鲜马奶对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了鲜马奶对小鼠免疫功能的影响.测定了小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素含量及T淋巴细胞转化率：结果表明，鲜马奶能增加胸腺指数及脾脏指数，增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能，使血清溶血素含量及T淋巴细胞转化率增高。结论：鲜马奶能使小鼠免疫器官重量增加．并能增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能、特异性体液免疫功能及特异性细胞免疫功能。     

五味子醇提残渣中粗多糖的免疫活性研究

目的:研究五味子醇提残渣中粗多精对小鼠免疫活性的影响.方法:采用热水浸提法从五味子醇提残渣中提取粗多糖.注射环磷酰胺(CTX)造成小鼠免疫功能低下模型,观察五味子粗多糖对小鼠腹腔吞噬功能、血清溶血素水平的作用.结果:北五味子脱蛋白粗多糖能极显著增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能(p＜0.001),未脱蛋白粗多糖能显著增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能(大剂量组P＜0.01、小剂量组P＜0.05),而南五味子粗多糖只有大剂量组能增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能(吞噬指数P＜0.05),并呈一定的量效关系.南、北五味子粗多糖大、小剂量组能显著提高小鼠血清溶血素水平(p＜0.01).结论:五味子醇提残渣中粗多糖具有较好的免疫增强作用.     

菠萝蜜低聚肽的免疫调节作用研究

目的:探究菠萝蜜低聚肽(jackfruit oligopeptides,JOPs)免疫调节功能。方法:采用SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠为实验对象,进行8项免疫实验测定,系统评价不同干预剂量(0.20、0.40、0.80 g/kg·bw)JOPs对小鼠免疫器官相对重量、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能、自然杀伤细胞(nature killer cell,NK细胞)活性以及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果:与空白对照组相比,JOPs 0.40、0.80 g/kg·bw剂量组脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),且JOPs 0.40 g/kg·bw剂量组脾脏指数显著高于乳清蛋白组(P<0.05);与空白对照组及乳清蛋白组相比,JOPs 0.40、0.80 g/kg·bw剂量组ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、足跖增厚度、溶血空斑数、碳廓清吞噬指数a、巨噬细胞吞噬率与吞噬指数及NK细胞活性显著提高(P<0.05),JOPs 0.80 g/kg·bw剂量组血清溶血素含量、CD3+T细胞数量、CD4+T细胞百分比及CD4+CD25+/CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值显著提高(P<0.05);各JOPs剂量组对小鼠体重增长、胸腺指数均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。结论:JOPs可提高机体适应性免疫及固有免疫功能,起到免疫增强作用。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖增强小鼠免疫功能的研究

研究乳酸菌胞外多糖在增强小鼠免疫功能方面的作用。将200 只昆明种小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为5 组,分别灌喂生理盐水及高、低剂量的乳酸菌胞外多糖纯多糖和粗多糖15d,测定小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫及单核- 巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。结果表明,与NS 组相比,多糖组可以显著提高小鼠脾脏、胸腺的重量,提高小鼠单核- 吞噬细胞碳廓清的能力,降低小鼠的血清溶血值;粗多糖高剂量组可以使小鼠足跖肿胀度明显增加;纯多糖高剂量组和粗多糖高剂量组可以显著地提高T 淋巴细胞的增殖(p ＜ 0.05 或 p ＜ 0.01)。因此,乳酸菌胞外多糖具有增强小鼠免疫力的功能。     

连翘叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

研究连翘叶多糖对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫低下模型小鼠的免疫调节功能。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺制造免疫抑制小鼠模型,考察不同剂量连翘叶多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脏器指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞增殖活性、血清IL-2和IL-4水平、溶血素水平和溶血空斑形成数量的影响。连翘叶多糖能明显提高环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力、血清中IL-2和IL-4水平、溶血素含量和溶血空斑形成数量。连翘叶多糖具有良好的免疫增强活性,在药品与功能食品的开发中具有较高的应用价值。     

骆驼初乳对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠免疫功能低下的调节作用

本文研究骆驼初乳对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用环磷酰胺腹腔注射法建立免疫低下小鼠模型,用不同剂量的骆驼初乳灌胃,30 d后检测免疫学指标,观察骆驼初乳免疫调节功能。用骆驼初乳和酪蛋白饲养小鼠,计算骆驼初乳食物转化率及蛋白质功效比值。骆驼初乳高剂量组T淋巴细胞阳性率和白细胞数分别是免疫低下组的2.2倍和1.4倍(p0.05);中剂量和高剂量骆驼初乳能够显著提高免疫低下小鼠CD4+/CD8+比值和Ig G水平(p0.05)以及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和免疫器官指数,同时能有效修复脾脏组织病理损伤;骆驼初乳的蛋白质利用率为85.05%,矫正蛋白质功效比值为3.17;本研究表明骆驼初乳可以增强免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能,对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫器官损伤有明显修复作用,骆驼初乳蛋白质为优质蛋白,更容易被吸收,更有助于免疫活性蛋白发挥免疫调节功能。     

大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的免疫机制研究

从免疫学角度出发探讨大豆多糖的抗肿瘤作用。采用动物移植性肿瘤实验观察大豆多糖对小鼠体内肿瘤细胞生长和免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的影响;MTT法测定T淋巴细胞增殖功能;流式细胞仪检测大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响;ELISA法检测荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2含量。结果表明大豆多糖对S180肉瘤生长有抑制作用,且以高剂量最佳;各剂量组对脾脏指数均有显著性提高,但中、高剂量给药组对胸腺有抑制作用;能提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性,与阴性对照组相比,中、高剂量组差异显著。大豆多糖明显增强ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖,与阴性对照组比较,中、高剂量组差异显著;能够不同程度地提高S180荷瘤小鼠脾细胞CD4+细胞数,增加CD4+/CD8+细胞比值;能提高S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中IL-2的含量。大豆多糖通过提高T淋巴细胞的增殖活性,并促进IL-2等细胞因子的分泌,由此发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

多年生藤本豆多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究多年生藤本豆多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:测定多年生藤本豆多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖、巨噬细胞吞噬活力及溶血素生成的影响。结果:多年生藤本豆多糖明显增强B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的增殖,促进小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬活力和溶血素抗体生成。结论:多年生藤本豆多糖明显增强小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能。     

牛初乳对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的探讨牛初乳对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将ICR雌性小鼠随机分为五组:正常对照组,模型对照组和牛初乳低、中、高剂量组。观察不同剂量牛初乳对免疫抑制小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数、细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果三个剂量组的脾指数和胸腺指数显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。中、高剂量组脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力显著高于模型对照组(P<0.01)。三个剂量组溶血空斑数均显著高于模型对照组但低、高剂量组低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。三个剂量组校正后吞噬系数α明显高于模型对照组及正常对照组(P<0.01)。中剂量组脾脏T淋巴细胞中CD4+百分比显著高于模型对照组及正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论牛初乳能够有效提高免疫抑制小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能和脾脏CD4+百分比。     

黄精多糖的提取及其对小鼠免疫活性的影响

目的:提取黄精多糖,观察黄精多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响,为其开发应用提供试验依据。方法:采用水溶剂煎煮提取、乙醇沉淀及Sevage法去蛋白制备黄精多糖。腹腔注射环磷酰胺,建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,测定低、高(200、600mg/kgbw)剂量黄精多糖(灌胃给药)对模型小鼠的免疫器官质量、血清溶血素和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果:黄精多糖的提取率为(9.20±0.15)%,纯度为(84.65±1.31)%。与模型对照组比较,黄精多糖可提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏、胸腺指数,显著促进溶血素的形成(P<0.05),显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数(P<0.05)。结论:黄精的多糖含量高。黄精多糖可明显改善环磷酰胺致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,提示黄精多糖具有开发价值。     

Effects of corn grain endosperm type and fineness of grind on site of digestion,ruminal digestion kinetics,and flow of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum in lactating dairy cows

Our objective was to evaluate effects of corn grain endosperm type and fineness of grind on feed intake, feeding behavior, and productive performance of lactating cows. Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in mid lactation (130 ± 42 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with main effects of corn grain endosperm type (floury or vitreous) and fineness of grind (fine or medium). Rations included alfalfa silage, corn treatments, protein supplement, minerals, and vitamins and were formulated to contain 29% starch, 27% neutral detergent fiber, 18.2% forage neutral detergent fiber, and 18% crude protein. Corn grain treatments supplied 86.2% of dietary starch. Endosperm was 25% vitreous for the floury treatment and 66% vitreous for the vitreous treatment. The floury treatment increased rate of starch degradation by 94% (19.2 vs. 9.9%/h) and decreased rate of starch passage by 38% (16.1 vs. 25.8%/h), increasing apparent ruminal starch digestibility by 117% (53.7 vs. 24.7%). The floury treatment increased total-tract starch digestibility by 8% (92.2 vs. 85.1%) despite 37% lower postruminal starch digestion for the floury treatment compared with vitreous corn (38.4 vs. 60.7% of starch intake). Fine grind size increased apparent ruminal starch digestibility by 52% (47.2 vs. 31.1%) compared with medium grind size by increasing the rate of starch degradation by 105% (19.5 vs. 9.5%/h) with no effect on rate of starch passage. However, total-tract starch digestibility was not affected by fineness of grind because postruminal starch digestibility was 37% greater for medium compared with fine grind size (57.2 vs. 41.9% of starch intake). Endosperm type did not affect flow of nitrogen (N) fractions to the duodenum or microbial N efficiency, whereas fine grind size increased duodenal flow of nonammonia N by increasing duodenal flow of microbial N by 22% compared with medium grind size (438 vs. 359 g/d) but did not affect apparent total-tract N digestibility. No interactions were detected for any measure of starch digestion, ruminal N metabolism, or flow of N fractions to the duodenum. Endosperm type greatly affected ruminal and total-tract starch digestibility independent of the fineness of grind of corn grain with no effects on flow of N fractions.     

自动包装机生产率的分析

介绍了自动包装机的理论生产率和实际生产率计算公式，分析了影响生产率提高的主要因素。     

用3M测试片检测食品加工环境李斯特菌

共采集112个环境样本,挑取了210个典型菌落,70个非典型菌落进行鉴定,评估3M测试片对食品加工环境中李斯特菌的检测能力。结果为3M测试片检测李斯特菌的阳性符合率为97·6%,阴性符合率为100%。这些结果表明3M测试片用于食品加工环境李斯特菌的快速检测不失为一种好方法。     

利用酶法促使骨粉中钙转化的研究

利用中性蛋白酶,胰酶和碱性蛋白酶作用于骨粉,胰酶可获得最大钙转化率。研究表明,骨粉中钙溶出率为２．５６％,骨钙转化率为１６．０％,并且确定胰酶最佳用量为骨粉：胰酶（ｗ／ｗ）＝１０００：１－２０００：１,最佳酶解时间为９－１０ｈ。     

Effects of corn grain endosperm type and conservation method on site of digestion,ruminal digestion kinetics,and flow of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum in lactating dairy cows

Our objective was to evaluate the relative effects of endosperm type and conservation method of corn grain on ruminal kinetics, site of nutrient digestion, and flow of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Seven ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows (73 ± 39 d in milk; mean ± SD) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used, with main effects of corn grain endosperm type (floury or vitreous) and conserved as dry ground corn (DGC) or high-moisture corn (HMC). Rations were formulated to contain 27.0% starch, 26.6% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 19.1% forage NDF, and 16.5% crude protein. Corn grain treatments supplied 86.6% of dietary starch, and alfalfa silage was the sole forage. True ruminal starch digestibility was increased by HMC compared with DGC (87.2 vs. 64.3%) and by floury compared with vitreous corn grain (83.7 vs. 67.7%). The increase for HMC compared with DGC was because of an increase in the degradation rate (33.8 vs. 23.1%/h) and a decrease in passage rate of starch (7.6 vs. 15.2%/h). The increase for floury compared with vitreous corn grain was because of an increase in the degradation rate (31.5 vs. 25.4%/h) and a decrease in rate of starch passage from the rumen (7.9 vs. 14.9%/h). Apparent total-tract starch digestibility was increased by HMC compared with DGC and by floury compared with vitreous corn, but the increase for floury corn was greater for the DGC treatment. Dry ground corn compared with HMC tended to increase nonammonia N flow to the duodenum (466 vs. 431 g/d) by increasing flow of nonammonia nonmicrobial N (211 vs. 111 g/d) despite a decrease in microbial N flow (255 vs. 320 g/d). Vitreous corn increased nonammonia nonmicrobial N flow to the duodenum (187 vs. 135 g/d) compared with floury corn, but microbial N flow to the duodenum was not affected by endosperm type. Efficiency of microbial N production was not affected by treatment. Endosperm type and conservation method of corn grain greatly affect digestion kinetics and ruminal digestibility of starch as well as flow of N fractions to the duodenum and should be considered during diet formulation for lactating cows.     

纤维素酶催化大豆异黄酮的水解

为充分发挥大豆异黄酮生物价值,采用纤维素酶催化糖苷型大豆异黄酮水解制备游离苷元型大豆异黄酮。通过考察10种纤维素酶对糖苷型大豆异黄酮总水解率和苷元型大豆异黄酮总转化率的影响,筛选得到一种成本较低且水解效果较好的纤维素酶,用于催化水解糖苷型大豆异黄酮,优化了该纤维素酶在水解工艺中底物质量浓度、酶添加量、反应体系pH、酶解温度、酶解时间等参数。结果表明：选择来源于Trichoderma viride的纤维素酶作为大豆异黄酮水解用酶;底物质量浓度0.8～2.0 mg/mL、酶添加量7%～11%、反应体系pH 5.0、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间5～6 h是较经济有效的水解工艺参数,实验优化过程中,大豆异黄酮总水解率超过90%,总转化率接近60%。因此,采用纤维素酶催化水解大豆异黄酮可显著增加游离苷元含量,提高大豆异黄酮利用价值。     

Da vinci IntelliMap软件在特种纸机上的应用

介绍了Da vinci Intelli Map横向控制优化软件的技术特点,以及该软件在牡丹江恒丰纸业股份有限公司特种纸机上的应用情况。详细总结了Da vinci Intelli Map软件的各种功能、使用方法和注意事项。     

基于锁相环技术的络筒机车速自适应

介绍了利用锁相环CD4046完成自动频率跟踪的方法,该方法克服了其他方法实时性和稳定性差的缺点,从而实现络筒机车速自适应.此技术广泛适用于电子清纱器、纱疵分级仪等纺织电子产品.     

透明质酸在肿瘤治疗中的应用

自上个世纪30年代透明质酸发现以来,人类对其进行了大量的研究。其在美容、类风湿性关节炎及术后防粘连等方面发挥了很大的功效。目前,根据透明质酸的理化性质,国内外开始着手对其进行肿瘤治疗方面的研究,虽尚没有确切数据予以说明,但还是取得了一定的疗效。本文在前人研究的基础上,综合国内外文献,根据透明质酸与CD44受体的结合作用,通过对其降解,对抗其与CD44受体的结合等方法主要探讨透明质酸在人类肿瘤治疗中的作用。     

提高鸡胸肉保水率的研究

研究了提高鸡胸肉保水率的工艺方法。通过单因素实验，研究了改性马铃薯淀粉、海藻胶、食盐、瓜尔豆胶、明胶、pH调整荆等添加剂对鸡胸肉的吸水率和失水率的影响，其中改性马铃薯淀粉最小失水率比空白对照低20％。基于单因素实验所选出添加剂组合进行正交实验，实验中考察鸡胸肉的吸水率和失水率，最终得出的最优配方为A3B3C3D3E3。即改性马铃薯淀粉浓度为0．8％、瓜尔豆胶浓度为0．6％、食盐浓度为0．5％、海藻胶浓度为0．4％、明胶浓度为0.06％。