PBS/剑麻复合材料制备与性能研究

利用蒸汽爆破预处理剑麻纤维(SESF)作为增强体,通过模压成型制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/SESF复合材料,研究了SESF质量分数对复合材料力学性能的影响。对比了在剑麻纤维质量分数为30%的条件下,和未经预处理的2种剑麻纤维制得的复合材料的力学性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对试样进行观察分析。结果表明,随着SESF质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先增大后减小,在SESF质量分数为30%时达到最大值,比纯PBS的提高了15.5%;弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随剑麻纤维质量分数的增大而提高,其中弯曲强度在SESF质量分数为30%时的比纯PBS的提高了132.5%;断裂伸长率和冲击强度随着SESF质量分数的增加而降低。     

聚丙烯/剑麻纤维复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/剑麻纤维(SF)复合材料,用扫描电镜和力学性能测试等方法研究了复合材料的结构和性能,探讨了SF长度和用量对复合材料力学性能和熔体流动性的影响。结果表明:SF的加入可降低PP/SF复合材料的冲击强度和熔体流动速率;SF以6 mm长度为宜;随着SF用量的增加,PP/SF复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,当SF用量为15%时,PP/SF复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最高,分别为39.7和30.2 MPa,冲击强度为2.6 kJ/m~2,熔体流动速率为1.3 g/10min。     

聚乳酸/聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同PE含量的PLA/PE复合材料,研究了PE含量对复合材料的力学性能、熔融与结晶行为、耐热性能、动态流变性能与微观结构的影响。结果表明,随着PE含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量降低,复合材料的断裂伸长率、冲击强度得到提升,当PE含量为90%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率达到614.9%,与PLA相比,提高了92倍,试样无法冲断,材料的抗冲击韧性得到显著提高,PE使PLA结晶性能和结晶度提高,维卡软化点温度提升,当PE含量为90%时,复合材料的维卡软化点温度为85.3℃,与PLA相比,提高了44.3%,复合材料的耐热性和热稳定性显著提升,复合材料的复数黏度明显增大,PE的加入影响了PLA大分子链的松弛过程。     

剑麻纤维/聚合物复合材料研究进展

主要概述了剑麻纤维(SF)的表面处理方法、SF增强热塑性聚合物及热固性聚合物复合材料的结构及性能,指出了SF增强聚合物复合材料今后的研究与发展方向。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备与研究

综述了聚合物基纳米复合材料的分类及制备方法．分别从无机纳米粒子改性、蒙脱土插层改性以及碳纳米管改性等方面阐述了近年来聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究状况。纳米粒子团聚是聚合物基纳米复合材料制备过程中存在的主要问题之一。实现工业化是聚合物基纳米复合材料的发展方向。     

石墨烯/聚乙烯高性能复合材料的制备与性能表征

采用液相超声分散热压制备了氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯(GO/PE)复合材料,研究了GO的微观结构,及GO/PE复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能、显微硬度及耐摩擦性能。对比纯PE与GO/PE复合材料可以发现,添加GO,复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能、显微硬度和耐磨性能有了明显提高,显微硬度的增加减少了PE及其复合材料与金属表面的有效接触面积,提高了材料的摩擦性能。     

聚乙烯/氮化铝纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

制备了聚乙烯/氮化铝纳米复合材料,研究了氮化铝对聚乙烯纳米复合材料力学性能、导热性能和热性能的影响。研究结果表明,氮化铝可以显著提高聚乙烯纳米复合材料的力学性能和导热性能。随着氮化铝用量的增加纳米复合材料的力学性能先增加后降低,当添加质量分数为9%的氮化铝时,聚乙烯纳米复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度比纯聚乙烯分别提高了47.16%、31.48%和51.68%。聚乙烯纳米复合材料的导热系数和热稳定性能随着氮化铝用量的增加而提高。利用SEM对复合材料增强机理进行了探讨。     

高密度聚乙烯/硅酸钙复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了不同含量高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)/硅酸钙(Ca Si O3)复合材料,并采用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯作为相容剂对该复合材料进行改性,研究了相容剂含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着相容剂含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能先增加后保持不变,综合考虑,相容剂含量为10份时,对复合材料的力学性能改性效果最佳。然后以此相容剂含量为基准,研究了Ca Si O3含量对复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果显示,随着Ca Si O3含量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度增加,拉伸强度先下降后上升,氧指数略有增加,垂直燃烧性能变化不大。这表明Ca Si O3的填充对PE–HD具有较好的增韧效果,对阻燃性能也有一定提高。     

聚乙烯/高岭土复合材料的制备及性能

采用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂复配,对高岭土表面进行改性,将复配偶联剂改性的高岭土与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)熔融共混,制备了LDPE/改性高岭土复合材料,研究了复配改性高岭土含量对其力学性能、热力学性能、电性能及微观形貌的影响.结果 表明,随着复配偶联剂改性高岭土含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度基本保持不变,当复配偶联剂改...     

The effect of maleic anhydride grafting efficiency on the flexural properties of polyethylene composites

Many authors have reported on the property enhancements possible by compounding high density polyethylene (HDPE) with fillers to produce composites. It is accepted that polyethylene combined with materials such as nanoclay or wood flour will not yield favorable properties unless a compatibilizing material is used to form a link. In this work, compatibilized HDPE was produced by grafting maleic anhydride (MA) to its backbone in a twin screw extruder using a peroxide initiated reactive process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the effects of varying peroxide and MA levels on the grafting percentage and it was found that a high percentage could be achieved. The gel content of each HDPE‐g‐MA batch was determined and twin bore rheometry analysis was carried out to examine the effects of crosslinking and MA grafting on the melt viscosity. These HDPE‐g‐MA compatibilizers were subsequently compounded with nanoclay and wood flour to produce composites. The composite materials were tested using a three point bending apparatus to determine the flexural modulus and strength and were shown to have favorable mechanical properties when compared with composites containing no compatibilizer. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the effects of grafted MA content on the intercalation and exfoliation levels of nanoclay composites. The results from XRD scans showed that increased intercalation in polymer nanoclay composites was achieved by increasing the grafted MA content. This was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope, where images produced showed increased levels of dispersion and reductions in nanoclay agglomerates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Study of the conductive paths of carbon-black-filled polyethylene composites by the alternating-current impedance method

Conductive carbon-black (CB)-filled polyethylene composites were prepared after irradiation with a cobalt 60 source. The conductive composites were characterized by alternating-current impedance spectroscopy, and the conductive mechanism of the conductive composites was analyzed in terms of a mathematical model. The values of the conductive ability, conductive style, sum of the electrical resistance of the continuous CB chains, electrical resistivity of the CB chains with one gap or a few small gaps, room-temperature resistance, and slopes of the conductive composites were calculated. The investigation indicated that there existed continuous (contacting)-path CB chains, small-gap chains, and larger gap CB chains inthe composites, and the conductive paths in the composites were considered to be a three-dimensional network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Electrical and thermal phenomena in low-density polyethylene/carbon black composites near the percolation threshold

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/carbon black (CB) composites were fabricated via melt-compounding technique. The percolation threshold was found to be around 20 wt % CB, and an electrical network formed by conductive CB was proven by scanning electron microscopy investigation. Dielectric responses depicted an interfacial relaxation peak at 20 wt % CB content. LDPE/CB composites showed an electric field-dependent conductivity as and a hysteresis behavior around the percolation threshold region. The CB particles with high thermal conductivity increased the heat conductance of the LDPE/CB20 up to 56%. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the LDPE/CB composites exhibited a noticeable contribution of CB throughout the composites, increasing the storage and loss modulus. The physical interactions between CB particles in the filler network enhanced the thermal degradation of the LDPE/CB25 composite for more than 76°C. The maximum breakdown strength of the LDPE/CB composites appeared with an approximately 10% improvement for LDPE/CB5 than pure LDPE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47043.     

聚乙二醇改性双马来酰亚胺-三嗪树脂/玻璃纤维布复合材料的热性能

聚乙二醇对树脂基玻璃纤维布复合材料增韧具有优良的效果,但其柔性链段的分子结构本质极大影响了复合材料的耐热性能。本文以聚乙二醇为改性剂制备了聚乙二醇/BT树脂/玻璃纤维布复合材料,系统研究了不同分子链长度以及不同含量的聚乙二醇对复合材料热性能的影响。研究结果表明：聚乙二醇的加入降低了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度、5%热失重温度以及800 ℃残炭率。在聚乙二醇相对分子质量为4000时,复合材料的热性能出现最大值。随聚乙二醇含量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性能逐步下降。由于聚乙二醇、BT树脂、玻璃纤维布之间较大的界面结合力,使基体树脂的链运动受到一定程度的限制,一定程度上缓解了由于聚乙二醇的加入而使复合材料的热稳定性能下降的趋势。研究结果为合理添加聚乙二醇而提高复合材料的韧性提供了热性能方面的参考依据。     

Development of a melt‐extrudable biobased soy flour/polyethylene blend for multilayer film applications

Monolayer and multilayer films from biobased linear low‐density polyethylene and milled soy flour were produced through cast film coextrusion processes using conventional thermoplastic processing equipment. Films containing 10 and 20% by weight of soy flour milled to maximum particle sizes of 8, 11, and 22 µm were extruded and characterized as a packaging film material. Water resistance, tensile properties, and gas permeability were measured on each film and analyzed with respects to the soy particle size, soy loading, and layer configuration in the multilayer film structure. Mechanical properties results indicated that ultimate elongation of the soy‐containing films decreased by as much as 14% compared to the control, while tensile strength and maximum load testing did not reveal any identifiable trends. Monolayer soy‐containing film showed high moisture sensitivity, as measured by contact angle and absorption testing, while the multilayer films demonstrated a more hydrophobic nature as indicated by higher contact angle measurements. This increase in hydrophobic properties is due to protective polyolefin skin layers, which are more hydrophobic. Oxygen transmission rates of the multilayer films decreased by 38% due to the presence of soy flour as compared to the control that did not contain any soy flour. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40707.     

Tensile properties of short sisal fiber-reinforced polyethylene composites

Sisal fibers (Agave-Veracruz) have been used as reinforcements in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The influence of the processing method and the effect of fiber content, fiber length, and orientation on tensile properties of the composites have been evaluated. The fiber damage that normally occurs during blending of fiber and polyethylene by the meltmixing method is avoided by adopting a solution-mixing procedure. The tensile properties of the composites thus prepared show a gradual increase with fiber content. The properties also increased with fiber length, to a maximum at a fiber length of about 6 mm. Unidirectional alignment of the short fibers achieved by an extrusion process enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of the composites along the axis of fiber alignment by more than twofold compared to randomly oriented fiber composites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fabrication of polyethylene/graphite nanocomposite from modified expanded graphite

A novel process was employed to fabricate a polymer/expanded graphite nanocomposite by modifying the conducting filler expanded graphite (EG) with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The modified expanded graphite (MEG) was prepared from EG in which the graphite nanosheets, already present in EG, were wrapped and isolated by the UPR during processing. The as‐prepared MEG was reduced to powder form to improve its dispersion in the matrix. MEG powders were embedded into a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix via melt‐extrusion in a single‐screw extruder to prepare the conducting composite. The as‐prepared HDPE/EG conducting composite exhibited a low percolation threshold of ～5.7 wt% due to the high aspect ratio of graphite nanosheets. Mechanical properties such as the tensile and impact strength were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of EG, MEG powder and the resulting nanocomposites. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Processing and thermal properties of composites based on recycled PET,sisal fibers,and renewable plasticizers

This investigation focuses on the preparation of bio‐based composites from recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and sisal fibers (3 cm, 15 wt %), via thermopressing process. Plasticizers derived from renewable raw materials are used, namely, glycerol, tributyl citrate (TBC) and castor oil (CO), to decrease the melting point of the recycled PET (T_m ∼ 265°C), which is sufficiently high to initiate the thermal decomposition of the lignocellulosic fiber. All used materials are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and the composites are also characterized via dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The storage modulus (30°C) and the tan δ peak values of CT [PET/sisal/TBC] indicate that TBC also acts as a compatibilizing agent at the interface fiber/PET, as well as a plasticizer. To compare different processing methods, rheometry/thermopressing and compression molding are used to prepare the recycled PET/sisal/glycerol/CO composites. These two different methods of processing show no significant influence on the thermal properties of these composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40386.     

Electrically conductive polymer composites: polymerization of acetylene in polyethylene

Composites of low density polyethylene, LDPE, and polyacetylene, (CH)_x, were prepared by polymerization of acetylene in LDPE films impregnated with a $\text{Ti(OBu)}{}_4\text{Et}{}_3\text{Al}$ Ziegler-Natta catalyst. LDPE films were immersed in a toluene solution of this catalyst at 70°C to accomplish impregnation. Polymerization of acetylene in the LDPE films was carried out at 100°–110°C. The resulting composite films remain flexible and tough upon prolonged air exposure and those containing <ca. 5 wt.% (CH)_x soften upon heating to 120°–160°C. The films can be rendered conductive upon exposure to a 2 wt%. solution of l₂ in pentane. Ultimate conductivities of ca. 10Ω^?1cm^?1 can be obtained. The conductivities of the doped composites decay more slowly as compared with l₂-doped (CH)_x films. The synthetic approach, with some simple modifications, can be used in the construction of many electrically conductive, all-polymer composites having a combination of desirable physical, mechanical and electrical properties.     

Preparation and properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene/near infrared reflective pigment composites

Polyethylene terephthalate/high density polyethylene (PET/HDPE) composites containing a near infrared reflective (NIR, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile) pigment was prepared using ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate‐vinyl acetate (EGMA‐VA) as a compatibilizer to increase the infrared reflection of PET/HDPE and limit the thermal heat accumulation in light of environmental and energy conservation concerns. HDPE was premixed with NIR to form N‐HDPE masterbatch. A good interfacial bonding between PET matrix and HDPE dispersed phase with the help of compatibilizer was confirmed through Fourier transform‐infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and torque rheometer. For PET/N‐HDPE composites, the major X‐ray diffraction peaks and melting behaviors remained unchanged, indicating the limited alternation of crystalline structure for the composite systems with or without compatibilizer. The observed increment in the crystallization temperature of PET for the investigated PET/N‐HDPE composites was mainly due to the nucleation role of both inorganic NIR and HDPE. Tensile strength and elongation at break for compatibilized cases at various N‐HDPE contents conferred higher values than those of the corresponding counterparts without compatibilizer. Yet, Young's modulus for compatibilized systems was about 40% lower than that for systems without compatibilizer, attributed to the rubbery nature of EGMA‐VA. With the inclusion of NIR into HDPE to form PET/N‐HDPE composites with or without EGMA‐VA compatibilizer, the values of reflectance increased to a great degree. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40830.