55%苯磺隆·噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂防除冬小麦田阔叶杂草效果及安全性

[目的]通过田间药效试验明确55%苯磺隆·噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防治效果和田间推荐使用剂量。[方法]小麦返青后、拔节前,一次性喷药后于不同时期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响。[结果]55%苯磺隆·噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂的田间推荐用量为24.75～33 g a.i./hm2。施药28 d后对杂草株数总体防效达81.70%～99.00%,鲜质量总体防效达90.73%～99.33%。[结论]55%苯磺隆·噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂能够有效防除冬小麦田阔叶杂草并对小麦具有较好的安全性。     

60g/L苯并双环酮SC对移栽稻田杂草的药效和安全性

[目的]为了明确60 g/L苯并双环酮SC在不同使用剂量的情况下,防除移栽稻杂草效果、杀草谱、安全性及施用技术等项指标,采用茎叶喷雾施药,定期调查的方法进行田间药效试验.[结果]苯并双环酮杀草谱主要包括莎草科杂草、阔叶杂草.施用时间为在水稻移栽后4～8叶期,推荐剂量为200～250 g a.i./hm2,施药后40 d对阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草株防效达85.1％～95.1％,与吡嘧磺隆联合使用时,防效更好.水稻移栽前使用丁草胺封闭,扩大杀草谱.[结论]正常使用量对水稻生长安全,与人工除草相比,产量差异不大.对阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草防效较好.     

30%苯磺隆·苄嘧磺隆·氯氟吡氧乙酸WP对小麦田杂草防效及安全性

[目的]通过田间药效试验明确30%苯磺隆·苄嘧磺隆·氯氟吡氧乙酸WP对春小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果和田间推荐使用剂量。[方法]小麦4~5叶期,杂草3~8叶期,茎叶一次性喷药后不同时期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响。[结果]田间试验结果表明,30%苯磺隆·苄嘧磺隆·氯氟吡氧乙酸WP的田间推荐用量为135~180 g a.i./hm2,施药后40 d后对杂草株数总体防效达78.80%~82.88%,鲜质量总体防效达78.70%~84.31%。[结论]30%苯磺隆·苄嘧磺隆·氯氟吡氧乙酸WP能够有效防除春小麦田阔叶杂草并对小麦具有较好的安全性,在推荐剂量下春小麦增产率为6.50%~8.68%。     

砜嘧磺隆的除草活性及对马铃薯的安全性

[目的]为了探讨砜嘧磺隆在马铃薯田应用的可行性,采用室内生物测定和田间小区试验的方法,研究了茎叶喷施25％砜嘧磺隆WG对杂草的活性和马铃薯的安全性.[结果]砜嘧磺隆对苘麻的室内活性高于稗草,对马铃薯安全性较好;田间小区试验对反枝苋的防效在95％以上,对禾本科杂草马唐、狗尾草防效在85％以上,对铁苋菜和饭包草防效差,在供试剂量范围内,对马铃薯安全.[结论]砜嘧磺隆可以在马铃薯田应用防除阔叶杂草及部分禾本科杂草.     

50%噻吩·苯磺隆WG防除春小麦田阔叶杂草效果及安全性

通过田间药效试验明确50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂对春小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果和田间推荐使用剂量。试验结果表明,50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂能够有效防除春小麦田阔叶杂草,且对小麦安全。施药后40 d,50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂22.5~37.5 g/hm2处理对总草株数防效为79.17%~83.21%,鲜重防效为90.23%~92.58%,春小麦增产率为20.06%~29.49%。50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂的田间推荐有效成分用量为22.5~37.5 g/hm2,于小麦3~5叶、杂草5~8叶期进行1次茎叶喷施。     

75%磺酰磺隆WG防除春小麦田杂草及安全性研究

为明确75%磺酰磺隆WG对春小麦田杂草的防除效果及对当季春小麦和后茬作物的安全性影响,采用茎叶喷雾处理进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:施药后45 d,75%磺酰磺隆WG 10~40 g/hm2对北方春小麦田稗草、狗尾草、藜和卷茎蓼株防效和鲜重防效均在84.8%以上,且对春小麦安全。75%磺酰磺隆WG对当季后茬敏感作物白菜、油菜、生菜的根长、株鲜重有不同程度的抑制作用。75%磺酰磺隆WG在春小麦田喷雾使用可以有效防除禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草,但当季后茬不能种植敏感作物白菜、油菜、生菜。     

单嘧磺隆和扑草净对谷子田杂草的防除效果

[目的]筛选对谷子田杂草防除效果好且安全性高的除草剂，明确其合理使用剂量，为杂草高效防除提供理论参考。[方法]选取10%单嘧磺隆WP和40%扑草净WP，于山东滨州东孟村、闫家村2地进行试验，采用随机区组方法，分别测定药后21、42 d对杂草的防效，对作物的安全性及对谷子产量的影响。[结果]40%扑草净WP 258 g a.i./hm²+10%单嘧磺隆WP 129 g a.i./hm²处理对谷子田杂草的防除效果较理想，药后21 d的株防效达80%以上，药后42 d鲜质量防效达75%以上。但扑草净对作物长势抑制较明显，从防效和作物安全性考虑，扑草净用量不宜过大。[结论]谷子田防除杂草推荐使用40%扑草净WP 258 g a.i./hm²+10%单嘧磺隆WP 129 g a.i./hm²混合喷雾。     

75%苯磺隆WG在莜麦田间除草效果

使用75%苯磺隆WG在冀西北坝上地区对莜麦田间杂草进行除草试验.结果表明:75%苯磺隆WG对莜麦田中的阔叶杂草具有较好的防效,药后30 d对阔叶杂草的平均株防效和鲜重防效分别为87.1%和93.4%,生产上建议使用剂量为13.5～22.5 g/hm2(制剂用量).75%苯磺降WG对藜、大刺儿菜、猪毛菜、反枝苋的防效最好,药后30 d的平均株防效和鲜蕈防效都达99%以上.对田旋花的防效较对藜、大刺儿菜、猪毛菜、反枝苋防效偏低,药后30 d的平均株防效和鲜重防效分别为50.3%和85.5%.     

甲酰胺磺隆与拌宝混用对甜玉米田杂草的防效

探讨了甲酰胺磺隆 拌宝不同浓度配比对玉米田杂草的防除效果。试验结果表明,在玉米苗期。用甲酰胺磺隆与拌宝混用可有效地防除多种玉米田杂草,其中甲酰胺磺隆 拌宝165 1200g/hm^2防除效果最好,药后40d对杂草的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为92．2％、95．8％,增产30．1％。     

杂草对苯磺隆的抗药性及残留药害对后茬作物的安全性

对1989-2006年的20篇75%苯磺隆DF田间药效试验报告进行分析,在麦田草相和施药条件基本相同、连续应用苯磺隆10年后,同剂量处理防效下降,呈现出杂草对苯磺隆抗药性逐年增强的趋势.苯磺隆残留药害试验结果表明:75%苯磺隆DF秋季施药8.44～22.50 g a.I./hm2处理对后茬花生、大豆、棉花安全,春季施药8.44～11.25 g a.I./hm2处理对后茬花生、大豆、棉花安全,22.50～45.00 g a.I./hm2剂量对后茬花生有较重的药害减产现象,45.00 g a.I./hmM2处理对后茬大豆、棉花有较明显残留药害.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。