木质素／聚烯烃复合材料的研究进展

简要介绍了木质素的结构与性能,并从木质素/聚烯烃复合材料制备的增容方法、共混工艺以及木质素/聚烯烃复合材料的应用等三方面对木质素/聚烯烃复合材料的研究进展进行了综述.     

木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

增容剂对HDPE/UHMWPE/纳米HA生物复合材料性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯/超高分子量聚乙烯/纳米羟基磷灰(石HDPE/UHMWPE/纳米HA)生物复合材料,研究了增容剂三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸(酐EPDM-g-MAH)和聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)对复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析仪及熔体流动速率仪表征了复合材料的微观结构、热性能和流动性能。结果表明:EPDM-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH均可提高HDPE/UHMWPE/纳米HA复合材料的相容性,其中EPDM-g-MAH的增容效果更明显;随着增容剂用量的增大,复合材料的熔体流动速率、热变形温度和热稳定性逐渐下降;与添加POE-g-MAH相比,含有EPDM-g-MAH的复合材料的综合性能较好。     

胶粉/聚烯烃类热塑性硫化胶共混材料的研究

研究胶粉/聚烯烃类热塑性硫化胶(TPV)共混材料的力学性能、耐油性、热稳定性、动态力学性能及材料的界面増容,并采用扫描电镜对共混材料的断面微观形貌进行了表征分析。研究结果表明:TPV/胶粉共混材料的力学性能随着胶粉粒径的减小而提高;增容剂PP-g-MAH可有效地改善胶粉与TPV的相容性,提高共混材料的力学性能;同时,胶粉和增容剂的加入增强了TPV的耐油性。     

增容剂PE-LD-g-MAH对低密度聚乙烯／木质素共混体系性能的影响

研究了低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)与马来酸酐(MAH)的接枝共聚物PE-LD-g-MAH对低密度聚乙烯/木质素共混体系微观形态、流变行为、热性能和力学性能的影响。DSC-TC综合热分析表明,添加增容剂的共混体系的熔融温度降低,热稳定性提高;流变性能分析表明,共混体系的加工性能良好;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,添加增容剂后木质素分散相尺寸明显减小,分散程度提高;PE-g-MAH可以有效提高低密度聚乙烯/木质素吹塑薄膜的力学性能,且当木质素、低密度聚乙烯和PE-LD-g-MAH质量比为25/75/10时,力学性能最优。     

聚烯烃及其共聚物改性PET的研究进展

综述了近年来聚烯烃 (PO)及其共聚物改性PET的研究进展。采用反应增容的方法 ,通过酸酐基团、离子基团、异氰酸酯基、环氧基团等与PET的端羧基和羟基在挤出共混过程中“原位”形成的增容剂可大大提高PET/PO的相容性 ,从而改善了共混物的力学性能、流变性能、结晶性能。通过增容或利用不同的聚合物的相容性、反应性差异可使PET/PO之间“自组装”形成特定的形态结构。     

可用于建筑材料领域的低密度聚乙烯-木质素复合材料的制备及应用

木质素是自然界中广泛存在的天然高分子材料,将木质素与低密度聚乙烯材料共混制备新型复合材料是高效利用这种工艺副产品的研究热点之一.通过马来酸酐界面改性,木质素与低密度聚乙烯材料,制备了具有良好界面相容性的复合材料.在此前提下,研究了木质素掺杂含量对制备的复合材料整体的力学性能、保温特性、热性能以及抗腐蚀能力的影响,评估获...     

γ-辐照对HDPE/PUR-T共混体系性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR-T)为主要原料,以马来酸酐接枝(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC-g-MAH)为增容剂,采用双螺杆挤出熔融共混技术制备了HDPE/PUR-T和HDPE/PUR-T/(E/VAC-g-MAH)等共混材料,利用60Co-γ射线源在较低辐照剂量(小于等于25 kGy)下对共混材料进行了γ-辐照。考察了γ-辐照、增容剂E/VAC-g-MAH对共混体系的力学性能、界面形态与熔体流动性能的影响。结果表明,同时采用γ-辐照与使用增容剂E/VAC-g-MAH两种增容方法,可以有效地改善HDPE/PUR-T的力学性能和相容性。     

高韧性高强度聚丙烯复合材料的研究

研究了自制的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和马来酸酐、苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH-g-St)2种增容剂对聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/玻璃纤维(PP/POE/GF)复合材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了试样断口形貌。结果表明,2种增容剂均显著改善了GF与PP基体的界面粘结强度,从而提高了复合材料的力学性能;就2种增容剂的效果而言,PP-g-MAH-g-St的增容效果远优于PP-g-MAH。当PP-g-MAH-g-St的质量分数为8%时,PP/POE/GF/PP-g-MAH-g-St复合材料的综合性能已接近常用工程塑料的性能。     

Lignin‐Reinforced Ethylene‐Propylene‐Diene Copolymer Elastomer via Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

It is still a great challenge to prepare lignin/polyolefin composites with good strength and toughness. Inspired by the energy sacrificial mechanism from biomaterials, dynamic hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) are incorporated into the lignin/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) composite system to improve the interfacial interactions between lignin and EPDM. Such H‐bonding interactions are demonstrated to be able to simultaneously improve the modulus, strength, and toughness of lignin/EPDM composites without sacrificing the extensibility. This work provides a facile method for the high‐valued utilization of lignin in the preparation of high‐performance elastomer composites using bio‐renewable resources as reinforcing agent.     

ABS/木质素复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混的方法分别制备了ABS/酶解木质素以及ABS/氯化改性酶解木质素复合材料,研究了酶解木质素及氯化改性酶解木质素用量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响,利用扫描电镜对复合材料相容性进行了分析。结果表明,随着酶解木质素用量的增大,ABS/酶解木质素复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低,冲击强度下降则十分明显。而经过改性处理的氯化改性酶解木质素与ABS间的相容性得到显著改善,有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。另外,酶解木质素和氯化改性酶解木质素的添加均可提高ABS树脂的热稳定性和成炭量。     

热塑性聚氨酯与聚烯烃共混改性研究进展

综述了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)与其他聚合物共混改性以提高其相容性的方法,TPU与聚烯烃共混改性的应用及研究进展。共混改性后的复合材科在某些性能上得到提高或改善,共混为开发新材料提供了途径,扩大了热塑性聚氨酯的应用范围。     

秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料界面改性研究新进展

秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料是一种用途广泛的新型环保性材料。复合材料的界面相容性会直接影响复合材料的性能,界面改性技术的研究成为近年来研究的热点。本文综述了国内外对秸秆纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料界面改性技术的研究现状和新进展,叙述了对于秸秆纤维的几种典型表面处理方法的研究进展;重点分析了等离子体处理和生物酶处理这两种新型处理方法在秸秆表面预处理中的应用情况,并着重阐述了以马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃为主的界面相容剂和以硅烷、钛酸酯为主的低分子量偶联剂对复合材料界面改性效果的影响。此外,论文简要分析了秸秆/树脂复合材料界面改性技术的发展趋势,指出深入研究针对秸秆纤维的复合处理方法以及开发高效、环保和高性价比的界面改性剂是未来进一步改善秸秆/树脂复合材料应用性能的关键。     

PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH复合材料力学性能的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH）复合材料,并研究其力学性能。结果表明：PP-g-MAH可提高PP与CaCO3的相容性,使复合材料的韧性和拉伸性能得到提高,PE可提高PP与POE的相容性,并有效提高复合材料的韧性,经POE、PE、CaCO3和PP-g-MAH之间的相互协同改性作用可制得综合性能优良的PP复合材料。     

Properties of thermoplastic composites based on wheat‐straw lignocellulosic fillers

Lignocellulosic fractions from wheat straw were used as natural fillers in composites of a polyolefin (a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene) and a biodegradable polyester [poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)]. The mechanical properties of these injected composites were investigated with tensile and impact testing. A reinforcing effect of wheat‐straw residues was found for both types of composites. Compared with the polyester‐based composites, the polyolefin composites were more brittle. The addition of compatibilizing agents (γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, maleic anhydride modified polypropylene, and stearic acid) did not improve the properties of the polyolefin composites. The surface properties were studied with contact‐angle measurements, and poor interfacial adhesion was found between the hydrophilic lignocellulosic filler and the hydrophobic polyolefin matrix. Thermal characterization revealed the formation of low intermolecular bonds between the polyester matrix and the lignocellulosic filler, in agreement with the surface tensions results and scanning electron microscopy observations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 428–436, 2004     

Interface compatibility and mechanisms of improved mechanical performance of starch/poly(lactic acid) blend reinforced by bamboo shoot shell fibers

Bamboo shoot shell fibers (BSSFs)/starch/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ternary composites were prepared by blending BSSFs to starch/PLA matrices for the purpose of expanding BSSFs applications to enhance starch/PLA composites and creating a new low-cost biodegradable composite. The effects of BSSFs content (0–40 wt %) on the physical–mechanical properties were tested and interface compatibility and its mechanism to mechanical performance of BSSFs/starch/PLA composites were characterized by SEM-EDS, TG. The results showed that the mechanical strength, surface wettability, and water absorption of the composites continued improving when the BSSFs content increased from 0% to 20 wt %. However, mechanical modulus increased with increase in BSSFs content. The results of fracture microstructure and thermal property exhibited a good interfacial compatibility at low content of BSSFs and an interface debonding at high content of BSSFs. These investigations indicated that the BSSFs reinforcement to the composite is not consistent with interface compatibility of the ternary composites. The composites should be considered as a kind of green and low-cost biodegradable materials to replace traditional single-phase or multiphase materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47899.     

Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/office waste paper fiber composites

Environment friendly composites with favorable mechanical properties and low water absorption performance were successfully produced from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), office waste paper fiber (OWF), and coupling agents. The perfect sample was easily manufactured by melting–blending and injection molding. The PLA/OWF composites were comparable with other PLA/plant fiber composites, and the results indicated that the PLA/OWF composites show better performance than PLA/wheat straw fiber composites and PLA/bamboo fiber composites. On this basis, influence of modification of OWF on the properties of composites was investigated. The infrared results show that the OWF modification by different coupling agents was successful, and the scanning electron microscopy indicates that prepared composites exhibit good interfacial compatibility due to preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. With addition of 2 wt% γ-(2,3-propylene oxides)propyl trimethylsilane, the composite exhibits high tensile strength of 58.96 MPa, reflecting increase of 14% than the pure PLA. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties on composites, while the coupling agents have little effect on thermal stability. This article confirmed that the OWF has appropriate properties and is suitable for preparing composite materials and this work provides a novel idea for the utilization of office waste paper.