静电纺纳米纤维的研究及应用进展

简述了静电纺丝基本原理及纺丝过程中射流存在的几种不稳定性形式;探讨了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的主要影响因素。回顾了静电纺丝的发展历程,介绍了纳米纤维在电子器件、生物医学领域、滤材、防护服用材料纤维增强复合材料及传感器感知膜等方面的应用。指出静电纺纳米纤维性能优异、应用广泛,应用于生物医学领域是研发热点,必将进一步产业化。     

静电纺聚偏氟乙烯及其复合纳米纤维膜在过滤领域的研究进展

静电纺丝作为一种可以制备纤维直径几纳米至几微米之间超细纤维技术,是目前获得纳米尺寸纤维最有效的方法之一,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)也因其优异的物理和化学性能在众多领域备受青睐。近年来,利用静电纺丝技术制备直径分布、孔径大小以及所需性能等各方面达到指定要求的PVDF及其复合纳米纤维膜成为了国内外学者的研究热点。目前,已成功制备出了多种高性能化和多功能化的PVDF纳米纤维膜,并在医学、电工电气以及过滤等诸多领域有着十分广阔的应用前景。文中简述了静电纺PVDF及其复合纳米纤维膜的原理和影响因素,对电纺PVDF及其复合纳米纤维膜在空气过滤、油水分离以及重金属吸附等过滤领域的应用进行了介绍,指出电纺PVDF及其复合纳米纤维膜可能存在的问题及发展前景。     

静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状

介绍了静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控及静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状,并对今后提高静电纺纳米纤维材料力学性能的研究提出建议.静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控因素包括纺丝溶液性质、纺丝参数、环境因素等.静电纺纳米纤维集合体包括纳米纤维束及纳米纤维膜,纳米纤维束力学性能的增强方法包括热拉伸法、加捻法和化学法,纳米纤维膜力学性...     

专利文摘

一种间位芳纶纳米蛛网纤维膜的制备方法 本发明公开了一种间位芳纶纳米蛛网纤维膜的制备方法。所述的制备方法为：将间位芳纶溶解于卤盐和有机溶剂混合,配制成的离子液体溶剂体系中,得到间位芳纶电纺原料;将上述间位芳纶电纺原料加入到静电纺丝装置中进行静电纺丝,制得间位芳纶纳米蛛网纤维膜。本发明制备方法过程简单,制得的间位芳纶纳米蛛网纤维膜与普通静电纺纤维膜纤维相比,     

静电纺丝法制备空气过滤膜及应用

详细阐述了静电纺丝技术以及静电纺空气过滤膜材料的性能。提出了静电纺制备空气过滤材料存在的工艺问题及改进方法。综述了静电纺制备纳米纤维过滤材料及其复合改性研究进展。最后总结了静电纺空气过滤材料的应用。     

静电纺纳米纤维市场前景看好

20世纪90年代后期，科学家们对于纳米纤维制备及应用的研究达到高潮，开发了一系列制备聚合物纳米纤维的方法，如纺丝、模板合成法、相分离法、自组装法以及静电纺丝法等。与上述方法相比，静电纺制备聚合物纳米纤维具有设备简单、操作容易以及高效等特点，是制备聚合物连续纳米纤维最有效的方法。静电纺纳米纤维性能优异、应用广泛，在电子器件、生物医学领域、滤材、防护服用材料纤维增强复合材料及传感器感知膜的应用前景十分看好，产业化市场发展前景广阔。     

静电纺PLA微/纳米纤维膜的浸润性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)微/纳米纤维膜,研究了其可纺性、浸润性能及结构。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂的PLA电纺丝溶液,当PLA质量分数为7%时,可纺出纤维直径为280～690 nm的PLA微/纳米纤维膜。PLA微/纳米纤维膜与水的接触角为127.6°,高于PLA流延膜与水的接触角107.7°;红外光谱分析表明,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的分子组成没有发生变化;X光电子能谱测试表明PLA微/纳米纤维膜的表面碳氧含量比高于PLA流延膜,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的疏水性得到提高。     

离心静电纺丝法制备聚醚酮酮纳米纤维

用离心静电纺丝方法,将国产化的高性能工程塑料聚醚酮酮(PEKK)制备成PEKK纳米纤维。对PEKK离心静电纺丝的可纺性、纺丝规律以及最终纤维的性能进行了研究。结果显示,离心静电纺丝能很好解决溶液浓度高、溶剂挥发困难的问题,PEKK的离心静电纺丝可纺性很好,溶液浓度的控制对于纤维形貌和直径影响明显,纺丝纤维的热性能比原材料有所降低。该研究为PEKK纳米纤维的制备开辟了新方向。     

蛋白质吸附用静电纺丝纳米纤维材料研究进展

综述了静电纺纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料的研究进展,简要介绍了蛋白质吸附原理和蛋白质吸附性能的影响因素,具体分析了无机、有机及有机/无机相结合等不同组分静电纺纳米纤维的蛋白质吸附性能。蛋白质吸附的影响因素包括蛋白质的物理化学性质、吸附载体表面性质及环境因素。静电纺无机纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高等特性,在蛋白质吸附应用中发挥着重要作用;静电纺有机纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料通过疏水基团或疏水改性,表现出优异的吸附性能;静电纺有机/无机复合纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料结合有机纤维疏水特性与无机纤维高孔隙结构,可显著提高蛋白质吸附效果。建议加强对多组分复合纤维蛋白质吸附材料的开发,进一步提升静电纺纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料的吸附性能,并拓展静电纺丝纳米纤维在生物领域的应用。     

再生丝素蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维的静电纺丝研究

以静电纺丝方法制备再生丝素蛋白/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维。研究了共混配比、溶液浓度、添加剂含量及电纺电压、喷丝距离等因素对纤维成形及纤维有关性能的影响。研究表明:与聚乙烯醇共混后再生丝素纤维的柔韧性有一定改善,适当增加PVA在共混物中的含量、提高纺丝液浓度以及纺丝电压有利于改善共混溶液的可纺性。另外,加入丙三醇虽可使纤维直径的均匀性有所提高,但却不利于纤维成形。     

静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的研究现状

纳米级纤维具有优良的机械性能和高比表面积等特性.以静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维为研究对象,根据其表观形态分别介绍了一维特殊结构纳米纤维、二维特殊结构纳米纤维膜、三维结构纳米纤维气凝胶等,并阐述了各种结构的形成机理.总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备特殊结构纳米纤维的调控方法,如改变溶液性质(溶液浓度、黏度、表面张力、电导...     

静电纺丝法制备PHB纤维膜及其性能表征

利用静电纺丝法制备了聚羟基丁酸酯( PHB)纤维膜,探讨了不同溶剂体系的PHB纺丝溶液性质及其纤维直径分布和纤维形貌;研究了加热和蒸气灭菌对PHB纤维膜的力学性能和亲水性的影响.结果表明:采用氯仿/N-N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)复合溶剂体系,提高了PHB纤维膜的可纺性,纤维平均直径由2.3μm下降到1.0μm,但纤维粗细...     

Preparation of Coaxial-Electrospun Poly[bis(p-methylphenoxy)]phosphazene Nanofiber Membrane for Enzyme Immobilization

A core/sheath nanofiber membrane with poly[bis(p-methylphenoxy)]phosphazene (PMPPh) as the sheath and easily spinnable polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the core was prepared via a coaxial electrospinning process. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of the nanofiber membrane. It was found that the concentration of the PAN spinning solution and the ratio of the core/sheath solution flow rates played a decisive role in the coaxial electrospinning process. In addition, the stabilized core/sheath PMPPh nanofiber membrane was investigated as a support for enzyme immobilization because of its excellent biocompatibility, high surface/volume ratio, and large porosity. Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized on the nanofiber membrane by adsorption. The properties of the immobilized lipase on the polyphosphazene nanofiber membrane were studied and compared with those of a PAN nanofiber membrane. The results showed that the adsorption capacity (20.4 ± 2.7 mg/g) and activity retention (63.7%) of the immobilized lipase on the polyphosphazene nanofiber membrane were higher than those on the PAN membrane.     

Characterization of gelatin nanofiber prepared from gelatin-formic acid solution

Gelatin, well known as a biocompatible polymer, was dissolved in formic acid and gelatin nanofiber was successfully prepared by the electrospinning using gelatin-formic acid dope solution. Stability of the dope solution was evaluated by measuring viscosity change with time. Even though the viscosity dropped markedly after 5 h, the spinnability and morphology of gelatin nanofiber were not affected at all. The parameters, such as electric field, spinning distance, and concentration of dope solution, were examined for studying the effects on electrospinnability and morphology (size, size distribution, uniformity, bead formation, etc.) of gelatin nanofiber web. The gelatin nanofibers, in the mean size of 70-170 nm, could be prepared by controlling the dope concentration under proper conditions. The electrospun gelatin nanofiber exhibited a mixture of α-helical and random coil conformation, which was amorphous structure with very low crystallinity. The structural transformation, from a helical (α-helix and triple-helix) to random coil conformation, might occur when formic acid was used for the dissolution of gelatin in electrospinning.     

Influence of solution properties on the roller electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol)

In recent years, nanofiber production via electrospinning has gained importance because of superior properties of submicron fibers. In this study, the effect of molecular weight, concentration of solution, electric conductivity, surface tension and solution viscosity of the polymer solution on the roller electrospinning of PVA nanofibers was investigated. One nonspinnable and two spinnable polymer species were studied. The effect of polymer concentration and solution viscosity on the electrospinning process throughput, fiber diameters and quality of nanofiber layers was measured. According to the results there is a significant difference in rheological behavior of nonspinnable and spinnable polymer solutions. Electric conductivity and surface tension of the solutions did not influence both throughput and fiber diameter significantly. Whereas molecular weight has an important effect on the spinnability, concentration of the solutions has not. On the contrary, concentration influences the process throughput considerably and properties of nanofibers and nanofiber layers to some extent. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液流变性能的研究

采用角蛋白溶液与聚乙烯醇溶液共混制备纺丝溶液,探讨了角蛋白含量、温度、溶液浓度对纺丝溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明,不同角蛋白含量的角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液均为切力变稀流体;增加角蛋白含量、升高温度都有利于改善纺丝溶液的流变性和可纺性。纺丝溶液温度不超过70℃,溶液浓度不超过15％时,其流变性能较好。     

PVP/FF复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/二苯基丙氨酸(PVP/FF)复合纳米纤维;考察了FF含量、纺丝液流速对电纺纤维形貌及其平均直径的影响;利用扫描电镜对纤维表面形态进行了观察,通过X射线衍射和热重分析考察了纳米纤维中FF的存在状态及纳米纤维的热稳定性;通过全反射红外光谱分析了FF与PVP之间的相互作用。结果表明:当复合纤维中FF质量分数小于2%时,共混溶液的可纺性较好;复合纳米纤维直径随着FF含量的增大而先减小后增加,当FF的质量分数增加到5%时,复合纳米纤维的直径也相应增大;随着纺丝液流速的增大,复合纳米纤维的直径有逐渐增大的趋势,当纺丝液流速在0.2～0.6mL/h时,复合纳米纤维形貌较佳,纤维直径分布均匀,表面光滑无颗粒;PVP/FF复合纳米纤维中FF与PVP发生复合作用处于分散的无定形状态,分解温度范围变宽;FF与PVP之间具有良好的相容性。     

“Dialdehyde Cellulose” Nanofibers by Electrospinning as Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Manufacture and Product Characterization

A nanofiber was obtained by electrospinning of “dialdehyde cellulose” (periodate-oxidized cellulose, DAC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), using only water as the solvent. Celluloses of four different origins were fully oxidized with sodium periodate to water-soluble DAC. Aqueous solution of DAC showed inadequate spinnability regardless of the polymer concentration and the electrospinning conditions used. Addition of PVA improved the solution's viscoelasticity and, consequently, the solution's spinnability. We examined the effects of DAC/PVA composition and electrospinning parameters on fiber morphology. Highly homogeneous nanofibers were prepared from 1:1 up to 2:1 (weight) DAC/PVA blends while samples of lower viscosity or higher relative DAC contents resulted in continuous, beaded fiber networks. Characterization of the electrospun fabrics revealed a highly crosslinked DAC structure reinforced with PVA, strongly interacting through hemiacetal bonds and hydrogen bonding. Fluorescence labeling confirmed the presence of reactive aldehyde functionalities in the electrospun web. The versatile properties of DAC as reactive material can now be imparted on electrospun fiber and nanofiber material – which was not possible so far –further widening the application scope of this interesting cellulose derivative.     

Influence of the processing parameters on needleless electrospinning from double ring slits spinneret using response surface methodology

Needleless electrospinning technology was an effective processing method which can fabricate large scale nanofibers. We first developed a novel double rings slit spinneret to overcome the shortcomings of current needleless electrospinning spinnerets. The solution of the flow rate was controlled accurately by peristaltic control pump. Response surface methodology was adopted to investigate the influence of the processing parameters on the morphology and diameter of nanofibers. The main spinning processing parameters comprised solution concentration, applied voltage, collection distance and solution flow rate. The analysis of variance was used to evaluate response surface reduced quadratic model for nanofiber diameter. The linear and quadratic coefficients were obtained. The morphology of nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Effects of different processing parameters on the nanofiber mean diameter have been discussed. Predicated values have a good agreement with actual values for nanofiber diameter. Actual nanofiber diameter ranges from129.15 to 404.70 nm with different process parameters. Mechanical properties of nanofiber membrane have been investigated. High quality and high throughout nanofiber could be continuously produced. This novel needleless electrospinning spinneret has a great potential for large scale nanofibers production to promote electrospinning technology development. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46407.