β-环糊精固载降解壳聚糖季铵盐型抗菌防霉剂的制备及应用

采用降解壳聚糖与十二烷基叔胺经季铵化合成的降解壳聚糖季铵盐(HDCC)为原料,经环氧化并固载β-环糊精制得抗菌防霉剂HDCC-CD。经红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)对其结构进行表征,取抑菌剂浓度为4g·L~(-1)不同固载量的HDCC-CD对黑曲霉进行抑菌防霉活性研究,结果表明,当固载量达到18μmol·g~(-1)时,黑曲霉抑菌率可达到79.6%,具有良好的抑菌防霉效果。     

糠醛改性O-季铵化壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其抗菌性能

在制备水溶性较好的O-季铵化壳聚糖基础上,进一步与糠醛反应制备O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱及还原产物O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖衍生物,用FTIR、1H NMR、EA（元素分析）、TG（热重分析）对产物进行表征。测定产物的最低抑菌浓度和抑菌率,并与O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱的抑菌效果进行比较。结果表明,产物对革兰氏阳性菌S.aureus的抗菌效果优于革兰氏阴性菌E. coli,在pH值5.5的条件下抗菌效果优于pH 值7.2。并且O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖的抗菌效果>O-季铵化-N-呋喃亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱>O-季铵化-N-苯亚甲基壳聚糖席夫碱 > O-季铵化-壳聚糖。研究表明,含呋喃杂环的壳聚糖衍生物的抗菌活性明显优于不含杂环的壳聚糖衍生物。     

季铵化/磺化壳聚糖的制备及其抗生物被膜活性

合成了N-(2-羟丙基-3-甲基氯化铵)壳聚糖（HTCC）、N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖（TMC）和N-(2-羟丙基磺酸钠)壳聚糖（HSCS）。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析对产物的结构进行表征，分别比较不同结构的壳聚糖季铵盐（HTCC和TMC）以及相似结构的壳聚糖季铵盐和壳聚糖磺酸盐（HTCC和HSCS）的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性。实验结果发现，将壳聚糖的氨基直接季铵化得到的壳聚糖季铵盐（TMC）的抑菌率和生物被膜清除率要优于接枝季铵化得到的壳聚糖季铵盐（HTCC），季铵化壳聚糖（HTCC）的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性要优于磺化壳聚糖（HSCS）。0.5mg/mL的TMC对E. coli和S. aureus的抑菌率分别为93.0%和100%。TMC在1/2MIC浓度时对E. coli和S. aureus的生物被膜形成抑制率分别为51.4%和41.5%。2.5mg/mL的TMC、HTCC和HSCS对E. coli的生物被膜去除率分别为49.1%、48.6%和21.2%，对S. aureus的生物被膜的去除率分别为85.1%、82.7%和81.8%。     

壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子改性亚麻织物染色

采用羟甲基二甲基氯化铵与伯羟基酰化N-乙酰化壳聚糖合成了低聚合度季铵型阳离子壳聚糖季铵盐(HBCC)。采用HBCC对亚麻织物整理后染色,研究结果表明,HBCC处理的亚麻织物上染率为41.0%,固色率为75.9%,水洗牢度达到5级,耐摩擦牢度达到5级。     

O-一氯均三嗪-N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖的合成及其在羊毛织物抗菌中的应用

采用甲醛甲酸法合成N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖（TMC）,再用三氯均三嗪与TMC反应,合成带有可与纤维反应的水溶性O-一氯均三嗪-N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖（MCT-TMC）。采用FTIR、XRD、热重和元素分析等对产物进行表征,并测试其抗菌性能。将产物对羊毛织物进行抗菌整理,研究整理时间和浓度等工艺条件对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,TMC和MCT-TMC具有较好的抗菌性能;将其用于羊毛织物抗菌整理的最佳工艺条件为：整理时间60min,整理浓度分别为3%（owf）和2%（owf）;经TMC整理的织物对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为97.8%和99.2%,MCT-TMC整理的织物对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为98.6%和99.8%。MCT-TMC整理羊毛织物的耐洗涤性能比TMC有显著提高,洗涤后抑菌率仍达到90%以上。     

季铵型聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其在亚麻织物染色中的应用

以丙烯酰胺为原料采取水溶液聚合法制备中间体聚丙烯酰胺,再以该中间体与N-羟甲基二甲胺和碘甲烷反应制备季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,通过测定其阳离子化度及红外光谱进行表征。将不同阳离子化度的季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺用于亚麻织物的染色研究,通过测定染色后织物的性能,研究季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺对亚麻织物染色性能的影响,实验结果表明,当季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的用量为1%,阳离子化度为26.07%,预处理后的亚麻织物上染率可达47.5%,与降解壳聚糖复配预处理后亚麻织物上染率可达51.0%。     

羟丙基壳聚糖、壳聚糖铈/银的合成、表征和抗菌性能研究

以壳聚糖和硝酸铈铵为原料,并对壳聚糖进行改性,合成了两种新型的配合物。通过红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、差热-热重分析、透射电镜等对合成物进行表征。由透射电镜照片发现合成物由分散的纳米颗粒组成。通过抗菌实验对其抑菌效果进行研究,结果表明这两种配合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑菌作用,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为130μg/mL,70μg/mL和75μg/mL,60μg/mL,属于广谱抗菌剂,抗菌效果明显优于单独的壳聚糖、羟丙基壳聚糖、稀土化合物。     

由茶皂素改性得到的季铵盐TSQA性能研究

以茶皂素为原料,与N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺反应,合成叔胺。再经3-氯-1,2-丙二醇季铵化,制备茶皂素季铵盐（TSQA）。在酰胺化反应中,n（茶皂素）∶n（N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺）=1∶2.5,在130℃反应10 h,转化率80.9%。在季铵化反应中,n（叔胺）∶n（3-氯-1,2-丙二醇）=1∶2～2.5,在80～90℃,反应5～7 h,转化率96.4%。测定了TSQA的表面张力及泡沫、润湿、乳化性能,其中,TSQA的CMC为0.311 9 g/L,γCMC为41.43 mN/m;同时测定了TSQA对大肠杆菌、酵母菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用,其抑菌性能均优于茶皂素。     

甲壳素衍生物的制备工艺

介绍了多种甲壳素衍生物的制备工艺和生产方法,包括壳聚糖、羧甲基甲壳素、羧甲基壳聚糖、乙酰化壳聚糖、羧丙（乙）基壳聚糖、微晶甲壳素及壳聚塘、盐酸氨基葡萄糖、甲壳素硫酸盐、溴化甲壳素、N-乙基壳聚糖、季铵化壳聚糖、壳聚糖接枝共聚产物等十多种。     

甲壳素接枝季鏻基杀菌混凝剂的合成及性能研究

以甲壳素、亚硫酰氯和三苯基膦为原料,经取代反应和双分子亲核加成反应,合成了具有良好混凝性能和杀菌性能的甲壳素接枝季鏻基杀菌混凝剂。通过正交实验确定最佳合成条件如下：反应物配比n（甲壳素）∶n（亚硫酰氯）∶n（三苯基膦）=1.0∶1.5∶1.5、反应温度60℃、反应时间8h、环己酮作溶剂,将其用于pH=6.0的高岭土模拟废水的混凝实验,去浊率达80%左右。4#实验合成得到的杀菌混凝剂在37℃的PBS缓冲溶液中对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为10mg.L-1,杀菌率达90%以上;当投药量为40mg.L-1时,对假丝酵母菌的杀菌率达90%以上。     

Studies in the development of antibacterial surfactants. I. institutional use of antibacterial fabric softeners

Summary It has been determined that the incorporation of a highly active antibacterial agent, phenylmercuric propionate, into an aqueous solution of a fabric softener of the quaternary ammonium type results in a most effective antibacterial laundry rinse additive. The presence of the quaternary ammonium compound appears to enhance the antibacterial activity of the mercurial. When applied at a level of 63 parts of available mercurial to one million parts of fabric, the treated cloth is rendered bacteriostatic to several strains ofS. aureus and to ammonia-producing organisms of theProteus group, also mildewstatic toChaetomium globosum. The formulated antibacterial softener as well as the treated linens appear to be entirely safe to humans. In longer-term application tests in a hospital laundry the total bacterial load carried by the soiled treated linens is practically zero. There is no excessive build-up of antibacterial agent on fabric upon repeated applications, and it is readily washed out of the fabric by conventional laundering.     

Study on antibacterial behavior of insoluble quaternary ammonium

Insoluble crosslinked polystyrenes (PS) grafted with different quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized as antibacterial agents. Their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by a colony count method. It was found that when the concentration of the insoluble antibacterial agent was low, the antibacterial activity was different from that of the typical soluble antibacterial agent. The antibacterial activity was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. A model for explanation of the antibacterial activity of the insoluble ammonium salt was set up. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

有机硅季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成工艺研究

首先以八甲基环四硅氧烷、氨乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料合成氨基聚硅氧烷,最佳反应温度为130℃、反应时间为4 h;再经季铵化制得有机硅季铵盐抗菌整理剂,最佳反应条件为：反应温度80℃、反应时间4 h、氨基聚硅氧烷与季铵化试剂摩尔比1：2.0。织物抗菌整理实验表明,整理后的织物具有良好的抗菌性能,当抗菌整理剂用量为1...     

微孔聚丙烯膜表面壳聚糖季铵盐的共价修饰及其抗菌性能

为了赋予微孔聚丙烯膜（MPPM）抗菌能力,增强其抗污染性能,本文通过丙烯酸的光引发接枝聚合、壳聚糖与聚丙烯酸的酰胺化反应、壳聚糖胺基与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵的开环加成,成功地在MPPM膜表面通过共价修饰技术构建了壳聚糖季铵盐修饰层。构建过程通过FTIR、XPS和荧光素二钠盐染色分析得到了证实。静态水接触角和吸水量实验结果表明,制得的修饰膜具有优异的表面润湿性和吸水性,吸水量可达11.23mg/cm²,为未修饰MPPM的1123倍。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为代表,采用平板活菌计数法考察了修饰膜的抗菌性能和抗菌稳定性。研究结果表明,修饰膜具有良好的抗菌活性,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率可达98%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率可达100%,且抗菌效果稳定,在水处理领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium salt-type antibacterial agents with a phosphate group

Quaternary ammonium salts are frequently used as antibacterial agent that disrupts cell membrane through the binding of their ammonium cations to anionic sites in the outer layer tissue of bacteria. This article describes the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt-type antibacterial agents with a phosphate group that strongly binds to hydroxyapatite and bromide ion as counterion. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC test) showed that the compounds exhibit an excellent antibacterial activity on a variety of bacteria including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi.     

有机硅季铵盐的合成方法及应用

有机硅季铵盐是一类新型阳离子表面活性剂,它除有机硅所具有的质地柔软、生理惰性、表面张力低、耐高温及防水透气等特点外,还具有季铵盐的杀菌、抑菌功能。本文详细综述了有机硅季铵盐的应用及合成方法,同时对各种合成方法进行了评价,并展望了有机硅季铵盐的发展趋向。     

双季铵盐改性医用PVC抗菌材料

为了解决聚氯乙烯（PVC）医用耗材在使用过程中易被细菌感染问题,采用一步法合成了一种新型抗菌剂——C_8?6?8双季铵盐（GQAS）,并将其作为添加剂与PVC粒料进行物理共混和压片,制成了一种抗菌性能良好的改性PVC材料。采用核磁共振波谱仪（¹H?NMR）、热重分析仪（TG）、菌落计数仪和电子万能材料试验机对GQAS的结构和热稳定性以及改性PVC材料的抗菌性能、溶出能力和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,GQAS与PVC共混时不会因加热而分解;GQAS含量为5 %（质量分数,下同）的改性PVC材料可以有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长;在被浸泡7 d后,GQAS含量为5 %的改性PVC材料仍具有不错的抗菌能力;2 %或5 %GQAS改性PVC材料的拉伸强度（23.3或18.9 MPa）和断裂伸长率（318.8 %或295.3 %）与纯PVA（24.6 MPa,341.5 %）相比均有所下降,但总体仍在可接受范围。     

Role of virucides in controlling virus dissemination by fabrics

Vaccinia virus, a lipophilic agent containing deoxyribonucleic acid, and poliovirus, a hydrophilic ribonucleic acid virus, persisted on wool and cotton fabrics for varying periods up to 20 weeks, which was of sufficient duration to be of epidemiological significance. The length of persistence of each virus varied with the type of fabric, humidity and method of exposure to the virus. A group of quaternary ammonium salts and bromosalicylanilides were evaluated quantitatively for virucidal activity against these viruses in a cell culture system. None of the compounds was active against poliovirus, but three of the quaternary ammonium compounds significantly inactivated vaccinia virus. Impregnation of wool and cotton fabrics with one of these compounds resulted in a marked decrease in vaccinia virus persistence. Both polio and vaccinia viruses persisted for less than five days on a cotton fabric finished with a modified triazone resin to impart a wash-and-wear property. Cotton fabric contaminated with vaccinia or with poliovirus was laundered with an anionic detergent and a nonionic detergent. This laundering reduced but did not eliminate the virus. Sterile fabric was contaminated with virus when laundered with the virus-containing fabrics. Drying the fabrics for 20 hr after laundering reduced the virus titers to below detectable limits. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York, October, 1968.