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微藻具有生长周期短、油脂含量高等优势,以城市废水和工业废气作为微藻的培养基和无机碳来源,开展废物利用与微藻能源耦合研究具有重要意义。通过分阶段生命周期理论分析可知,随着微藻浓度增加,生物柴油的经济效益和减排效果逐渐增加,且质量浓度为1.5 kg/m3时效果更好;随采收周期变长,生物柴油的经济效益先增加后降低,减排效果先降低后增加,经综合考虑,采收比为80%时获得最佳效果;随污水配比变化,微藻对废水处理效果变化较大。基于此,本研究最终选用质量浓度为1.5 kg/m3、油脂含量为20%的微藻,在下水道污水、垃圾渗滤液、生活废水体积比为8∶1∶1条件下,以80%的采收比进行生物柴油生产。研究结果表明,在考虑碳税基础上,微藻生物柴油生产成本比现有生物柴油低35.6%,基于国家总体碳排放量可实现0.27%的碳减排,具有显著的经济和环境效益。 相似文献
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介绍了国内外研发微藻生物柴油的动态,预见用工业装置生产微藻生物柴油的技术近几年内将取得重大突破,微藻生物柴油产业将成为一个新兴的替代能源产业.我国微藻生物柴油产业化研究和国际水平基本同步,是一个全新的自主创新领域,提出应抓住微藻生物柴油产业的发展机遇.对工业化生产微藻生物柴油的光生物反应器设计技术、微藻培养控制系统、配... 相似文献
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水处理是环境保护与绿色化工生产的重要方面,其中含硝酸废水的处理已经成为工业水处理领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了生物反硝化法、化学还原法与中和法等对含硝酸废水进行脱硝处理的方法,针对这些方法成本高、形成二次污染和氮元素资源化利用程度低等问题,指出目前仍然缺乏对高含量硝酸废水进行处理的理想技术。随后重点介绍了使用微藻对废水中的硝酸进行脱除的理论基础与技术路线,并对藻种、硝酸废水特征与处理工艺等因素的影响进行了阐述。根据对微藻处理方法进行的初步技术经济性分析,提出了废水处理与微藻生物产品生产相结合这一环保新模式,为降低环保装置的运行成本提供了新的思路。指出微藻应用于废水处理是一种非常有前景的工业废水处理技术,需要进一步加以研究和完善,从而在破解环境保护与经济发展的矛盾中发挥更为重要的作用。 相似文献
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一体化生化工艺处理油页岩干馏废水的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对油页岩干馏废水水质特点进行分析,选择集厌氧、缺氧、好氧、沉淀功能于一体的生化处理系统对干馏废水进行中试试验,考察了该一体化生化处理系统对油页岩干馏废水的处理效果,探讨了技术可行性。系统运行结果表明,一体化生化系统处理油页岩干馏废水运行稳定、高效,对CODCr NH3-N、油等均有较好的去除效果.为油页岩干馏废水的工业化处理提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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光催化法处理制药废水应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
光催化处理制药废水的处理效果、经济性、高效性以及工艺工业化应用规模等根本上都依赖于光反应数学模型的发展来推动,介绍了建立在处理实际制药废水试验基础上的光反应数学模型。阐明光催化法在制药废水处理中作为预处理、单独处理和后续处理的作用机理、去除对象及工艺特点。光催化反应中间产物可能比原污染物毒性更大、化学结构更趋稳定和可降解能力更差,所以在试验研究中应重视对反应中间产物的种类、数量及其性质的监测和控制。加强对反应的路线、机理和反应动力学的研究,是确保制药废水良好去除效果和作为环境友好型水处理技术的核心。并就目前国外已取得的科研成果进行概括和总结,指出对制药废水进行光催化处理所面临和亟需解决的关键性问题。 相似文献
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《Education for Chemical Engineers》2014,9(3):e67-e76
This paper describes a hands-on project that introduces first year engineering students to life cycle assessment (LCA) through the comparison of the environmental impact of the production and use of three diesel fuels: petroleum diesel, biodiesel from new vegetable oil, and biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. The purpose of this LCA project was to incorporate life cycle thinking into the engineering design process, to apply the four main steps of LCA (definition and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment), and to explore some of the challenges associated with each step. The inventory for biodiesel production (from both new and waste vegetable oils) was based on measurements obtained by the students in laboratory experiments. The fossil diesel production inventory was obtained from the SimaPro® database. The inventory for the use of all three fuels was obtained from measurements taken during combustion of the fuels in a generator. A cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis was then conducted using SimaPro® for each fuel. The assessment of learning outcomes indicates a significant increase in conceptual understanding of the four stages of life cycle assessment, and an average gain of over 55% in overall knowledge of life cycle assessment. 相似文献
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Lei Zhang Xue Gao Renliang Huang Mei Cui Wei Qi Rongxin Su 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2023,69(11):e18186
The commercialization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is currently limited by its environmental impact of high water consumption and brine wastewater generation. Here, a combined process integrating the production of CNCs and calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) was proposed to achieve complete utilization of the waste acid, and the corresponding environmental performance was evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA). Accordingly, we prepared fibrous CSWs with an average length of 309 μm and an average aspect ratio of 57 under optimum conditions. The LCA results demonstrated the superior environmental performance of the combined process, especially for CNC production, and the impact values reduced by 45.6% on average. Moreover, the cost of producing 20 g of CNCs decreased from 3.04 CNY (traditional process) to 1.66 CNY (combined process). Therefore, this combined production process is eco-efficient and economically scalable for the industrial production of CNCs. 相似文献
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With the increasing public consciousness on environmental issues, chemical products and process designs require simultaneous satisfaction and compromise of environmental and economical requirements. To fulfill the two conflicting while complementary objectives, a systematic approach for life cycle design of a chemical product is proposed in this article. Multiattribute decision-making is adopted in a trade-off consideration of both technical economical evaluation and environmental impacts assessment using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. On the basis of an evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria multicriteria decision making is performed. In this study, an AHP model is used to derive single a criteria score by analyzing the environmental impact and life cycle cost of a product, respectively. And a fluctuant weight analysis is put forth to calculate the integrated index of the product to enable products to be ranked or selected intuitionally and conveniently. The proposed AHP model has been applied to a case study, a comparative study on chamber cleaning with NF3 and C2F6. The resuits show that the protposed AHP model is Capable of providing a rational and relevant evaluation. 相似文献
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污水处理过程的故障诊断数据具有高度不平衡性,影响了故障诊断效果,尤其是降低故障类别的识别正确率,导致出水水质不达标、运行费用增高和环境二次污染等问题出现。据此提出一种基于加权极限学习机集成算法的污水处理故障诊断建模方法。该方法将不平衡分类评价指标G-mean引入以加权极限学习机为基分类器的AdaBoost集成分类模型,定义新的基分类器初始权值矩阵更新规则和集成权重计算公式,用于基分类器的迭代学习。由仿真实验结果可知,基于加权极限学习机集成算法的污水处理故障诊断模型,可有效提高分类性能G-mean值和整体分类精度,特别提高了故障类的识别正确率,验证了基于加权极限学习机的集成算法在不平衡性污水处理故障诊断问题上的有效性。 相似文献