Novel resonant pole inverter for brushless DC motor drive system

The brushless dc motor (BDCM) has been widely used in industrial applications because of its low inertia, fast response, high power density, high reliability, and maintenance-free reputation. It is usually supplied by a hard-switching pulse width modulation inverter, which normally displays relative low efficiency since the power losses across the switching devices are high. In order to reduce the losses, many soft switching inverters have been designed. However, these inverters have such disadvantages as high device voltage stress, large dc link voltage ripple, discrete pulse modulation, and complex control scheme. This paper introduces a novel resonant pole inverter, which is unique to a BDCM drive system, and is easy to implement. The inverter possesses the advantages of low switching power loss, low inductor power loss, low device voltage stress, and simple control scheme. The operation principle of the inverter is analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are proposed to verify the theoretical analysis.     

双闭环无刷直流电机驱动电路的设计与实现

在对无刷直流电动机控制系统的发展及应用综述的基础上,介绍了无刷直流电动机的结构和工作原理,给出了其数学模型,并重点分析了无刷直流电机控制技术中简单易用且鲁棒性较好的PID控制算法。对无刷直流电动机控制系统的硬件和软件设计做了详细论述。该电路是基于微芯公司的电机驱动电路专用驱动芯片DSPic30f4011而设计开发的,其中主体电路架构包括电源电路,三相逆变桥电路、转速闭环、电流闭环、线电压闭环和保护电路等。系统的软件设计中,主要包括微控制器的初始化程序、开环起动、换向控制、电流、速度采样时刻控制等。     

An enhanced Z-source inverter topology-based permanent magnet brushless DC motor drive speed control

In this paper, an enhanced Z-source inverter (ZSI) is introduced for controlling the speed of permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive. It is the extension of the conventional ZSI and the elements used in the circuit are the same as those of the conventional ZSI, except that the position of Inverter Bridge and diode would be exchanged from the classical circuit diagram. This exchanged circuit avoids the startup path of the inrush current and hence reduces the inrush current and improves the motor efficiency. Different modes of enhanced ZSI are studied with PMBLDCM. The voltage polarity of Z-source capacitors in the proposed circuit is the same as that of the input voltage polarity. Furthermore, to get the same voltage boost, the capacitor voltage stress is reduced to a significant extent. The speed control capability of the proposed brushless DC motor drive is compared with that of the conventional ZSI. The proposed ZSI is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink working platform and the output performance is evaluated. Also, the performance of voltage ratio is analysed both by simulation and mathematical models. All these analyses are known to express the innovative features of the proposed system.     

无位置传感器直流无刷电机的DSP控制

本文介绍了无位置传感器直流无刷电机的一些位置估算方法,并着重介绍了一种利用DSP完成变频空调直流无刷压缩机的控制方法.     

GA-based multiobjective PID control for a linear brushless DC motor

This paper presents a robust output tracking control design method for a linear brushless DC motor with modeling uncertainties. Two frequency-domain specifications directly related to the mixed sensitivity function and control energy consumption are imposed to ensure stability and performance robustness. With regard to time-domain specifications, the rise time, maximum overshoot and steady-state error of the step response are considered. A generalized two-parameters proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control framework is developed via a genetic searching approach ensuring the specifications imposed. The proposed design method is intuitive and practical that offers an effective way to implement simple but robust solutions covering a wide range of plant perturbation and, in addition, provides excellent tracking performance without resorting to excessive control. Extensive experimental and numerical results for a linear brushless motor confirm the proposed control design approach.     

Novel soft-switching inverter for brushless DC motor variable speed drive system

Brushless DC motor has been widely used in industrial applications because of its low inertia, fast response, high power density, high reliability and maintenance-free. It is usually supplied by a hard-switching PWM inverter, which normally has low efficiency since the power losses across the switching devices are high. In order to reduce the losses, many soft switching inverters have been designed. Unfortunately, there are many drawbacks, such as high device voltage stress, large DC link voltage ripple, complex control scheme and so on. This paper introduces a novel soft-switching inverter which generates notches of the DC bus voltage becomes to zero during chopping switches commutation to guarantee all switches working in zero voltage state. The result of this investigation will be very useful for industrial applications.     

A new topology for unipolar brushless DC motor drive with high power factor

A new converter topology is proposed for driving a permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor with unipolar currents. It is based on a front-end single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) and a switch in series with each phase. All the switches are ground-referenced, which simplifies their gate drives. The available input voltage can be boosted for better current regulation, which is an advantage for low voltage applications. For operation with an AC supply, the SEPIC converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode. In this operation mode, it approximates a voltage follower and the line current follows the line voltage waveform to a certain extent. The reduction in low-order harmonics and improved power factor is achieved without the use of any voltage or current sensors. The simplicity and reduced parts count of the proposed topology make it an attractive low-cost choice for many variable speed drive applications.     

The optimal control of a constrained drive system with brushless DCmotor

The optimal (according to the quadratic performance index) control method of a drive position system with an electronically commutated brushless DC motor is discussed. Initially developed for linear, unconstrained, and undistributed systems, this optimal control method is now applied to a system having constrained state and input variables (e.g. armature voltage, armature current, rotor speed) and unknown disturbances (e.g. load torque). The method uses an undisturbed and unconstrained model for a model-following adaptive control of the real system. The control method is verified through computer simulation using the data from a real drive position system. Results show that the controlled system operates effectively at the limiting state variables, which represent the real system. In addition, the final position is reached without overshoots     

Integrated current regulation for a brushless ECM drive

An enhanced means of regulating phase currents in a brushless electronically commutated motor (ECM), without the use of any discrete current sensors, such as shunts or current transformers, is described. Current feedback information is provided by current sensors integrated into MOS-gated power switches (MOSFETs and IGBTs), and the current regulation is performed by gate drive power integrated circuits. A high degree of drive circuit integration is achieved with this scheme, in addition to providing protection against dangerous fault currents not sensed by conventional bus-shunt configurations. Available power semiconductor switches and power integrated circuits make this technique applicable to permanent magnet ECM drives operating at bus supply voltages up to 500 VDC with power ratings from fractional to >10 hp     

Current control strategy for brushless DC motors based on a commonDC signal

A simplified current controlled modulation technique for brushless DC motors is presented. It is based on the generation of quasi square-wave currents, using only one current controller for the three phases. The advantages of this strategy are: (a) very simple control scheme; (b) the phase currents are kept balanced; (c) the difficult sensing of DC link current in flat plates is avoided; and (d) the current is controlled through only one DC component. These characteristics allow to use the triangular carrier as a current control strategy for the power transistors, which is simpler and better than other options. Computer simulations using power electronic simulator (PSIM), have been developed to show the good characteristics of this solution, and its simplicity. Some experiments with a 15 kW motor-inverter system, show the excellent behavior under steady-state, and transient situations, such as step response and reversal of power     

电动摩托车用无刷直流电机控制系统的设计

根据无刷直流电机的工作原理,设计了一种以PIC16F737单片机为控制核心的电动摩托车用无刷直流电机控制系统,给出了系统详细的硬件电路和软件设计方法,实现了电动摩托车定速和调速两种工作模式的选择。实验证明该设计方案控制电路简洁,器件少,成本低,保护措施可靠,提高了系统的控制精度,对无刷直流电机在其他领域的应用有一定的帮助和借鉴,具有广泛的现实意义。     

Robust nonlinear control of brushless DC motors for direct-driverobotic applications

The control problem associated with brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) for direct-drive robotic applications is considered. In order to guarantee the high-performance operation of BLDCMs in such applications, the effects of reluctance variations and magnetic saturation are accounted for in the model. Such a BLDCM model constitutes a highly coupled and nonlinear dynamic system. Using the transformation theory of nonlinear systems, a feedback control law, which is shown to compensate for the system nonlinearities, is derived. Conditions under which such a control law is possible are presented. The need for the derivation of explicit commutation strategies is eliminated, resulting in reduction of the computations involved. To guarantee the high-performance operation of the system under substantial uncertainties, a robust control law is derived and appended to the overall control structure. The inclusion of the robust controller results in good tracking performance when there are modeling and measurement errors and payload uncertainties. The efficacy of the overall control law is investigated by considering a single-link direct-drive arm actuated by a BLDCM     

基于IR2136与MOSFET的无刷直流电机驱动电路设计

针对传统驱动电路的设计,需要采用相互独立的电源为功率开关管供电,使得硬件结构复杂,可靠性下降,为此,基于功率驱动芯片IR2136与场效应管MOSFET,从信号隔离、三相逆变驱动、过流保护电路等方面,对无刷直流电机驱动电路进行设计。重点阐述了三相逆变驱动电路中的自举电路设计和功率管的驱动保护优化设计。采用TMS570控制板,对该驱动电路进行功能测试,结果表明,设计的驱动电路能够驱动电机平稳运行,且工作稳定可靠。     

A SPICE model for a novel brushless adjustable-speed drive

A SPICE circuit model was developed to accurately simulate the i-v characteristics of a brushless AC motor commutated by semiconductor switches. The model is based on Fourier curve fits to measured mutual inductance interactions between all combinations of field and armature windings, as well as coil resistance and inductance. The model is able to accurately predict current and voltage characteristics, both statically, and dynamically when interfaced with a commutation model. The model has been demonstrated to agree with electrical tests of an inverted motor on a large time scale. It has also given reliable predictions of small time-scale details, where it is desirable to predict power MOSFET switch behavior after a command to open or close. Data were collected and analyzed for simulations of the motor model combined with a commutation model containing MOSFET switches. Metrics were compared to data collected from an inverted brushless motor with good agreement.     

基于AVR的纯电动车无刷直流电机驱动系统

根据整车参数要求。设计一种基于AVR单片机控制的纯电动汽车无刷直流电机驱动系统。该系统以MEGA48单片机作为控制芯片．进行了电源电路设计、系统硬件保护电路设计、三相全桥逆变电路设计、逆变器驱动电路设计,利用PI控制器进行电机电流速度的双闭环控制,并采用C语言进行模块化编程和结构化编程。该系统可以实现欠压、过流和堵转保护。在系统出错情况下具有自检功能,同时具有升级空间,便于用户二次开发。     

A sliding mode current control scheme for PWM brushless DC motordrives

This paper proposes a sliding mode current control scheme for pulsewidth modulation (PWM) brushless DC motor drives. An improved “equivalent control” method is used in this scheme. A simple algorithm is proposed that differs from the original equivalent control method, which requires extensive calculation to estimate the load parameters. This algorithm can be implemented using logic circuits. Moreover, using autotuning, the proposed algorithm can be applied without load information. An operating principle for the power stage switching devices called single-side firing is also proposed. Single-side firing solves the dead-time problem, allowing the PWM frequency to be increased and the sampling rate to be raised. This paper explains the current control algorithm, single-side firing principle, and implementation of the proposed scheme in detail. Simulations and experimental results are given to show the validity of this scheme     

无刷直流电机模糊PI控制系统建模与仿真

从无刷直流电机（BLDCM）的工作原理和结构出发,在分析了BLDCM数学模型的基础上,采用模块化方法,在Matlab／Simulink中建立了BLDCM转速、电流双闭环控制系统模型。利用该模型进行了电机动静态性能的仿真研究,仿真结果与理论分析一致,表明该方法建立的BLDCM控制系统仿真模型合理、有效。该模型简单、直观、参数易于修改和替换,可方便地用于其他控制算法仿真研究。     

内模PID控制器在无刷直流电机调速系统中的应用

针对无刷直流电机中传统PID控制器参数调节复杂、对环境适应能力较弱等问题,在分析内模控制与经典PID控制的内部对应关系的基础上,综合其优点,设计采用了一种基于内部模型的PID控制器（简称IMC-PID）对无刷直流电机进行调速。在建立对象理论模型的基础上,通过对控制器在线仿真比较表明：针对本设计对象,基于内部模型的PID控制器不论在系统阶跃响应或是扰动跟踪等控制效果上都能到达经典PID控制的要求,同时还降低了参数设计的复杂性和随机性。     

Machine/drive circuit interactions in small variable-reluctancestepping and brushless DC motor systems

The authors investigate the torque, losses, and efficiency of small brushless DC and stepping-motor systems, and explain how performance is influenced by excitation mode, drive circuit, and machine parameters. Quantitative deductions are made for a three-phase reluctance-type machine based on computed steady-state results. For a given machine and drive circuit, maximum torque is obtained with an excitation mode that allows each phase to be turned on for half of the complete excitation cycle. However, if maximum efficiency is the aim, phase excitation must occur for a shorter period, e.g. by exciting only one phase at a time. When making comparisons between drive circuits, the most important measure of drive-circuit capability is the circuit power available at low speeds. Drive circuits producing rapid current decay at phase turn-off benefit torque production in the two-phase-on excitation mode, but are detrimental with the one-phase-on mode. At high speed the pull-out torque depends on the unsaturated inductance parameters of the machine. For maximum torque these parameters must be correctly proportioned, their values being dependent on the excitation mode     

采用C50x对无刷直流电机进行控制

无刷直流电机由于具有容易控制、无换向器、结构简单、转速高、效率高而得到越来越广泛的应用,各类专用芯片的不断推出又进一步推动了它的应用和发展。C50x是西门子公司针对无刷直流电机而推出的单片机控制芯片,内部具有硬件换相电路,简化了无刷直流电机控制器的硬件结构,增强了可靠性。C504可以控制一台电机,C508可以控制两台。本文以C504为例,介绍无刷直流电机控制调速系统的设计方法。