燃气轮机温度控制与性能试验

我国近期引进的F级燃气轮机,有的已进入性能试验考核验收阶段。确保机组在设计的燃机透平进口温度下运行,是进行性能试验时测定机组输出功率和效率的基准条件。介绍了燃机温度控制方式及其与机组性能试验出力和热耗率的关系。指出温控修正参数的准确性将影响燃机透平进口温度,从而影响燃机性能试验的基准。还介绍了通过轴功率平衡和能量平衡,推算燃机透平进口温度的方法,以供试验时参考。     

基于多智能体的海上油气平台风-燃协调频率辅助控制策略

为了提高含风电的远海油气平台电网的调频能力,基于多智能体一致性理论,提出了一种以双馈感应电机为单元的风电场与海上油气平台燃气透平机组的协调频率辅助控制方法。将远海孤立电网视为多智能体系统,将风电场与海上油气平台燃气透平机组看作智能体,基于海上电力网络的拓扑信息构建多智能体系统通信网络,实现各智能体之间的信息交互;分别建立风电场和海上油气平台燃气透平机组的频率辅助控制多智能体模型,基于多智能体一致性算法给出控制器结构,基于多智能体通信网络实现风电场智能体与海上油气平台燃气透平机组智能体之间的频率协调控制;通过线性二次型最优控制对控制器参数进行优化。基于算例仿真验证所提控制方法的有效性,结果表明所提协调频率辅助控制方法能有效提高系统的频率调节能力,抑制频率波动。     

电站黑起动柴油发电机组容量选择的探讨

通过对燃气发电机组和燃煤发电机组电动机起动功率的分析,提出黑起动柴油发电机组的容量必须大于负荷的峰值功率作为条件来校验,并和利用厂用电设计规范计算的结果和经济性进行比较。结果前者较后者经济性更好,对海外工程和国内工程具有较高的实际意义。     

燃气轮机压缩空气模块的国产化研制与系统优化

针对燃气轮机的国产化问题,介绍了压缩空气模块等燃气轮机辅助装置的研制情况,并对压缩空气模块的优化提出了措施,可以为燃气轮机发电机组的整体国产化积累经验.     

燃气轮机热端部件寿命的等效运行时间分析

燃气轮机的可靠性在很大程度上取决于热端部件的技术状态和维修水平。本文首先分析了影响燃机热端部件寿命的三项主要因素,并在此基础上详细讨论了各种常用的燃气轮机的寿命评估方法。针对惠州LNG电厂M701F型燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组特点,提出了基于等效运行时间分析的燃机寿命评估法。案例计算结果显示等效运行时间分析法是一种简单、实用的评价方法。     

Technology used to operate the 300-MW power unit topped with a GTE-110 gas turbine

Results obtained from mathematical simulation of operations for starting the 300-MW power unit topped with a GTE-110 gas turbine installed at the GRES-24 district power station of OAO OGK-6 wholesale power-generating company are described. It is shown that operations on speeding up the steam turbine from a cold state to its idle running mode can be carried out solely by using the heat of exhaust gases from the gas turbine unit without supplying fuel to the boiler.     

Thermal tests of the 9FB gas turbine unit produced by general electric

In July 2011, a PGU-410 combined-cycle power plant was commissioned at the Srendeuralsk district power station owned by Enel OGK-5. The main equipment of this power plant includes an MS9001FB gas turbine unit (produced by GE Energy Power Plant Systems, the United States), a heat recovery boiler (produced by Nooter/Ericsen, the United States), and a >Skoda KT-140-13.3 two-cylinder condensing and cogeneration turbine with steam reheating. In 2011–2012, specialists of the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute carried out thermal tests of this power plant in a wide range of loads and under different external conditions. The results from thermal tests of the MS9001FB gas turbine unit are presented and analyzed. The actual indicators of the gas turbine unit and its elements are determined and their characteristics are constructed.     

适合电网稳定计算的燃气轮机及其调速系统建模与参数测试

研究了燃气轮机及其调速系统电网稳定计算模型的建立,介绍了所建立模型重要参数测试方法,主要包括执行机构开启和关闭时间常数测试、电液转换PID参数测试与校验、转速通道测量环节和发电机功率测量环节时间常数、以及燃气轮机模型参数等的测试与辨识,并针对这些参数的获取设计和开展了相关试验。针对现场试验和仿真结果进行了误差分析,验证了测试方法的正确性和实用性,所建立模型、测试和辨识得到的模型参数满足电网稳定计算要求。     

基于工况辨识的重型燃气轮机性能评价方法研究

针对重型燃气轮机缺乏有效综合性能评价方法的问题,提出了一种基于工况辨识的重型燃气轮机性能评价方法。根据重型燃气轮机效率的影响因素确定了机组性能综合评价特征参数;选取机组多工况运行历史数据进行稳态筛选,并对筛选出的稳态运行数据进行基于多步K-均值聚类的工况辨识,实现机组稳态运行空间的工况划分;采用多元高斯混合模型确定各个工况下性能评价特征参数的基准值和阈值;最后建立基于熵权法的机组性能评价模型,实现了机组的综合性能评价。实例证明了所提方法的可行有效性。     

燃气轮发电机组HCO系统的调试研究

介绍了某发电厂SGT5-4000F燃气轮发电机组HCO系统及其调式过程,以及燃气轮发电机组热态启动后该系统的应用,为今后燃气轮发电机组HCO系统的调试提供借鉴与参考。     

注水运行对燃气轮机排气温度控制的影响

为了增加燃气轮机的出力和控制NOX的排放,增设了注水设备。机组注水运行后,通流部分的流量以及工质的热物理性能将发生变化,会对机组原来的温度控制系统及热通道部件的受热情况产生影响。介绍了燃机温度控制的原理,讨论了机组注水运行对温度控制的影响,尤其对注水后不同的温控基准与出力和寿命的关系进行了分析。     

考虑不确定性的综合能源博弈规划

随着电力系统与天然气系统的耦合性不断增强,以电网为核心的综合能源系统应运而生。然而在不确定条件下,当前规划方法仍无法保证各厂商的利益最优,因此本文提出了基于非合作博弈论的电-气系统的协同规划方法。首先,以各能量单元和电、气网公司作为独立的利益团体,以其年净收益最大为优化目标,建立电-气综合系统中风电机组,燃气机组、电转气机组、输电线路和天然气管道的综合非线性规划模型。针对风电、负荷的不确定性,以及经典两阶段鲁棒优化的保守性问题,提出了一种改进的两阶段鲁棒优化方法——期望场景最优,任意场景可行。最后,以修改的IEEE39节点电力系统与比利时20节点天然气系统构造电-气网络,验证了模型及算法的有效性。     

Optimization of cogeneration thermal power units

We present a procedure for comparing the efficiencies of cogeneration thermal power units that takes variable conditions of their operation into account. A combined-cycle plant operating in accordance with the STIG cycle (i.e., with mixing of working fluids), a gas turbine unit equipped with a gas economizer, and a steam turbine unit equipped with a backpressure turbine are compared during their operation as part of a cogeneration station.     

适应整体煤气化联合循环燃气轮机改型方法分析

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是多种设备、多种技术集成的一个复杂系统,整合了化工、发电等各方面技术为一体,包括了气化炉、空分系统、燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机等设备。通过分析煤气化合成气与天然气的差异以及煤气化合成气对燃气轮机的影响,展开燃用天然气燃气轮机改型设计为燃用合成气的方法探索,总结改型设计经验,为整体煤气化联合循环燃气轮机设计奠定基础。     

大型天然气联合循环电厂的设计优化

为了使我国正在建设的一批大型天然气联合循环电厂投资省、效率高、投产后具有较好的经济效益,对其设计进行优化至关重要。文章对影响大型天然气联合循环电厂效率的各种因素进行了深入的研究,对联合循环系统、燃气轮机选型、蒸汽系统、参数选择、余热锅炉和汽轮机选型、机组轴系配置、动力岛布置等方面进行了设计优化,并提出了明确的优化结论。     

GUD1S.94.3A联合循环电站协调控制系统浅析

以德国SIEMMENS公司制造的GUD1S.94.3A联合循环390 MW机组单元协调控制系统为例,介绍了联合循环机组的燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机之间的协调控制及其生成发电机功率、燃气轮机排气温度、蒸汽压力、蒸汽温度设定值等功能。该控制系统不仅能够保证机组安全运行,而且能够满足经济起动及停机的控制要求。     

Optimization of the operating conditions of gas-turbine power stations considering the effect of equipment deterioration

In recent years in most power systems all over the world, a trend towards the growing nonuniformity of energy consumption and generation schedules has been observed. The increase in the portion of renewable energy sources is one of the important challenges for many countries. The ill-predictable character of such energy sources necessitates a search for practical solutions. Presently, the most efficient method for compensating for nonuniform generation of the electric power by the renewable energy sources—predominantly by the wind and solar energy—is generation of power at conventional fossil-fuel-fired power stations. In Russia, this problem is caused by the increasing portion in the generating capacity structure of the nuclear power stations, which are most efficient when operating under basic conditions. Introduction of hydropower and pumped storage hydroelectric power plants and other energy-storage technologies does not cover the demand for load-following power capacities. Owing to a simple design, low construction costs, and a sufficiently high economic efficiency, gas turbine plants (GTPs) prove to be the most suitable for covering the nonuniform electric-demand schedules. However, when the gas turbines are operated under varying duty conditions, the lifetime of the primary thermostressed components is considerably reduced and, consequently, the repair costs increase. A method is proposed for determination of the total operating costs considering the deterioration of the gas turbine equipment under varying duty and start–stop conditions. A methodology for optimization of the loading modes for the gas turbine equipment is developed. The consideration of the lifetime component allows varying the optimal operating conditions and, in some cases, rejecting short-time stops of the gas turbine plants. The calculations performed in a wide range of varying fuel prices and capital investments per gas turbine equipment unit show that the economic effectiveness can be increased by 5–15% by varying the operating conditions and switching to the optimal operating modes. Consequently, irrespective of the fuel price, the application of the proposed method results in selection of the most beneficial operating conditions. Consideration of the lifetime expenditure included in the optimization criterion enables enhancement of the operating efficiency.     

燃机与锅炉耦合系统提高电厂供电效率的研究

为提高火力发电厂的供电效率,提出燃机与锅炉机组的耦合系统,并建立该耦合系统性能计算模型。经过对耦合系统性能的预测分析可知:排烟温度对系统的性能影响较大,在设定的130℃排烟温度条件下,耦合了燃机的电厂效率提高,供电煤耗降低。在一定的最高燃机工作温度条件下,进入锅炉机组总风量与流经燃机的空气流量与之间的比值有最佳值。以燃机最高工作温度700℃为例,耦合系统可以提高机组效率0.5%以上,其发出的功率可以增加电厂供电量超过4%,在考虑了机组热效率以及低温腐蚀等因素以后,除了抵消风机电耗以外,最佳的供电量增加幅度为1.64%,此时对应着最佳的锅炉机组总风量与流经燃机空气流量的比值,其大小为4.29。     

抽水蓄能电站调节库容与经济效益关系的研究

本文应用数学规划和概率方法分别建立了抽水蓄能电站静态效益和动态效益计算数学模型，以电网年费用和停电损失费用最小为目标，采用等效替代法，研究了仙游抽水蓄能电站的静态效益和动态效益，及其与调节库容的关系，分析了水文年、火电机组最小出力及增荷速度、水电机组运行方式、抽水蓄能电站容量划分、燃气电站运行时间、负荷预测偏差等因素对仙游抽水蓄能电站调节库容和经济效益的影响。