一种面向SaaS多租户的多层模型

SaaS(Software as a Service)伴随云计算而出现,它与传统软件的区别较大。根据SaaS软件的特点,提出支持SaaS软件成熟度的SaaS软件分层元模型,使用形式化方法对每一层进行建模描述。受面向对象Petri网(Object-Oriented Petri Nets,OOPN)和有色Petri网(Colored Petri Nets,CPN)思想的启发,提出面向服务网结构SOP(Service-Oriented Petri Nets)和CSOP(Colored Service-Oriented Petri Nets)。一方面,使用封装的库所元素代表服务,体现了服务对外不可见,且内部结构影响系统运行。另一方面,不同的颜色集代表不同租户请求,突出了SaaS多租户的特点。这不仅为复杂的SaaS软件建模提供了方法,还能够折叠系统变迁,压缩状态空间。最后,以一个 客户关系管理 (Customer Relationship Management,CRM)SaaS软件系统为例,验证了文中工作的可行性。     

Towards a quality meta-model for information systems

All models of information system (IS) quality postulate two constructs, namely ‘quality’ and ‘model’. These concepts are seldom explicitly discussed and defined in connection with IS. Together, they constitute an information system quality meta-model. Compared to lower level models, a meta-model is likely to be more applicable in a wider variety of contexts. This article aims, firstly, to validate and develop further an initial IS quality meta-model that emerged from two previous studies. Secondly, it is an account of a real quality modeling process, in connection with the development of an Education Management Information System (EMIS) in Tanzania, and one that can be referenced by other researchers. This case is used to discover how the meta-model can be used as part of system development process, with a view to instantiating system- and attribute-specific quality models. The study supports the general validity of a two-part and three-level quality meta-model. It further suggests that quality is by its nature relative and that the essence of quality is embodied in relationships between the information system and its context. The meta-model functions well as a safeguard that can prevent developers from neglecting important aspects of quality design. In addition, it generates relevant questions for future research.     

基于CPN与Aalaadin元模型的MAS建模

对于MAS而言,传统的UML已经无法满足建模的需求,必须找到一种更好的方式来对MAS建模,这里对UML进行了研究和扩展至AUML,以达到对建模的需求,还使用了CPN与Aalaadin元模型来弥补AUML的不足,CPN与Aalaadin元模型也能很好的互为补充,极大提高了MAS模型的可行性.     

一种构件化工作流管理系统

工作流管理系统是实现各种信息管理系统工作过程自动化的核心模块。本文提出一种工作流元模型和基于该元模型进行工作流建模的方法,并实现一个构件化的工作流管理系统。该系统支持基于元模型的工作流建模,提供工作流运行的环境,并可以构件的方式集成到外部系统中。     

全球信息栅格与服务计算

在探索全球信息栅格的概念及其组成的基础上,研究了服务计算的概念、原则及其不同于面向对象计算的方面,服务计算在全球信息栅格中的应用方式以及如何与传统技术相结合的问题。最后,提出了服务计算应用于全球信息栅格有待解决的问题。     

Managing requirements inconsistency with development goal monitors

Managing the development of software requirements can be a complex and difficult task. The environment is often chaotic. As analysts and customers leave the project, they are replaced by others who drive development in new directions. As a result, inconsistencies arise. Newer requirements introduce inconsistencies with older requirements. The introduction of such requirements inconsistencies may violate stated goals of development. In this article, techniques are presented that manage requirements document inconsistency by managing inconsistencies that arise between requirement development goals and requirements development enactment. A specialized development model, called a requirements dialog meta-model, is presented. This meta-model defines a conceptual framework for dialog goal definition, monitoring, and in the case of goal failure, dialog goal reestablishment. The requirements dialog meta-model is supported in an automated multiuser World Wide Web environment, called DEALSCRIBE. An exploratory case study of its use is reported. This research supports the conclusions that: an automated tool that supports the dialog meta-model can automate the monitoring and reestablishment of formal development goals; development goal monitoring can be used to determine statements of a development dialog that fail to satisfy development goals; and development goal monitoring can be used to manage inconsistencies in a developing requirements document. The application of DEALSCRIBE demonstrates that a dialog meta-model can enable a powerful environment for managing development and document inconsistencies     

模型驱动的业务流程建模工具

业务流程管理与面向服务架构为企业的高效整合提供了解决方案。基于模型驱动开发理论,提出一个精炼的业务流程元模型,解决模型间的转换问题,探讨模型实例控制流结构和语义的校验方法,根据模型驱动架构设计并实现基于该元模型的流程建模工具。     

基于领域建模的数控系统代码生成技术

为提高数控软件系统开发效率,提出基于领域建模的代码自动生成开发方法。该方法在数控领域元模型的基础上建立了数控系统的建模环境,以模型数据到源代码的映射规则库为基础,开发了面向目标环境的模型解释器。根据数控产品不同的需求,能够从模型层次对系统功能进行重配置,并通过模型解释器自动生成源代码或相关配置文件。以二轴和三轴运动控制系统为开发对象进行验证,结果证明该方法能有效缩短数控系统开发周期,提高开发效率。     

面向科学计算的业务流程建模技术研究

分析面向科学计算的业务流程的特点和需求,提出一种适用于科学计算的领域元模型及其智能流程建模语言(SPML),给出领域元模型的形式化描述以及SPML到业务流程执行语言的转换算法。在此基础上,设计并实现一种基于SPML的业务流程建模系统。分析结果表明,该系统既能帮助用户进行业务流程分析和抽象建模,又能生成可执行文件和部署文件,完成流程的自动化部署。     

Modeling Multi-agent systems with ANote

An important issue in getting the agent technology into mainstream software development is the development of appropriate methodologies for developing agent-oriented systems. This paper presents an approach to model distributed systems based on a goal-oriented requirements acquisition. These models are acquired as instances of a conceptual meta-model. The latter can be represented as a graph where each node captures a concept such as, e.g., goal, action, agent, or scenario, and where the edges capture semantic links between such abstractions. This approach is supported by a modeling language, the ANote, which presents views that capture the most important modeling aspects according to the concept currently under consideration.     

多视点元模型间需求追踪性方法

以全面而统筹的眼光解决问题,则必须从局部分析不同的侧面,面向多视点的需求工程即为该理论的一个应用.多视点需求工程越来越受到重视,但是各视点间却缺少统一,这不仅不利于获取完整的系统需求,还导致需求变更困难等问题.为了解决以上问题,首先提出一个新的多视点建模过程框架,合理的建模框架有利于获取完整的系统需求.其次在多视点建模过程框架下建立追踪元模型,阐明系统需求在多视点元模型间的平稳过渡.最后结合需求追踪矩阵方法在追踪元模型间建立起追踪关系,进而通过计算变化追踪矩阵在需求变更时可以追踪到相关元素并进行更改,解决需求变更困难的问题.     

基于原语-模式的体系结构作战活动模型建模方法

为了理解、比较和集成由不同框架、不同工具及建模方法开发的体系结构,更好地支持以数据为中心的体系结构开发策略,提出了基于原语-模式的军事信息系统体系结构建模方法;依据XML的模型转换实现,重点研究了基于建模原语-模式的体系结构元模型与建模方法之间的语义映射规则;基于国际国防企业体系结构规范构建了作战活动模型(OV-5)的元模型,分别研究了OV-5的IDEF0建模和UML活动图建模的具体实现,构建了IDEF0及UML活动图与OV-5元模型数据元素严格的语义映射规则,规范了体系结构建模方法并保证了体系结构语义的精确性和一致性。     

Using BWW model to evaluate building ontologies in CGs formalism

The Bunge–Wand–Weber (BWW) representation model defines ontological constructs for information systems. According to these constructs the completeness and efficiency of a modeling technique can be defined. Ontology plays an essential role in e-commerce. Using or updating an existing ontology and providing tools to solve any semantic conflicts become essential steps before putting a system online. We use conceptual graphs (CGs) to implement ontologies. This paper evaluates CG capabilities using the BWW representation model. It finds out that CGs are ontologically complete according to Wand and Weber definition. Also it finds out that CGs have construct overload and construct redundancy which can undermine the ontological clarity of CGs. This leads us to build a meta-model to avoid some ontological-unclarity problems. We use some of the BWW constructs to build the meta-model.     

基于MDA的实时软件资源建模与模型转换的方法

模型驱动体系结构(MDA)是一种以模型为中心的软件开发框架,其本质是元建模与模型转换。提出了一种基于MDA的实时软件资源建模与模型转换的方法。首先通过元建模抽象出包含资源信息的MARTS元模型以及价格时间自动机的元模型;然后利用模型转换语言ATL对MARTS元模型和价格时间自动机元模型构造转换规则,通过将对应的实例模型进行相互转换,实现在MDA下MAR"I'E模型到价格时间自动机模型的转换;最后通过形式化工具UPPAAL对模型转换结果进行形式化验证。实例分析表明了该方法的可行性与有效性,它能够提高实时软件资源建模的可信性。     

业务导向及模型驱动MIS软件构建的模型体系研究*

针对目前模型驱动架构对MIS开发中的业务建模与需求建模不能提供有效支持这一问题,提出一个以业务为导向、支持模型驱动MIS软件构建的模型体系;建立了一个以业务过程建模为核心的集成化建模元模型,给出了模型详细定义,为实现业务导向及模型驱动的MIS构造模式提供理论基础。     

scenario modeling for government big data governance decision-making: Chinese experience with public safety services

In the public safety service context, government big data governance (GBDG) is a challenging decision-making problem that encompasses uncertainties in the arenas of big data and its complex links. Modeling and collaborating the key scenario information required for GBDG decision-making can minimize system uncertainties. However, existing scenario-building methods are limited by their rigidity as they are employed in various application contexts and the associated high costs of modeling. In this paper, using a design science paradigm, a model-driven scenario modeling approach is proposed to achieve flexible scenario modeling for various applications through the transfer of generic domain knowledge. The key component of the proposed approach is a scenario meta-model that is built from existing literatures and practices by integrating qualitative, quantitative, and meta-modeling analysis. An instantiation mechanism of the scenario meta-model is also proposed to generate customized scenarios under Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) theory. Two real-world safety service cases in Wuhan, China were evaluated to find that the proposed approach reduces GBDG decision-making uncertainties significantly by providing key information for GBDG problem identification, solution design, and solution value perception. This scenario-building approach can be further used to develop other GBDG systems for public safety services with reduced uncertainties and complete decision-making functions.     

A taxonomic framework for autonomous service management in Service-Oriented Architecture

Since Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) reveals the black box nature of services,heterogeneity,service dynamism,and service evolvability,managing services is known to be a challenging problem.Autonomic computing (AC) is a way of designing systems that can manage themselves without direct human intervention.Hence,applying the key disciplines of AC to service management is appealing.A key task of service management is to identify probable causes for symptoms detected and to devise actuation methods that can remedy the causes.In SOA,there are a number of target elements for service remedies,and there can be a number of causes associated with each target element.However,there is not yet a comprehensive taxonomy of causes that is widely accepted.The lack of cause taxonomy results in the limited possibility of remedying the problems in an autonomic way.In this paper,we first present a meta-model,extract all target elements for service fault management,and present a computing model for autonomously managing service faults.Then we define fault taxonomy for each target element and inter-relationships among the elements.Finally,we show prototype implementation using cause taxonomy and conduct experiments with the prototype for validating its applicability and effectiveness.     

A taxonomic framework for autonomous service management in Service-Oriented Architecture

Since Service-Oriented Architecture （SOA） reveals the black box nature of services, heterogeneity, service dynamism, and service evolvability, managing services is known to be a challenging problem. Autonomic computing （AC） is a way of designing systems that can manage themselves without direct human intervention. Hence, applying the key disciplines of AC to service management is appealing. A key task of service management is to identify probable causes for symptoms detected and to devise actuation methods that can remedy the causes. In SOA, there are a number of target elements for service remedies, and there can be a number of causes associated with each target element. However, there is not yet a comprehensive taxonomy of causes that is widely accepted. The lack of cause taxonomy results in the limited possibility of remedying the problems in an autonomic way. In this paper, we first present a meta-model, extract all target elements for service fault management, and present a computing model for autonomously managing service faults. Then we define fault taxonomy for each target element and inter-relationships among the elements. Finally, we show prototype implementation using cause taxonomy and conduct experi- ments with the prototype for validating its applicability and effectiveness.     

Holistic environmental soil-landscape modeling of soil organic carbon

In environmental soil-landscape modeling (ESLM), the selection of predictive variables is commonly contingent on the researchers' domain expertise on soil–environment processes. This variable selection strategy may suffer bias or even fail in regions where the process knowledge is insufficient. To overcome this problem, this study demonstrates a holistic ESLM framework which consists of five components: model conceptualization, data compilation, process identification, parsimonious model calibration, and model validation. Based on the STEP-AWBH conceptual model, a comprehensive pool of 210 potential environmental variables that exhaustively cover pedogenic and environmental factors was constructed. This was followed by strategic variable selection and development of parsimonious prediction models using machine learning techniques. The all-relevant variable selection successfully identified the major and minor factors relevant to the SOC variation, showing that the major factors important for explaining SOC variation in Florida were vegetation and soil water gradient. Topography and climate showed moderate effects on SOC variation. Parsimonious SOC models developed using four minimal-optimal variable selection techniques and simulated annealing yielded optimal predictive performance with minimal model complexity. The holistic ESLM framework not only provides a new view of selecting and utilizing variables for predicting soil properties but can also assist in identifying the underlying processes of soil-environment systems of interest. Due to the flexibility of the framework to incorporate various types of variable selection and modeling techniques, the holistic environmental modeling strategy can be generalized to other environmental modeling domains for both prediction and process identification.     

基于元模型的知识管理建模工具设计与开发

知识管理建模是构建组织知识管理系统的基础．组织知识管理建模远比信息管理建模复杂，迫切需要建模工具的支持．从知识内容和管理两个层面分析提出知识管理的建摸需求，以此为依据建立知识管理元模型．组织知识管理元模型包括组织战略、组织结构、组织流程和组织知识地图四个子模型．为了方便建模工具的开发，用组织知识管理对象建模语言集成各子模型对应的建模语言．在此基础上实现了一个知识管理建模工具．