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与采用低温费托合成主产油品技术相比,产品更为多元化和高值化的高温费托合成技术在目前市场环境下显示出非常明显的优势。本文综述了高温费托合成技术的发展历程及其最新进展,重点介绍了高温费托合成过程中的核心问题,主要包括高温费托合成工艺、固定流化床反应器、费托合成催化剂;介绍了高温费托合成产物分布与特性,讨论了高温费托合成产物的加工路线,并对高温费托合成煤间接液化的工业应用前景和产业化方向进行了展望。结果表明:高温费托合成技术具有产物附加值高、兼顾油品和化学品、技术发展成熟等优势,产物中轻组分含量高、碳数分布较窄、高附加值的α-烯烃含量高;精细化、高端化、差异化加工是实现高温费托合成产物高值化利用的关键。 相似文献
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介绍费托合成及煤间接液化产业的发展现状,重点分析可生产低碳烯烃和高附加值含氧化合物的高温铁基费托合成技术,可生产高品质润滑油基础油和高熔点费托蜡的低温铁基、钴基费托合成技术,可定向生成低碳烯烃或含氧化合物的新型费托合成技术如合成气直接制备低碳烯烃、低温水相费托合成等,指出煤间接液化的发展方向为发展产品结构向特种化学品倾斜的费托合成技术,成熟路线要以低温钴基为发展方向、低温为主、高温铁基为辅;新型技术要大力发展,开拓费托合成独有的特种产品结构,提高竞争能力并增强抵御石油市场波动的能力。 相似文献
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《合成材料老化与应用》2017,(5)
费托合成是煤炭间接液化的核心反应,生成烃类产品的同时产生大量的反应水以及含氧有机物,包括醇、醛、酸、酮、酯等,对这些含氧有机物组分分析手段有气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、离子色谱等;含氧有机物的分离回收无论是对间接液化技术的经济效益还是对环保都具有重要意义。该文综述了现有费托合成水相中含氧化合物的分析和分离研究,并指出了产品分析标准建立的迫切性和反应水分离工艺研究的重要性。 相似文献
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《洁净煤技术》2021,27(4)
我国能源结构以煤炭为主,石油、天然气对外依存度逐年升高,为了缓解能源供需矛盾和保障国家能源安全,我国煤化工行业正面临着新的挑战与机遇。基于费托合成的煤炭间接液化技术是缓解石油资源紧张和促进煤炭资源清洁高效利用的有效方法之一。费托(F-T)合成浆态床反应器后过滤系统会产生大量的固体废弃物费托合成渣蜡,其中含有40%~60%石蜡,长期存放易蓄热自燃,是一种相对危险的固废。目前对于费托合成渣蜡的处理方式主要是将其掺烧或掩埋,造成了极大的资源浪费及安全隐患。介绍了费托合成浆态床技术,费托合成渣蜡的形成及存在问题等。综述了国内外对于费托合成渣蜡回收利用的研究进展,分析对比了离心法、表面活性剂法、过热蒸汽喷射法、超声波处理法、萃取和热解技术对于回收石蜡的优势与局限性,提出了采用多种分离技术耦合可以在减少石蜡化学结构破坏的基础上提高石蜡回收率的思路。回收石蜡后的废白土可作为建筑、陶瓷、橡胶填料等再利用,或再生为新鲜白土用作染料吸附和漂白剂等。对废弃渣蜡进行资源化利用和无害化处理既可以回收优质石蜡,又可以缓解资源紧缺及环境污染问题。开发操作简单、利用率高、不产生二次污染且具有一定经济效益的综合利用路线,是费托合成渣蜡资源化利用的有效途径和迫切需求。 相似文献
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《化工进展》2017,(1)
在气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析出高温费托合成C_8馏分所有组分的基础上,以乙醇水溶液为溶剂,采用共沸精馏法对高温费托合成C_8馏分脱含氧化合物。采用PRO-Ⅱ选择NRTL热力学方法对分离过程进行模拟,建立了共沸精馏分离工艺流程,并考察了共沸剂水含量、理论塔板数、进料位置等工艺条件对共沸精馏塔分离结果的影响,得到了最优操作条件,然后采用实验室小型精馏塔对高温费托合成C_8馏分进行实验验证。结果表明,塔顶采出液中未检测出含氧化合物,塔釜采出液中1-辛烯含量小于0.1%(质量分数),模拟最优条件为:共沸剂水含量为14%(质量分数),溶剂比为1.2∶1,理论塔板数30块、进料位置为第17块。实验与模拟值吻合良好。 相似文献
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介绍了费托合成产物及分子蒸馏技术的特点,费托合成产物具有正构烷烃含量高,不含硫、氮、芳烃的特点,是生产高级费托蜡产品的优质原料,但只通过传统的实沸点蒸馏、减压精馏等技术难以实现费托蜡的精细分切。分子蒸馏技术具有真空度高、物料受热时间短、受热温度低、分离程度高的优点,适合分离高沸点及热敏性物质。综述了分子蒸馏技术在费托蜡分切中的应用进展,并提出了我国费托蜡的发展建议。 相似文献
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粉煤灰如何资源化利用已成为人们研究的热点,因其组成中含有大量的硅和铝成分,粉煤灰被开发用来制备高附加值的沸石产品.本文综述了X型分子筛的特点与应用情况,介绍了合成原理.总结了利用粉煤灰合成NaX型分子筛的传统方法和新工艺,如水热合成法,碱熔融法,碱熔-脱硅法等.分析了沸石合成过程中的影响因素,主要包括粉煤灰组成、加碱煅烧、反应配比、晶化时间和温度.探讨了未来研究的方向,上述分析为今后应用粉煤灰合成X型分子筛提供理论依据. 相似文献
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生物质在高温无氧条件下热解可以生成富含高附加值化学品和燃油成分的生物油。有效分离技术和高效提取手段的发展是生物油质量提升的关键。基于此,本文在介绍生物油性质与生物质快速热解工艺的同时,对目前国内外的生物油分离技术如蒸馏、液-液萃取、柱色谱、超临界萃取、膜分离等进行了较为详细的分析和评述。常规蒸馏和溶剂萃取等技术,工艺成熟、操作简单,但存在生物油的热敏性差、萃取剂回收难度大和污染严重等问题;分子蒸馏技术分离过程安全环保,但工艺复杂,设备成本高;超临界萃取和膜分离等技术安全环保,技术成熟,具有较大的潜力。文章还综述了目前生物油中具有高附加值的组分和单一化学品的分离提取研究进展,为生物油的有效分离和高效利用提供了理论参考,也为未来生物油分离技术的发展提供了研发方向。 相似文献
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Amitava Sarkar Robert A. Keogh Shiqi Bao Burtron H. Davis 《Applied Catalysis A: General》2008,341(1-2):146-153
Reaction pathways for oxygenates, acetic acid, ethylene glycol (EG), 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) and 1,2-diethoxyethane (1,2-DEE) added during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over a doubly promoted fused iron catalysts were studied. The addition of acetic acid, EG and 2-EE affected only slightly the CO conversion but resulted in a significant reduction in H2 conversion while addition of 1,2-DEE results in slight increase in both H2 and CO conversion. Addition of these oxygenates caused a large decrease in the alkene ratio for C2 hydrocarbons as compared to an increase for the C3 and C4 hydrocarbons suggesting a direct formation pathway of ethane from added oxygenate molecules. The 1-alkene/2-alkene fraction was found to increase significantly when these oxygenates were added and then return to the original value once the addition is terminated, indicating inhibition of secondary reactions of 1-alkene by added oxygenates. Added acetic acid reversibly increased the CO2 production rate while EG, 2-EE and 1,2-DEE reversibly decreased the CO2 selectivity. Addition of these oxygenates reduced the production rate of methane. Addition of acetic acid and 1,2-DEE decreased methanol selectivity significantly while added EG results in a significant increase in methanol production. In the case of 2-EE addition, methanol selectivity was nearly constant. Reaction of acetic acid during FTS was found to produce products such as ethyl butanoate, ethylene glycol and its ether, 1,2-diethoxyethane, which are not generally observed in the normal FTS product spectrum. Addition of EG results in a significant increase in the production rate of 1,2-DEE only and no measurable amount of 2-EE was found. While addition of 2-EE caused a significant increase in the production rate of glycol, the addition of 1,2-DEE indicated a significant increase in 2-EE production rate without any measurable change in EG selectivity. The results suggest that acetic acid undergoes some CC bond rupture while 2-EE and 1,2-DEE undergoes cleavage of the ether linkage (COC bond). On the contrary, EG undergoes fast and equally probable COC chain growth in both terminal positions. The results indicate that neither of these oxygenates is a significant intermediate in FTS with an iron catalyst. Product distribution in most of the oxygenate compounds are consistent with hydrogenation of the added oxygenate to acetaldehyde and/or ethanol as primary products followed by secondary reaction of these two primary oxygenate products. 相似文献
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Jong-Hyeok Oh Jong Wook Bae Seon-Ju Park P. K. Khanna Ki-Won Jun 《Catalysis Letters》2009,130(3-4):403-409
The catalytic performance of Co/γ-Al2O3, Co/SiO2 and Co/TiO2 catalysts has been investigated in a slurry-phase Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). Although Co/SiO2 catalyst shows higher CO conversion than the other catalysts, the intrinsic activity is much higher on Co/TiO2 due to large pore size and low deactivation of large cobalt particles by reoxidation mechanism. Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst confirms low formation rate of oxygenates and C5+ selectivity because of deactivation of catalyst due to catalyst aggregation and reoxidation by the in situ generated water during the FTS reaction. Long-chain hydrocarbons such as wax formed during FTS reaction generally contains water and trace amount of oxygenate which are conducive to the formation of a macro-emulsion of wax products. Formation of such macro-emulsion on the catalyst suggests that the presence of proper amount of alcohol content derived FTS reaction on large pore of catalyst inhibits the catalyst aggregation. The intrinsic activity (turn-over frequency; TOF) of cobalt-based catalysts, in a slurry-phase FTS reaction, is affected by the average pore size of catalyst, cobalt particle size, degree of reduction of cobalt species and possible reoxidation by in situ generated water. 相似文献
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从源头减碳、过程控碳、末端碳捕集封存和碳资源高附加值利用四个方面,分析了现代煤化工产业低碳发展的技术路径、对降低碳排放的效果以及未来应用前景。文中指出:源头减碳技术路径包括原料结构调整和能源结构调整,引入富氢和绿氢资源与煤炭进行碳氢互补,提高煤炭利用效率,并通过气代煤、电代煤,尤其利用弃风、弃电,可显著降低碳排放和工艺生产成本;过程控碳技术路径包括节能提效和开发革新技术,依靠现代煤化工技术进步,突破传统工艺瓶颈,是当前企业易于实施、应用较多的节能减排方式;末端碳捕集封存技术路径包括地质深层掩埋、驱油、强化深部咸水开采等,将工艺过程产生的高浓度CO2通过低成本捕集,有效提高油气采收率,并为水资源匮乏地区提供额外供水;碳资源高附加值利用技术路径主要包括CO2化学转化制高附加值及大宗化学品,国内正加快CO2制低碳烯烃、芳烃、甲醇、碳酸酯的技术研发与示范应用,努力将CO2从化石能源利用的终结排放者转化为碳循环利用的参与者,发展碳循环经济,减少碳排放。最后提出:未来将现代煤化工融入能源系统的大格局统筹考虑,推... 相似文献
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随着三元复合驱采油技术在油田的广泛应用,三元复合驱采出水产量不断增加。三元复合驱采出水水质复杂,具有矿化度高、黏度大、含油乳化程度高、小油滴含量高、油水分离困难等特点,对油田生产和环境的影响日益严重。因此,开展三元复合驱采出水高效处理方法的研究成为一项重要的任务。本文分析了影响三元复合驱采出水油水分离特性的各种因素,介绍了目前国内应用于三元采出水处理的先进技术,如膜分离法、气浮选分离法、高级氧化法、微生物法等,阐述了这些处理技术的优势及存在的问题,重点介绍了气浮选分离法和微生物法在三元采出水处理中的应用情况,并对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水现场处理工艺进行了介绍,最后对今后的研究工作提出了一些展望。 相似文献
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Direct cost-effective conversion of abundant methane to high value-added oxygenates (methanol,formic acid,acetic acid,etc.) under mild conditions is prospective for optimizing the structure of energy resources.However,the C-H bond of products is more reactive than that of high thermodynamic stable methane.Exploring an appropriate approach to eliminate the "seesaw effect" between methane conver-sion and oxygenate selectivity is significant.In this review,we briefly summarize the research progress in the past decade on low-temperature direct conversion of methane to oxygenates in gas-solid-liquid phase over various transition metal (Fe,Cu,Rh,Pd,AuPd,etc.) based nanoparticle or single-atom catalyst.Furthermore,the prospects of catalyst design and catalysis process are also discussed. 相似文献
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Qingpeng Cheng Yunhao Liu Shuaishuai Lyu Ye Tian Qingxiang Ma Xingang Li 《中国化学工程学报》2021,35(7):220-230
For supported metal catalyst systems,the impact on catalysis originates from the interaction between metal nanoparticles and their support.Metal-support interactions (MSI) can change electronic properties,geometric morphologies,or chemical compositions of metal nanoparticles to make active sites have specific properties and catalytic activities.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is one of the most effective ways to convert cheap non-petroleum-based carbon sources into high value-added chemicals or ultra-clean liquid fuels.In this review,we summarize and classify the impact of MSI on the catalytic activity,selectivity and stability of FTS catalysts.The strategies to tune MSI are introduced in detail,and the recent development of high-efficiency FTS catalysts through the manipulation of SMI strategies has been high-lighted.It is emphasized that the active metal sites,which are endowed with special functions by MSI,can change the strength of adsorption bond of adsorbates,consequently controlling the product distribution. 相似文献
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煤制气废水处理技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了煤制气废水的产生、水质特点,其治理难题表现在:水质复杂、难降解有机物含量高和毒性大。从煤制气废水治理技术的物化预处理、生物处理和深度处理三方面综述了国内外有关煤制气废水处理技术的研究现状、发展趋势及工程应用情况,并着重分析各处理技术的优缺点和在应用中存在的问题,即蒸氨和脱酚工艺的优化、发挥厌氧工艺的作用、废水生物脱氮过程的抑制、高级氧化和膜分离技术的应用。展望了煤制气废水处理技术的未来研究方向,指出物化和生物处理技术的优化组合是煤制气废水处理技术的必然发展趋势,为解决煤制气产业发展的废水治理瓶颈提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献