微生物降解石油烃修复石油污染的研究

随着工业和经济的发展,环境问题成为人们普遍关注的焦点,石油污染成了不可忽视的问题。微生物降解法治理石油污染是一种有效控制污染的理想方法。综述了石油烃降解菌的种类,降解机理及筛选鉴定方法,介绍了微生物降解石油烃的影响因素,并对研究方向提出了建议。     

微生物降解石油烃修复石油污染的研究

随着工业和经济的发展,环境问题成为人们普遍关注的焦点,石油污染成了不可忽视的问题。微生物降解法治理石油污染是一种有效控制污染的理想方法。综述了石油烃降解菌的种类,降解机理及筛选鉴定方法,介绍了微生物降解石油烃的影响因素,并对研究方向提出了建议。     

石油烃污染土壤修复技术的研究进展

针对典型场地石油烃的污染和危害问题,系统介绍了当今具有工程实践应用的几种石油烃污染修复技术的近年来国内外研究进展,对比分析了其优劣,提出化学修复技术仍是今后国内石油烃污染修复的主体技术,但化学与生物的联合修复技术也是未来的发展方向。     

石油烃降解菌降解性能及其对含油土壤的修复

考察了筛选出的3株石油降解菌C3 Pseudomonas putida、C4 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus、C5 Sphingomona sp.对石油烃的降解性能,研究了3株菌的复合菌、生物炭+复合菌、生物炭固定化复合菌等不同菌剂加入方式对含油土壤的修复效果。结果表明:3株菌均能以石油烃为唯一碳源和能源生长,C3、C4对饱和烃的去除能力较强,C5对芳香烃的去除能力较强,3株菌的复合菌对石油烃各组分的去除具有协同效果,30℃培养28d复合菌对石油烃的降解率达到79.73%;生物炭与复合菌联用对石油烃的去除具有协同效应,其去除效果CTBTB+BCTB;生物炭的加入有利于降解菌在土壤中的定殖,其中生物炭作为固定化载体加入土壤对降解菌的数量增加最为有利。     

表面活性剂在石油烃污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展

表面活性剂可促进石油烃从非水相液体或固相向水相迁移和溶解,已被广泛用于石油烃污染土壤的增效修复.阐述了表面活性剂的作用机理,综述了非离子、阴离子、生物和混合表面活性剂等的特点及其在石油烃污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展,分析了表面活性剂性能的影响因素以及表面活性剂的环境风险.     

过硫酸盐修复石油烃污染场地的小试试验探究

以广东省某工业场地石油烃污染土壤为试验土样,探究了过硫酸盐(Na2S2O8)在不同投加梯度下的单独作用效果,以及经(FeSO4·7H2O)Fe2+、Fe2+/柠檬酸(CA)、生石灰(CaO)活化后对初始石油烃(TPH)浓度为4470mg/kg的污染土壤的氧化降解效果影响.试验结果表明,单独过硫酸钠降解作用下效果较温和,...     

石油污染水体的生物修复研究进展

简述了水域中石油污染的来源、危害及防治对策,对石油烃的微生物摄取、降解机制、生物修复的影响因素及强化途径等进行了详细论述,并对石油污染水体生物修复的发展趋势及应用前景进行了讨论。     

机械加工石油烃污染土壤微波热修复试验研究

采用微波热修复技术处理石油烃污染土壤,考察微波功率、作用时间、含水率对处理效果的影响。并通过添加活性炭、铁粉、氧化铝、二氧化钛和过硫酸钠5种敏化剂进行微波增强热修复研究。结果表明,当微波功率700 W,微波辐照时间10 min,土壤含水率10%,石油烃去除率最高可达31.90%;添加5种敏化剂后,石油烃去除效果显著提高,在最佳投加量10%氧化铝、15%铁粉、2.5%二氧化钛和20%过硫酸钠,石油烃去除率分别为78.1%,65.7%,50.4%和90.8%;活性炭为最优敏化剂,在5%投加量下,石油烃去除率可以达到91.4%,温度可达566.1℃。微波热修复去除石油烃主要机制为:敏化剂的添加可增大土壤的介电常数和损耗系数,增强污染土壤体系对微波的吸收和传热能力,依靠土壤中水分的微波蒸汽蒸馏和蒸发作用,使得石油烃在微波辐照场中受热挥发、分解。     

石油烃污染土壤修复效果评估及反应机理研究

以某石油烃污染地块内的土壤为研究对象,比较不同氧化药剂在不同浓度以及不同激活剂条件下对石油烃去除率的影响,实验表明选用过硫酸钠作为氧化剂,氧化钙的激活效果优于硫酸亚铁,且当激活剂投加质量比为1％,占比氧化药剂30％时,较为适宜;过碳酸钠作为氧化剂对石油烃去除效果相较于过硫酸钠要更为明显,当过碳酸钠的投加量为5％ ～7....     

粉煤灰对石油污染土壤修复的试验研究

为改善石油污染土壤的环境,促进植物在污染土壤中的生长,通过对石油污染土壤中单独添加粉煤灰、添加粉煤灰+种植紫花苜蓿、单独种植紫花苜蓿等几种处理,探索粉煤灰添加对土壤中石油烃降解率的影响。结果表明:单独添加的粉煤灰,土壤中的石油烃降解率为4.14%~17.18%;单独种植紫花苜蓿,石油烃降解率为6.6%~30%;添加粉煤灰+种植紫花苜蓿,降解率为13.4%~60.36%,且3种处理石油烃降解率均随粉煤灰添加逐渐升高。粉煤灰加入量与紫花苜蓿生物量成正相关,提高了紫花苜蓿的发芽率。说明粉煤灰能够较好改善土壤环境,促进紫花苜蓿的生长,从而实现对土壤中石油污染的修复。     

Laboratory bioremediation experiments with soil from a diesel-oil contaminated site—significant role of cold-adapted microorganisms and fertilizers

Laboratory bioremediation experiments were performed with soil from a diesel-oil contaminated waste disposal site; contamination was 5580 mg hydrocarbons per kg soil dry mass. The effects of incubation temperatures (10°C and 25°C), of the addition of an inorganic fertilizer at C: N ratios of 10:1 and 50:1, of the indigenous soil microorganisms and of a psychrotrophic and a mesophilic inoculum capable of degrading diesel-oil were investigated. The highest diesel-oil decontamination rates were 43% at 10°C and 55% at 25°C after 30 days. The biodegradation activity of the indigenous soil microorganisms was highly increased by the use of fertilizers. The diesel-oil degradation activity of the added inocula was highest when no fertilizer was present and was inhibited by nutrient supply. Abiotic processes did not contribute to diesel-oil elimination. ©1997 SCI     

利用响应面法对L-2菌株降解石油烃进行优化

从石油烃污染土壤中分离得到菌株L-2,对石油烃（TPH）的降解进行研究。通过16S rRNA鉴定L-2为肠杆菌属。采用基于Box-Behnken设计（BBD）的响应面方法（RSM）,考察温度、pH和TPH质量浓度3个自变量对TPH降解率的交互效应,建立二次回归方程预测模型,确定3个实验因素的最佳组合,通过方差分析验证该二次模型的有效性。确定系数R²=0.9943,表明二次模型与实验数据吻合较好。响应面优化得到最佳降解条件：温度为30℃,pH为7.13和TPH质量浓度为3.93g/L,TPH降解率为87.79%。结果表明,温度对TPH降解速率的影响（P<0.0001）较其他两个参数更显著。GC/MS结果表明菌株L-2可降解十六烷(C₁₆)至二十五烷(C₂₅)范围内的TPH组分。     

Bioremediation of DDT‐contaminated soil: enhancement by seaweed addition

DDT [1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis (p‐chlorophenyl) ethane] is a major environmental pollutant and economical methods to remove DDT from the environment are required. In this work we used seaweed (dried and ground) to enhance DDT transformation in waterlogged soils. Initial daily rates of DDT biodegradation increased in the following order relating to the percentage by weight of added seaweed to soil 0.5 > 1 > 0 > 3 > 5 > 13 (w/w). The actual percentages of DDT biodegradation occurring within 6 weeks were 80, 64, 60, 50, 40 and 34 respectively. During soil incubation DDD [1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis (p‐chlorophenyl) ethane] was the major metabolite found with small amounts of DDE [1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis (p‐chlorophenyl) ethane] produced. The maximum amount of 4,4′‐dichlorobenzophenone (DBP) (2.5%) produced was found in soil amended with 0.5% (w/w) seaweed, indicating that further degradation of DDD occurred. High levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), between 309 and 509 mg kg^?1 soil, were present in soil amended with 3–13% (w/w) seaweed immediately after seaweed addition. It is possible that the high levels of DOC in soils amended with larger amounts of seaweed significantly retarded DDT biodegradation, possibly due to binding of DDT to DOC and subsequently decreasing the bioavailability of DDT to soil microbes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

白腐真菌对石油污染土壤的修复研究

以原油为反应底物,利用白腐真菌作为降解菌,考察了土壤含水率、摇床转速、土壤含油率、Tween80及藜芦醇等因子对土壤中原油降解率的影响,筛选出含水率、含油率、Tween80为响应面的实验因素,对石油降解条件进行优化。结果表明:在选取的3个因素的水平范围内,对石油降解率的影响大小依次为:含油率含水率Tween80,含水率和含油率的交互作用对土壤中石油的降解率影响较显著。响应面模型优化后得到的最佳降解条件为土壤含水率58.2%、土壤含油率8.27%、Tween80 2.93CMC,此时土壤中石油的预期降解率能达到60.93%;验证实验得到的降解率为58.68%,达到理论预测值的97.73%。     

Biodegradation of catechol by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from petroleum‐impacted soil

Bioremediation strategies have been applied to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) impacted sites. Introducing PHC degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and enhancing the in‐situ nutrients availability (biostimulation) are widely used strategies. These strategies can be combined to lead to a better bioremediation performance. In this work, Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from a PHC impacted site. Through a 2³ factorial design plan, the effect of various combinations of nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate ions on the PHC bioremediation performance by P. fluorescens was investigated using catechol, an essential metabolic intermediate of BTEX degradation, as the sole carbon source. The maximum specific catechol degradation rate was chosen as the response to evaluate the catechol bioremediation performance. The ANOVA results indicated that the presence of nitrate ions alone lowered the maximum specific catechol degradation rate, which can be explained by the accumulation of nitrites and ammonia during the denitrification process by P. fluorescens. It was noted that dosing sulphate ions alone did not affect the bioremediation performance, which indicates P. fluorescens can grow in a sulphur‐limited environment. In contrast, the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions together can lead to a higher specific catechol degradation rate. This may be caused by the presence of sulphate that can suppress the production of nitrites. The importance of phosphate ions on catechol biodegradation was investigated. The absence of phosphate led to incomplete biodegradation. Introducing phosphate ions can accelerate catechol degradation, which can be explained by the secretion of organic acids.     

过氧化尿素与微生物联合修复石油污染土壤

为揭示化学氧化法与微生物法联合修复技术在石油污染土壤修复中应用可行性,本研究采用正交实验设计和联合修复实验,以过氧化尿素（UHP）为氧化剂,Fe²⁺为激活剂,研究了UHP去除石油烃的条件及其与微生物联合修复土壤石油污染物的效果。结果表明,利用UHP氧化土壤中石油烃的最佳条件为：UHP添加质量分数4%、UHP∶Fe²⁺ （摩尔比）=30∶1及水∶土=3∶2。过氧化尿素氧化法与微生物法联合作用下,石油烃降解率比单一微生物修复法和过氧化尿素氧化修复法分别提高了35.45%~47.26%和3.35%~15.16%。过氧化尿素与微生物的修复顺序优化结果显示,过氧化尿素预氧化联合微生物修复比先进行微生物修复再进行过氧化尿素氧化对土壤中石油烃的降解率提高了11.81%。研究结果证明过氧化尿素联合微生物修复对降解土壤中石油烃污染的可行性。     

热聚法合成深色石油树脂

乙烯裂解副产物C9芳烃馏分经过精馏分离提取220℃之前馏分,残余的重馏分与溶剂油按-定比例混配在-定温度和压力的条件下通过自由基聚合反应得到深色石油树脂.研究了反应温度、反应压力、改性剂含量等因素对深色石油树脂软化点、黏度及正庚烷值等指标的影响规律;确定了深色石油树脂热聚合温度、压力、恒温时间等工艺条件.