共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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电渗析苦咸水淡化技术具有脱盐效果好、成本较低、绿色环保等优点,但存在制膜工艺繁琐、传质模型不够精确、能效有待提升等问题。本文首先分析了苦咸水电渗析用离子交换膜的制备及改性方法,对膜材料存在的问题进行了探讨。综述对比了苦咸水电渗析在简化模型、理论模型、半经验模型方面的原理及最新进展,系统总结了常规苦咸水电渗析过程的运行方式和工艺优化策略,并进一步介绍了以新型电去离子、冲击电渗析、可再生能源驱动电渗析为代表的新型电渗析过程在苦咸水淡化方面的原理及应用。在此基础上,提出了今后的研究方向集中于降低制膜成本、优化传质模型、探究集成膜法淡化工艺以及新型电渗析过程等方面。 相似文献
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电渗析中的膜污染及其控制方法研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
电渗析作为一种膜分离技术,因其不消耗药品、无废液产生已被广泛用于盐溶液脱盐及环境和生物技术工业领域,但膜污染始终是限制电渗析技术应用的主要因素.从引起电渗析过程中膜污染的物质、膜及料液性质、操作条件等方面分析了膜污染的成因和污染后果,并对电渗析过程中膜污染的分析方法及防治措施进行了较为详细的综述. 相似文献
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电泳膜接触器(EMC)是在传统电渗析器中引入多孔膜,或用多孔膜代替部分离子交换膜的一种新型膜分离技术,其中多孔膜作为两液流的接触界面,提供传质的场所,垂直于液流方向的电场是唯一的驱动力。本文介绍了EMC的工作原理,并简要概述了EMC的膜堆构型及运行模式。详细分析了进料液pH值、电场强度等操作参数、多孔膜的材质和截留相对分子质量等对EMC过程传质的影响,且对EMC运行过程中多孔膜的污染状况进行了探讨,并展望了EMC在生物大分子分离和纯化中的应用潜力。EMC中多孔膜的引入,使得EMC可以用于相对分子质量大于500 Da的生物分子的分离与纯化,进一步拓宽了电渗析的应用领域,而外加电场的作用能够有效减轻多孔膜的污染,因此,EMC在生物分子的分离与纯化方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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一、概述膜分离过程是六十年代初发展起来的新兴分离技术,主要包括反渗透、超滤、微滤、电渗析以及气体的渗透分离等。它的原理是利用膜的选择透过性而使不同的物质得到分离。反渗透是通过外压克服溶液的渗透压而使溶液中的溶剂从高浓度溶液透过膜流向低浓度溶液,溶液则被膜截留。自从1960年Loeb和Souirajan发明了第一张具有高选择性和高透水率的不对称醋酸纤维素膜后才使反渗透过程进入实用阶段。反渗透主要用于苦咸水和海水淡化,因 相似文献
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基于热质传递解耦特性的溶液除湿过程传热传质系数(Ⅰ)模型与Le-hD分离测量法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
溶液除湿过程是溶液除湿空调系统中的一个非常重要的耦合传热传质过程。本文对填料塔结构的溶液除湿器建立了一种NTU-Le模型,并基于此模型得到了溶液除湿过程传热传质特性——Lewis数对空气出口含湿量基本无影响,提出一种溶液除湿耦合热质传递过程的热质传递解耦方法——Le -hD分离测量法,来测定溶液除湿过程的耦合传热传质系数。 相似文献
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膜蒸馏技术最新研究应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
膜蒸馏是一种热驱动的新型分离技术,可使蒸汽分子在膜两侧的压力梯度作用下通过膜孔迁移至膜外侧并冷凝下来。本文简要介绍了膜蒸馏的热质传递原理以及直接接触式、气隙式、气扫式、真空式等几种主要膜蒸馏装置的特点。综述分析了膜蒸馏的相关研究进展,包括:膜蒸馏的操作及膜特性参数的影响机理研究;更多高性能的膜材料的研制;对膜污染在工艺与操作参数方面的改进;通过能源利用与组件优化强化膜蒸馏过程等。概述了膜蒸馏在海水脱盐制备纯水、食品工业中果汁浓缩及酒精发酵、化学可挥发性物质的分离以及有毒有害废水处理方面的最新应用。最后,进一步指出过程参数的综合影响、膜材料的商业化、膜组件设计以及过程热效率是目前阻碍膜蒸馏工业化应用的主要问题。展望了加强能源研究、专注于商业用膜的研发、较多关注于其他膜蒸馏过程以及系统角度的优化分析是膜蒸馏技术未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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微反应器和声化学技术都是化工过程强化的重要手段,但都有优缺点。阐释了“声化学微反应器”的理念--微反应器和声化学技术相互集成,利用超声强化微通道内的混合、传质和预防堵塞等,同样借助微反应器实现声场和气泡场的有效调控并解决声空化过程的放大难题,实现协调强化的目的。同时,深入剖析了声化学微反应器内的声空化行为、声场和气泡场调控规律,以及多相流动体系中的混合与传质强化机制。最后展望了该领域的发展方向,并指出超声空化过程中表界面时空尺度现象和理论是实现并优化超声强化的基础。 相似文献
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旋转填充床作为一种高效的传质、分离与反应设备,在化工、环境保护、纳米材料制备、能源、制药等工业过程得到广泛应用。本文对旋转填充床超重力环境下,流体力学特性、传质性能、微观混合、多尺度传递特性等方面的研究进行了总结归纳。近年来,随着计算机科学与多相流传递过程的研究进展,对传递过程的研究也由实验手段为主转变为实验与数值模拟相结合的手段,对有关的数值模拟研究以及相应的多相流模型也予以总结描述。在此基础上,对旋转填充床超重力环境下多相流研究的未来发展提出了有关设想。 相似文献
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L. A. Serafimov T. V. Chelyuskina 《Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering》2014,48(3):254-261
Some aspects of mathematical modeling used in chemical technology have been considered. The most attention has been concentrated on the mathematical models in differential form, for which the investigation of common regularities of multidimensional vector fields of dynamical systems, based on which the driving force of the process is formed, represents a necessary step. The classification of vector fields used in particular in the case of consideration of chemical reactions and reactors, separation processes and combined reaction-mass transfer processes has been performed. The studies of vector fields, which are typical of the chemical technology process under discussion make it possible to meaningfully proceed to the numerical mathematical modeling of this process on a computer. 相似文献
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Jess Bjørn Rasmussen Seyed Soheil Mansouri Xiangping Zhang Jens Abildskov Jakob Kjøbsted Huusom 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2020,66(8):e16259
Cyclic distillation is an emerging process intensification technology, which can improve separation efficiency compared to conventional distillation. As most current models only account for the mass transfer, there is a lack of a stage model for cyclic distillation processes, which includes considerations of both mass and energy transfer. Such a model is presented in this article, and using this model, selected case studies, describing binary and multiple component systems with both ideal and nonideal liquid phases, are investigated. The presented stage model allows for the modeling of both mass and energy transfer for a cyclic distillation process and allows for multiple feed locations, as well as side draws. With the energy balances included, the dynamic vapor flow rate can be described. This was shown to have a significant effect on the separation, especially for cases where the change in the vapor flow over the column height was high. 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池具有高效清洁等优势,是一种潜力巨大的绿色能源技术。数学模型作为一种合理可靠的工具,通过模拟电池内部的电化学传热传质过程,研究运行参数和结构参数对电池性能和寿命的影响,可以指导电池的优化设计。本文综述了近年来燃料电池催化层、气体扩散层和流道的研究模型,整理了各部件建模的影响因素和优化方法,以期对燃料电池建模以及电池各部件的优化设计起到参考作用。文中指出,考虑到现在仿真存在的局限性,未来主要研究方向为燃料电池系统研究与机理模型的结合、催化层微观结构的建模、非贵金属催化剂建模、气体扩散层衰减模型研究、大面积流道模型、三维模型温度分布研究以及全尺寸质子交换膜燃料电池模型的开发。 相似文献
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Sean X. Liu Pavan Mamidipally Ming Peng Leland M. Vane 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(10):1386-1404
Concentration polarization is a phenomenon that is inherent in all membrane separation processes, which is difficult if not impossible to measure experimentally. Concentration polarization in a pervaporation module causes flux decline and is therefore an important issue in predicting the performance of the membrane unit for evaluation and optimization. Short-form (small L/D ratio) membrane configurations, commonly used for membrane evaluations or certain material separations, compound the complexity of process modeling that addresses concentration polarization since a substantial portion of the membrane flow channel would be considered as an “entrance region” based on the flow profile that is not fully developed. This article employed the classic boundary layer theory, combined with mass transfer phenomena in a pervaporation process that is used in volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from contaminated water sources, to theoretically analyze the concentration polarization severity in the entrance region of a flat sheet membrane module. 相似文献
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Liquid membrane technology – A survey of associated phenomena, transport mechanisms, and models. Liquid membrane permeation is the name given to a simultaneous extraction/stripping process. A summary of related phenomena, mass transfer, and models is presented. A new model has been developed to describe mass transfer in liquid membranes, in which the spherical droplets serve as reaction centres. An account of present applications demonstrates the limitations of liquid membrane processes. 相似文献
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Sean X. Liu Pavan Mamidipally Ming Peng Leland M. Vane 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2005,192(10):1386-1404
Concentration polarization is a phenomenon that is inherent in all membrane separation processes, which is difficult if not impossible to measure experimentally. Concentration polarization in a pervaporation module causes flux decline and is therefore an important issue in predicting the performance of the membrane unit for evaluation and optimization. Short-form (small L/D ratio) membrane configurations, commonly used for membrane evaluations or certain material separations, compound the complexity of process modeling that addresses concentration polarization since a substantial portion of the membrane flow channel would be considered as an “entrance region” based on the flow profile that is not fully developed. This article employed the classic boundary layer theory, combined with mass transfer phenomena in a pervaporation process that is used in volatile organic compound (VOC) removal from contaminated water sources, to theoretically analyze the concentration polarization severity in the entrance region of a flat sheet membrane module. 相似文献