有机膨润土吸附糖蜜酒精废液的脱色实验研究

系统考察了影响有机膨润土吸附糖蜜酒精度液脱色的因素,并且从理论上解释了这些因素对于吸附处理效果的影响,给出了有机膨润土对于糖蜜酒精度液的吸附方程,对比了有机膨润土和钠化膨润土对于度液的吸附脱色处理效果.实验结果表明有机膨润土对糖蜜酒精度液具有很好的脱色除污能力,可以用来吸附处理糖蜜酒精度液.     

高温焙烧改性膨润土在废液压油脱色工艺中的应用

通过高温焙烧提高膨润土活性并用于对废液压油的脱色。结果表明,膨润土的最佳焙烧工艺条件为:焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间2h。改性膨润土对废液压油吸附脱色的最佳工艺条件为∶改性膨润土添加量为15%,脱色温度为90℃,真空脱色时间为20min,在此工艺条件下,再生油脱色率达94%,对工业废液压油的脱色取得了一定效果。     

絮凝-光催化处理甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液初步研究

采用絮凝-光催化联合技术处理甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液,研究了絮凝工艺条件及其对光催化效能的影响.实验结果表明,糖蜜酒精废液在最佳条件下絮凝后进行光催化处理,CODCr去除率和脱色率分别达91.7%和83.6%.     

糖蜜酒精废液的两步脱色及色素的回收利用

采用D-101大孔树脂和活性炭两步吸附法对糖蜜酒精废液进行脱色处理,实验表明,该法有明显的脱色效果,脱色率达98.3%,脱色后CODCr去除率>90%,色素可有效回收利用。     

NKA-Ⅱ树脂对糖蜜酒精废液中酚类色素的吸附

以NKA-Ⅱ树脂为吸附剂,经处理的糖蜜酒精废液为吸附质,研究了树脂用量、废液pH值、吸附温度、废液浓度及吸附时间对糖蜜酒精废液中酚类色素吸附率的影响。采用SPSS分析影响因素之间的交互作用,确定的最佳的吸附工艺条件:温度为30℃、pH为3.8、时间为90 min、NKA-Ⅱ树脂用量为5.5 g、澄清液稀释至2.5倍,吸附率为83.88%。     

膨润土有机改性及吸附性能研究

结合天然膨润土的层状结构以及阳离子型表面活性剂的正电性和疏水性,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为改性剂,制得有机阳离子改性膨润土。研究了有机改性膨润土投加量、p H值、吸附时间及吸附温度对甲基橙模拟废水脱色率的影响。试验结果表明:有机改性膨润土的投加量为4 g/L,吸附时间为40 min,废水p H值为6.0,吸附温度为35℃时,有机改性膨润土对甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率可以达到98.1%。     

糖蜜酒精废液的脱色

色深且难脱是制约糖蜜酒精废液处理的一大难题，在对糖蜜酒精废液进行处理的同时，重点研究其脱色工艺。实验发现，在糖蜜酒精废液中加造纸黑液和草酸对酒精废液有明显的脱色效果。     

膨润土/PAFS吸附絮凝处理水中直接染料的研究

比较了膨润土、PAFS单独处理与膨润土/PAFS吸附絮凝处理水中直接染料的脱色效果,研究了投药量,配比,溶液酸碱性等因素对脱色效果的影响,使用0.1 g配比为1∶1的膨润土/PAFS对100 m L浓度为500 mg/L的水中三种直接染料进行絮凝吸附,脱色率达到92%~98%。     

软锰矿氧化脱色降解糖蜜酒精废液

采用软锰矿为氧化剂,在酸性条件下对糖蜜酒精废液进行氧化脱色降解,并同时浸出Mn。考察了反应温度、H2SO4浓度、软锰矿质量浓度等因素对糖蜜酒精废液脱色率、COD去除率和软锰矿中Mn浸出率的影响,并对反应过程机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,在Mn浸出量较小的情况下,即可获得较高的脱色率,而COD去除率却随Mn浸出量的增大而提高。在反应后期,部分有机物只能被氧化为有机酸,而不能进一步氧化为CO2。在反应温度90℃,H2SO4浓度1.1 mol/L,软锰矿质量浓度100 g/L,反应时间120 m in及采取二段反应工艺时,糖蜜酒精废液的脱色率可达98.2%,COD去除率达78.5%,软锰矿中Mn浸出率达到92.3%。     

新型有机膨润土用于印染废水处理的实验研究

采用二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷合成了一种阳离子型铵盐,用其与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行复合插层改性,制备得到一种新型有机膨润土;以模拟染料废水和实际印染废水为处理对象,使用改性膨润土进行了吸附脱色实验,吸附完成后加入聚合氯化铝混凝。实验结果表明,与单独投加聚合氯化铝相比,采用改性膨润土吸附后再混凝的方法处理废水,可显著提高脱色率和COD去除率;处理活性艳红X-3B、酸性大红GR与活性艳蓝X-BR三种模拟染料废水时,脱色率分别可达99.4%、84.8%和96.1%;以中试规模处理实际印染废水调节池原水时,COD和色度去除率分别可达51.6%和85.9%;处理实际印染废水好氧生化出水,COD可由121.3mg/L降至65.4mg/L,色度由32倍降至8倍以下。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。