一步电沉积法制备硫化镍/泡沫镍材料及其赝电容性能研究

通过一步电化学沉积法在泡沫镍（Ni foam,NF）集流体上制备了3D硫化镍（Ni₃S₂）材料,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对所制备材料的物化结构和形貌进行了表征,并采用循环伏安法（CV）、恒流充放电法（GCD）研究了其作为超级电容器电极的电化学性能。测试结果表明,制备的Ni₃S₂/NF-10材料具有相互连接的3D结构,表现出优异的赝电容性能。在1 A/g电流密度下,比电容高达2850 F/g。将电流密度提高到10 A/g,该材料比电容仍能达到1972 F/g,说明其具有优异的倍率性能。测试结果表明所制备的Ni₃S₂材料有望应用于电化学储能领域。     

水热法制备氧化锰纳米材料及其电容性能

基于KMnO4的自分解反应,采用水热法在180℃制备了氧化锰材料.应用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术对所得材料的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,所得材料为具有Birnessite结构的层状氧化锰花球,花球由纳米片组装而成.电化学测试结果显示,制备材料表现出优良的电容特性.当电流密度为0.25 A/g时,比电容为173 F/g.在10 mV/s的扫描速度下,循环测试1000圈后比电容保持率高达97％.     

CuGeO3/泡沫镍负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用原位生长法,在泡沫镍（nickel foam,NF）基底上制备具有三维互连结构的CuGeO₃纳米片,直接将CuGeO₃/NF电极材料用作锂离子电池电极,省去了涂覆法制备粉末电极所需的高分子黏结剂。利用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了电极材料的结构和形貌,测试了CuGeO₃/NF和CuGeO₃两种负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,与传统涂覆法制备的CuGeO₃粉末电极相比,CuGeO₃/NF无黏结剂型电极具有更好的循环性能和倍率性能。在0.2A/g电流密度下500次循环后,可逆比容量为972mA·h/g,容量保持率94.1%;在电流密度为1A/g时,可逆比容量为578mA·h/g,电流密度恢复至0.1A/g时,可逆比容量升高至936mA·h/g。CuGeO₃/NF电极材料良好的电化学性能归因于泡沫镍的三维导电网络结构。此外,泡沫镍负载CuGeO₃纳米片加快了嵌锂/脱锂过程中电子和离子的传输,缓解了活性物质的体积膨胀。     

碱性电镀用泡沫镍/硫化镍阳极的制备与性能

以泡沫镍(NF)为基体,先在由0.10 mol/L NiCl2·6H2O、0.63 g/mL氯化胆碱和50％(体积分数)乙二醇组成的低共熔溶剂中电镀得到NF/Ni,再对其水热硫化而得到NF/Ni3S2电极.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、线性扫描伏安法和恒流极化分析了NF/Ni3S2阳极的表面形貌、物相组成及电化学性...     

泡沫镍的制备方法及技术工艺分析

泡沫镍具有三维网状结构、孔隙率高、比表面积大、质量均匀等特点,是电池生产中的一项重要材料。因此,对泡沫镍的制备方式、技术工艺的相关内容展开了分析和阐述,目的就是保证相关产品的质量,实现良好的经济效益,促进其行业发展的进程。     

电镀法制备泡沫镍吸声材料

本文介绍了泡沫镍的特征、用途及电镀法制得吸声性能优良的泡沫镍的制备工艺。     

用电沉积方法制备泡沫镍材料

泡沫镍是制造镉－镍电池和氢－镍电池的最佳电极材料之一,通过试验研制成功了用电沉积技术制备泡沫镍的工艺。所用基体材料为多孔的泡沫塑料,采用化学镀镍或浸导电胶两种方法均可制备导电层,经预镀镍便可在通用的硫酸盐镀镍电解液中电镀厚镍,后经灼烧,还原工序便可得到性能优良的泡沫镍材料。     

CoO@CuO电极材料制备及超级电容性能研究

超级电容器因具有功率密度高、充放电速率快、循环使用寿命长等优点而备受关注.CoO是一种优良的超级电容电极材料,理论比容量可以达到4292 F·g-1,但其电导率较低,而且充放电过程中会产生体积膨胀,导致其实际比容量低于理论比容量.为此,本文首先采用热氧化法在泡沫铜导电集流体上生长CuO纳米线阵列,然后采用化学浴沉积法在...     

三维氧化石墨烯-Ag/泡沫镍复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用改进的Hummer法制备氧化石墨(GO),以干燥浸泡法制备三维氧化石墨烯(rGO)-Ag/泡沫镍(NF)复合材料,对其物相、形貌和组成进行分析,研究了其电化学性能. 结果表明,复合材料呈疏松多孔结构,Ag颗粒直径为200 nm,电流密度为5 mA/cm2时初次比容量为1.59 F/cm2,循环1000次后为初始容量的70%,循环稳定性良好.     

电化学沉积制备高比电容铁钴复合硫化物超级电容材料

金属硫化物被认为是超级电容器电极材料最有希望的候选者,二元金属硫化物之间的协同作用可以改善材料的电化学性能。以泡沫镍为基底采用电化学沉积法合成了三维片状的铁钴复合硫化物。通过探索试剂比例、沉积时间和沉积电位对电化学性能的影响,以此获得最佳的实验条件。该材料在电流密度为1A·g~(-1)下的比电容为2802F·g~(-1),经过1000次循环后,电容保持率为54.9%。     

球形镍氧化物制备硫酸镍的方法研究

以球形镍氧化物为原料,研究了制备高纯硫酸镍的方法。首先借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对球形镍氧化物的主要成分进行表征,确认其主要成分为氧化镍;其次对球形镍氧化物浸取制备较高纯度的硫酸镍条件进行了优化,确立了硫酸浓度为1.84 mol/L、反应温度为200 ℃、固液比为0.3 g/mL、反应时间为6 h为最优反应条件;最后利用高温条件下（250 ℃）获得的一水合硫酸镍固体,提出了将其再次溶解生产pH和镍浓度可控的高纯硫酸镍溶液的方法。     

水热法制备羟基氧化镓纳米晶体

提供一种以氧化镓为原料,140℃下用水热法制得不同长径比的羟基氧化镓纳米棒和纳米粒子的新工艺。研究了溶液的pH、水热时间及水热温度对纳米羟基氧化镓晶体粒子形态及尺寸的影响。采用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电镜（TEM）等方法对制备的纳米羟基氧化镓形貌进行了表征。结果表明,溶液的pH增大,羟基氧化镓纳米棒的长径比增大,pH=12时,得到单分散性纳米粒子;延长水热时间,酸性条件下样品形貌基本不变,碱性条件下纳米棒长度及长径比变大;水热温度为180℃时,形成由纳米线组成的骨状纳米棒样品。     

Preparation and characterization of nanosized nickel oxide

Nanosized nickel oxide was synthesized by a simple liquid-phase process to obtain the hydroxide precursor and then calcined to form the oxide. The precursor and the nickel oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal analysis (TG) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The results indicated that the particle size of nickel oxide was controlled by the calcined temperature (T_C). Mixed phases of nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide were present as the T_C was lower than 300 °C. Non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiO_x, x = 1.2) was formed between 250 °C and 400 °C and a pure nickel oxide was formed as the T_C arrived 500 °C. The particle size of nickel oxide changed as the calcined temperature was controlled under 250 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C, the order was 5.6 nm, 6.5 nm, 11 nm and 17 nm, respectively.     

微波水热法制备氧化镁-氧化铜-氧化钙复合材料及其抗菌性能

以氯化镁、氯化铜、氯化钙为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为分散剂,采用微波水热法合成了氧化镁-氧化铜-氧化钙复合材料;通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、氮吸附（BET）等表征手段对样品进行了结构表征;利用最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和菌落计数法对样品的抗菌性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：氧化镁-氧化铜-氧化钙复合物具有纳米片状结构,制备的MgO_0.7CuO_0.1CaO_0.2比表面积为66.789 m²/g,平均孔径为54.117 nm,孔容为0.904 cm³/（g·nm）;MgO_0.7CuO_0.1CaO_0.2在质量浓度为500 μg/mL条件下展现出良好的抗菌性能,在质量浓度为600 μg/mL以上时抑菌率达到99.9%以上。     

Electrochemical studies of the nickel electrode with cobalt modification

The electrochemical behaviour of the paste-type nickel hydroxide electrode with cobalt-modified nickel foam was investigated using galvanostatic charge–discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and current pulse relaxation methods. Experimental results showed that the performance of the nickel electrode with substrate deposition of a thin layer of cobalt was improved markedly. This improvement could be attributed to the enhanced electrical conduction between the substrate and the active material. The enhanced electrical conduction increases the charge efficiency and the discharge depth of the nickel electrodes and therefore increases the utilization of the active material. This suggests that the electrical conduction between the substrate and the active material is essential to the practical use of paste-type nickel hydroxide electrodes.     

Effects of ultrasonics on the properties of continuous nickel foam

Environmental pollution and high cost are two typical problems when vacuum gas deposition or electroless nickel conductive technology is applied to the production of continuous nickel foam. To solve these problems, conductive colloid coating technology is usually used. But the continuous nickel foam obtained via this method has drawbacks, such as low tensile strength and elongation, high deposit thickness ratios (DTRs), inhomogeneous surface density distribution and inhomogeneous morphology. In this work, ultrasonic treatment was applied to certain production stages to investigate the effects on the properties of continuous nickel foam mentioned above. It was found through the comparison of the results obtained that using ultrasonic waves can significantly improve the structures and performances of continuous nickel foam.     

Structural characterization and electrochemical properties of Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> anode materials synthesized by a hydrothermal method

Cobalt oxide [Co₃O₄] anode materials were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process, and the reaction conditions were optimized to provide good electrochemical properties. The effect of various synthetic reaction and heat treatment conditions on the structure and electrochemical properties of Co₃O₄ powder was also studied. Physical characterizations of Co₃O₄ are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller [BET] method. The BET surface area decreased with values at 131.8 m²/g, 76.1 m²/g, and 55.2 m²/g with the increasing calcination temperature at 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C, respectively. The Co₃O₄ particle calcinated at 200°C for 3 h has a higher surface area and uniform particle size distribution which may result in better sites to accommodate Li⁺ and electrical contact and to give a good electrochemical property. The cell composed of Super P as a carbon conductor shows better electrochemical properties than that composed of acetylene black. Among the samples prepared under different reaction conditions, Co₃O₄ prepared at 200°C for 10 h showed a better cycling performance than the other samples. It gave an initial discharge capacity of 1,330 mAh/g, decreased to 779 mAh/g after 10 cycles, and then showed a steady discharge capacity of 606 mAh/g after 60 cycles.     

纳米氧化镍制备及表征

以六水硝酸镍和氨水为原料,采用配位均匀沉淀法制备了纳米氧化镍。探讨了制备条件对氧化镍前驱体产率和纳米氧化镍平均粒径的影响,得出最佳工艺条件：镍离子浓度为0.8 mol/L,反应物配比［n（氨水）/n（硝酸镍）］为3∶1,沉淀反应温度为80 ℃,反应时间为90 min,焙烧温度为400 ℃,焙烧时间为1 h。同时,利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）等分析方法对产品组成和形貌进行了表征,结果显示,实验制得的氧化镍纳米晶属标准面心立方晶系结构,晶粒呈球形,平均粒径约为12 nm。     

超增溶自组装制备纳米氧化镍

采用超增溶自组装合成了纳米氧化镍,并通过透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、N2吸附脱附BET法和热重分析（TG）表征了其结构。结果表明,形成的纳米粒子分散性良好,粒径分布较窄(10～20 nm),晶粒度良好,微晶晶化比较完全,氧化镍纳米粒子具有较大的孔径,比表面积和孔容符合纳米粒子特性。确定了超增溶自组装制备纳米氧化镍的最佳工艺条件。     

水热法制备多层笼状纳米氧化锌

采用水热法制备出多层笼状结构的纳米氧化锌。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TG-DTA等手段对复合前驱体及煅烧产物的结构、组成及形貌进行了表征,并初步探讨了笼状氧化锌的形成机理。结果表明：葡萄糖的引入一方面能够抑制氧化锌晶体的各向异性生长,形成球形的氧化锌产物;另一方面能够作为造孔材料,形成无定形的骨架碳,在后期经过煅烧处理后,便会形成一种多层的笼状结构,同时会在笼壁上形成大量的孔结构。这种具有多孔结构的笼状氧化锌材料有望成为一种高效的光催化剂材料。