遥感影像立体匹配网络跨域迁移能力分析

鉴于数据跨域(cross-domain)现象对基于深度学习的立体匹配网络的迁移性能的影响,文章综合评价了当前立体匹配网络在无人机和航空遥感影像中的性能。针对PSMNet(2018)、DSMNet(2019)、CFNet(2021)、RAFT-Stereo(2021)、STTR(2021)5种典型算法,在合成、驾驶、无人机、航空这4种代表性影像数据集上设计了同域、跨域和精化实验,采用定量化指标测量了不同网络的精度表现,评价了各个网络在遥感影像上的场景适用性和跨域性能,为探索立体匹配网络在对地观测影像上的实用化运用提供了参考。经实验得到如下结论：受视差分布、场景类型等因素的影响,当前立体匹配网络在无人机和航空遥感影像上的误差较大,适用性不高;域归一化、多尺度代价体可以提高立体匹配网络的跨域表现,但提升效果有限;将Transformer等自然语言处理模块用于立体匹配任务可以提高网络表现,但同时也对训练数据有更高的要求,当前无人机和航空影像数据集还不能满足训练数据需求。     

结合批归一化的直通卷积神经网络图像分类算法

为解决深度卷积神经网络由于梯度消失而导致训练困难的问题,提出一种基于批归一化的直通卷积神经网络算法.首先对网络所有卷积层的激活值进行批归一化处理,然后利用可学习的重构参数对归一化后的数据进行还原,最后对重构参数进行训练.在CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100和MNIST这3个标准图像数据集上进行实验的结果表明,文中算法分别取得了94.53%,73.40%和99.74%的分类准确率,明显优于其他深度神经网络算法;该算法能够有效地克服传统卷积神经网络中梯度消失的问题.     

基于改进的深度卷积神经网络的人体动作识别方法

针对现有的动作识别算法的特征提取复杂、识别率低等问题,提出了基于批归一化变换(batch normalization)与GoogLeNet网络模型相结合的网络结构,将图像分类领域的批归一化思想应用到动作识别领域中进行训练算法改进,实现了对视频动作训练样本的网络输入进行微批量(mini-batch)归一化处理。该方法以RGB图像作为空间网络的输入,光流场作为时间网络输入,然后融合时空网络得到最终动作识别结果。在UCF101和HMDB51数据集上进行实验,分别取得了93.50%和68.32%的准确率。实验结果表明,改进的网络架构在视频人体动作识别问题上具有较高的识别准确率。     

基于序列对抗域适应的智能裁剪算法

智能裁剪任务一直受到缺乏训练数据的困扰,目前还局限于公开数据集中.因为实际应用场景与训练场景之间存在域迁移,文中提出基于序列对抗域适应的智能裁剪算法.首先,通过实验证实裁剪数据集GAICD和CPC之间存在域迁移问题.然后,构造由美学评分模块和对抗域适应模块组成的算法.美学评分模块用于预测图像的美学评分,并辅助提取面向裁剪任务的不变特征.对抗域适应模块实现基于对抗的域适应学习.不同裁剪数据集之间的域迁移实验及室内/室外场景之间的域迁移实验均验证文中算法的有效性.     

基于遗传神经网络的超混沌时间序列预测

研究了超混沌系统的预测问题。通过分析混沌时间序列,建立具有多个隐节点的3层前馈网络,基于泛化性考虑采用剪枝算法训练,在保证预测精度的基础上消去部分隐节点以降低网络复杂性,利用遗传算法具有的全局寻优能力重新训练网络,利用具有局部寻优能力BP算法再次训练该网络。对Mackey-Glass时滞混沌系统预测实验结果表明,改进算法的泛化性能优于经典BP网络,归一化预测精度提高10倍多,能够较好地解决超混沌系统的预测问题。     

基于并行通道-空间注意力机制的腹部MRI影像多尺度超分辨率重建

为了有效解决腹部磁共振成像（MRI）影像在超分辨率重建过程中因高频细节丢失引起的边界不明显、腹部器官显示不清晰以及单模型单尺度重建应用不方便等问题,提出了一种基于并行通道-空间注意力机制的多尺度超分辨率重建算法。首先,构造了并行通道-空间注意力残差块,通过空间注意力模块获取图像重点区域与高频信息的相关性,通过通道注意力模块获取图像各通道对关键信息响应程度的权重,同时拓宽网络的特征提取层以增加流入注意力模块的特征信息;此外,添加了权重归一化层,保证了网络的训练效率;最后,在网络末端应用多尺度上采样层,增加了网络的灵活性和可用性。实验结果表明,相较深层残差通道注意力超分辨率网络（RCAN）,所提算法在×2、×3、×4尺度下的峰值信噪比（PSNR）平均提高了0.68 dB。所提算法有效提升了图像的重建质量。     

基于CLIP和双空间自适应归一化的图像翻译

现有的图像翻译方法大多依赖数据集域标签来完成翻译任务,这种依赖往往限制了它们的应用范围。针对完全无监督图像翻译任务的方法能够解决域标签的限制问题,但是普遍存在源域信息丢失的现象。为了解决上述2个问题,提出一种基于对比学习语言-图像预训练(CLIP)的无监督图像翻译模型。首先,引入CLIP相似性损失对图像的风格特征施加约束,以在不使用数据集域标签的情况下增强模型传递图像风格信息的能力和准确性;其次,对自适应实例归一化(AdaIN)进行改进,设计一个新的双空间自适应归一化(DSAdaIN)模块,在特征的风格化阶段添加网络的学习和自适应交互过程,以加强对内容源域信息的保留;最后,设计一个鉴别器对比损失来平衡对抗网络损失的训练和优化过程。在多个公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与Star GANv2、Style DIS等模型相比,该模型可在准确传递图像风格信息的同时保留一定的源域信息,且在定量评估指标FID分数和KID分数上分别提升了近3.35和0.57×10²,实现了较好的图像翻译性能。     

基于并行通道-空间注意力机制的腹部MRI影像多尺度超分辨率重建

为了有效解决腹部磁共振成像（MRI）影像在超分辨率重建过程中因高频细节丢失引起的边界不明显、腹部器官显示不清晰以及单模型单尺度重建应用不方便等问题，提出了一种基于并行通道-空间注意力机制的多尺度超分辨率重建算法。首先，构造了并行通道-空间注意力残差块，通过空间注意力模块获取图像重点区域与高频信息的相关性，通过通道注意力模块获取图像各通道对关键信息响应程度的权重，同时拓宽网络的特征提取层以增加流入注意力模块的特征信息；此外，添加了权重归一化层，保证了网络的训练效率；最后，在网络末端应用多尺度上采样层，增加了网络的灵活性和可用性。实验结果表明，相较深层残差通道注意力超分辨率网络（RCAN），所提算法在×2、×3、×4尺度下的峰值信噪比（PSNR）平均提高了0.68 dB。所提算法有效提升了图像的重建质量。     

基于SSAE-SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

针对现有滚动轴承故障诊断方法过度依赖于有监督学习算法的问题,提出一种基于堆栈稀疏自编码和支持向量机(SSAE-SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.利用堆栈稀疏自编码(SSAE)的频域深层特征学习能力,对轴承故障特征进行快速傅里叶变换和批归一化处理,再输入到SSAE网络.所构建的SSAE网络通过贪婪算法逐层训练,使用梯度下降...     

基于多模板归一化的维吾尔文字母识别算法

该文针对手写维文字符识别中字符宽高比变化剧烈,单一模板归一化后提取字符特征,不能有效增加异类字符之间的差异性,提出了针对维文字形特点的多模板归一化算法。训练阶段,由多模板归一化字符图像,提取特征并训练对应分类器;识别阶段,用主笔画散度方向作为维文字形参数, 对不同字形选用最优模板进行归一化处理后提取特征,并送入该模板对应的分类器。多模版归一化有效利用了手写维文字符字形特征,克服了单模板归一化时异类维文字符差异减小的不利影响。实验结果表明多模板归一化算法较单模板归一化算法在识别性能上有所提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。