基于深度可分离卷积结构的人脸表情识别研究

人脸表情识别是计算机视觉领域中人脸识别的一个重要分支。由于人脸表情多样性,头部姿态变化以及表情主 体所处环境等诸多因素的影响,给人脸表情识别的工作带来了很大的挑战。针对采用传统卷积神经网络,由于其模型参数数 量多,且比传统机器学习算法的人脸表情识别精度的提高有限,给出了一种基于深度可分离卷积结构的改进卷积神经网络模 型。基于该模型对Fer2013灰度表情识别数据集进行实验,结果表明,在保证了68.31% 的较高准确率情况下,与传统卷积神经 网络相比,模型的网络结构得到了优化,模型参数数量大大减少,且模型参数的利用效率较高。     

基于多特征融合密集残差CNN的人脸表情识别

传统人脸表情识别主要基于人工提取特征,其存在算法鲁棒性较差、易受人脸身份信息干扰等问题,以及传统卷积神经网络不能充分提取人脸表情特征的现状。对此提出一种基于多特征融合密集残差卷积神经网络的人脸表情识别。该方法能够充分利用神经网络中每层的特征,在密集块中,对于每一个卷积层,其前面所有卷积层的输出都将作为本卷积层的输入。然后将每个密集块的输出送入到全连接层中进行特征融合,经过Softmax分类器分类。在CK+和FER2013数据集上进行多次实验,与传统的机器学习方法相比,该方法具有较高的准确率与较强的鲁棒性。     

基于二值化密集卷积神经网络的表情识别算法

人脸表情识别已成为人工智能领域的重要研究课题,但传统的卷积神经网络需要庞大的计算资源使得其应用受限,而二值化卷积神经网络可通过快速与或运算代替原本的浮点乘法运算,大大降低了算法对计算资源的需求。论文提出了一种基于数据增强和二值化卷积神经网络的人脸表情识别算法,通过均值估计,在FER2013数据集上达到了66.15%的识别率,超越了部分基于浮点乘积运算的卷积网络,为表情识别算法移植到小型设备中提供了可能。     

面部表情的深度卷积级联森林识别

面部表情识别广泛应用于各种研究领域,针对面部表情识别使用深度神经网络方法结构复杂、可解释性差和传统机器学习方法特征提取缺乏多样性、识别率低的问题.提出了一种新的深度卷积级联森林(Deep Convolution Cascade Forest,DCCF)方法用于人脸面部表情识别,该方法通过卷积神经网络深度学习人脸面部显著...     

结合卷积神经网络与OpenCV的人脸表情识别

针对实时人脸表情识别模型训练慢、识别速度慢的问题,提出一种OpenCV和卷积神经网络结合进行实时表情识别的方法。人脸表情是多个局部区域特征的集合,而卷积神经网络提取出的特征能更多地关注局部,因此采取卷积神经网络的方式进行模型的训练。所提网络在全连接层中加入了Dropout,能有效预防过拟合现象的发生,并且提升模型泛化能力。实验结果表明此模型的可行性,在fer2013数据集上的准确率达到71.6%。基于以上方法再结合OpenCV构建一个实时表情识别系统,系统实时识别表情的速度为0.4s。所构建的系统相比于现有的其他系统,具有训练速度较快、准确率较高、识别速度较快等优点。     

基于图像融合的表情识别研究

为提高表情识别精度,结合传统的深度卷积神经网络,提出一种基于深度度量融合算法的表情识别模型。首先通过DCNN(Dynamic Convolution Neural Network,深度卷积神经网络)模块对人脸图像特征进行学习,然后同步优化Softmax分类损失函数和三元组损失函数。在三元组损失函数优化方面,提出一种对称三元组损失函数Lw,以避免不完整判断问题,最后以CK+等作为数据来源,通过上述模型对表情进行识别。结果表明,本改进的表情识别方法,可有效辨识高兴、厌恶和藐视等表情,但对恐惧、生气等表情识别精度不高;与其他表情识别算法相比,本识别算法识别精度最高,达到97.86%,具有很大识别优势。     

多信息融合的深度学习人脸表情识别算法研究

人脸表情识别作为人机交互系统的重要组成部分,在安防监控、人机交互等领域有广泛的应用,是计算机视觉的研究热点。传统的卷积神经网络方法一般提取单张人脸图像或者人脸标记点作为特征提取的输入数据,未能考虑到人脸全域的表情信息。提出了一种基于三通道多信息融合的深度学习人脸表情识别模型,以人脸图像表情平静到高峰时期标记点坐标的相对位移为输入,提取整个人脸表情图像特征信息,模型融合了稀疏自编码器以提高对边缘特征提取效率。该模型在CK+数据集上进行了训练和测试,实验结果表明,与该领域中的同类算法相比,该算法模型提高了表情识别的准确率。     

基于跨连接LeNet-5网络的面部表情识别

为避免人为因素对表情特征提取产生的影响,本文选择卷积神经网络进行人脸表情识别的研究.相较于传统的表情识别方法需要进行复杂的人工特征提取,卷积神经网络可以省略人为提取特征的过程.经典的LeNet-5卷积神经网络在手写数字库上取得了很好的识别效果,但在表情识别中识别率不高.本文提出了一种改进的LeNet-5卷积神经网络来进行面部表情识别,将网络结构中提取的低层次特征与高层次特征相结合构造分类器,该方法在JAFFE表情公开库和CK+数据库上取得了较好的结果.     

基于注意力机制的人脸表情识别迁移学习方法

针对现有的在人脸表情识别中应用的卷积神经网络结构不够轻量,难以精确提取人脸表情特征,且需要大量表情标记数据等问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的人脸表情识别迁移学习方法.设计一个轻量的网络结构,在其基础上进行特征分组并建立空间增强注意力机制,突出表情特征重点区域,利用迁移学习在目标函数中构造一个基于log-Euclidean...     

融合时空域特征的人脸表情识别

目的 人脸表情识别是计算机视觉的核心问题之一。一方面,表情的产生对应着面部肌肉的一个连续动态变化过程,另一方面,该运动过程中的表情峰值帧通常包含了能够识别该表情的完整信息。大部分已有的人脸表情识别算法要么基于表情视频序列,要么基于单幅表情峰值图像。为此,提出了一种融合时域和空域特征的深度神经网络来分析和理解视频序列中的表情信息,以提升表情识别的性能。方法 该网络包含两个特征提取模块,分别用于学习单幅表情峰值图像中的表情静态“空域特征”和视频序列中的表情动态“时域特征”。首先,提出了一种基于三元组的深度度量融合技术,通过在三元组损失函数中采用不同的阈值,从单幅表情峰值图像中学习得到多个不同的表情特征表示,并将它们组合在一起形成一个鲁棒的且更具辩识能力的表情“空域特征”;其次,为了有效利用人脸关键组件的先验知识,准确提取人脸表情在时域上的运动特征,提出了基于人脸关键点轨迹的卷积神经网络,通过分析视频序列中的面部关键点轨迹,学习得到表情的动态“时域特征”;最后,提出了一种微调融合策略,取得了最优的时域特征和空域特征融合效果。结果 该方法在3个基于视频序列的常用人脸表情数据集CK+(the e...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.