扇贝裙边酱油的开发与研究

以扇贝裙边、豆粕、麸皮、小麦为原料,采用多菌种混合制曲,低盐固态发酵酿造扇贝裙边酱油.通过试验得出制曲最佳配料比为扇贝裙边200g、豆粕400g、麸皮400g、水700mL、小麦400g.发酵条件为盐度12%、曲水比11,前10d发酵温度为50℃,后20d发酵温度为45℃.扇贝裙边酱油与传统工艺酿造的酱油相比,海鲜风味浓郁,氨基酸态氮、全氮、牛磺酸、氨基多糖含量分别达到0.83/100mL、1.70g/100mL、7.82×10-5g/100mL、3.51×10-5g/100mL.     

不同酿造工艺对黑豆酱油理化特性和感官品质的影响

采用低温酿造、常温酿造和高温酿造工艺发酵黑豆酱油,检测发酵过程中3 组酱油的理化指标和感官指标。结果发现：低温酿造组原油品质高,氨基酸态氮含量为（1.02±0.10）g/100 mL,全氮含量为（1.65±0.17）g/100 mL,色值为14±1,香气浓郁、滋味芳醇;常温酿造组原油品质较均衡,氨基酸态氮含量为（0.88±0.09）g/100 mL,全氮含量为（1.60±0.15）g/100 mL,色值为11±1;高温酿造组原油品质一般,氨基酸态氮含量为（0.84±0.08）g/100 mL,全氮含量为（1.54±0.15）g/100 mL,色值为9±1,酱香浓郁、黏稠适中。     

酱油发酵过程中的耐盐乳酸菌筛选及对低盐固态酱油品质的影响

本文通过对酱醪中耐盐乳酸菌的筛选,成功分离出一株耐18%盐度的乳酸菌,经过16S r DNA测序鉴定,确定为一株植物乳杆菌。在酱油酿造过程中添加该耐盐植物乳杆菌,无盐固形物、氨基酸态氮、还原糖和总酸含量等理化指标都有所上升。经过液相测定,发现酱油中乳酸含量比空白增加2倍左右。挥发性风味物质中酮类和酚类物质增加2倍左右,醇类物质稍有增加。本研究为进一步安全有效提高酱油风味物质奠定理论依据。     

植物乳杆菌YSQ 规模化生产的低成本培养基配方优化

通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验设计及响应面法筛选适于植物乳杆菌YSQ株大规模发酵的低成本培养基。结果表明：单因素试验确定培养基成分：碳源为玉米粉、次粉+蔗糖;氮源为豆粕;番茄汁作为生长因子供体。利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响植物乳杆菌生长的4个主要因子：次粉、豆粕、K2HPO4和MnSO4。最陡爬坡、中心优化组合及响应面分析确定培养基各组分的最适添加量为：玉米粉10g/L、豆粕15.5g/L、次粉1.2g/L、蔗糖5g/L、番茄汁150mL/L、K2HPO4 1.1g/L、MnSO4 0.28g/L、MgSO4 0.3g/L。优化后,植物乳杆菌发酵18h的菌落总数从优化前的8.73×108CFU/mL(玉米粉、豆粕、次粉的混合料)提高到2.68×1010CFU/mL。     

甘氨酸甜菜碱及复合纤维素酶对酱油发酵的影响

将甘氨酸甜菜碱作为渗透压保护剂,于酱醪上罐时(0d)或酱醪发酵30d后添加到高盐稀态酱油发酵的酱醪中,同时添加外源复合纤维素酶,观察其对酱醪发酵的影响。结果表明：在酱醪上罐时(0d)或酱醪发酵30d后同时添加不同质量分数的甘氨酸甜菜碱(0.20%、0.30%)及质量分数0.15%的复合纤维素酶(105EGu/100g酱醪),均能有效提高发酵酱油中蛋白质转化率,达2.26%～7.92%。添加甘氨酸甜菜碱能显著改善高盐稀态发酵酱油头油品质,平均缩短发酵时间15d左右;另外,在酱醪发酵30d后再添加甘氨酸甜菜碱和外源复合纤维素酶其效果更佳,同0d时添加相比,蛋白质转化率平均提高了3.17%。     

益生菌发酵小米浆的工艺优化

以感官评分和菌落总数为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验对煮制后小米浆的发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,在浸泡、煮制并打浆后的小米浆中加入白砂糖6.5%、接种4%复合菌种（鼠李糖乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌=1∶1）、37 ℃条件下发酵28 h,获得的发酵小米浆感官评分和活菌数都较高,分别为87.81分、8.79 lg（CFU/mL）。且发酵后的小米浆还原糖含量、总酚含量、总矿物质释放率和氨基酸态氮含量分别由原来的0.28 g/100 g、0.13 μg/mL、1.28%、6.32 mg/100 g提高至0.66 g/100 g、0.75 μg/mL、5.43%、25.76 mg/100 g。     

老陈醋酿造过程中乳酸菌筛选及对风味的影响

为了解决发酵食醋酸口短、香甜口差、风味物质不突出的问题,从老陈醋酒醅中分离得到有利于食醋发酵的乳酸菌,经鉴定为植物乳杆菌。之后将分离筛选得到的优良植物乳杆菌应用于食醋的酿造。通过高效液相色谱测定有机酸含量,发现添加乳酸菌发酵的酒醅中乳酸含量明显升高。菌株协同发酵过程中,添加乳酸菌与未添加乳酸菌的醋醅进行比较,前者乳酸含量提高了2.1倍。发酵结束后,总酸含量前者为5.36g/100g,后者6.37g/100g。利用SPME-PA法检测发酵过程中醋醅样品香气成分,酯类风味物质由38.28%上升到51.49%。结果表明,添加乳酸菌后有益于液态酿造食醋风味的改善。     

液体发酵中以乙醇代盐生产低盐酱油的研究

用乙醇代替部分盐发酵55d生产的低盐酱油,其中20%盐、1%乙醇溶液泡曲发酵的原酱油中氨基酸态氮为0.865g/100mL,15%～17%乙醇溶液泡曲发酵生产的无盐原酱油中氨基酸态氮约为1.020g/100mL,提高了17%;在5%盐条件下,12%乙醇溶液泡曲得到低盐酱油的氨基酸态氮为0.992g/100mL,提高了14%;10%盐条件下,5%乙醇溶液泡曲得到低盐酱油的氨基酸态氮也达到0.990g/100mL,提高了大约14%。而含有10%盐、5%～7%乙醇的酱油样品风味最好。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶工艺研究

通过固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶,建立新的胡萝卜酸奶发酵工艺。经过单因素试验和正交试验,确定固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶的配方和发酵工艺。胡萝卜酸奶的配方：奶粉9g、胡萝卜13g、白砂糖8g、蒸馏水100mL。胡萝卜酸奶发酵工艺：固定化德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种与固定化唾液链球菌嗜热亚种的比为2:1 接种发酵液(菌种的总添加量为6g/100mL)、在37℃发酵培养7h、然后4℃冷藏12h。结果表明,采用固定化乳酸菌新技术可以发酵生产营养丰富、口感良好的胡萝卜酸奶。     

添加红枣汁对植物乳杆菌发酵胡萝卜品质的影响

为改善胡萝卜发酵制品的品质,本研究以植物乳杆菌为发酵菌株,探讨添加红枣汁对植物乳杆菌发酵胡萝卜(37 ℃发酵7 d)过程中理化指标和营养成分的影响。结果表明,与对照和未添加红枣汁发酵的胡萝卜相比,红枣汁发酵组的抗坏血酸和胡萝卜素含量显著升高,在发酵7 d后分别升高了8.48 mg/100 g(P<0.01)和1.29 mg/100 g(P<0.05)。红枣汁发酵组的总酚、总酸含量和活菌数显著高于对照和未添加红枣汁组(P<0.01)。红枣汁发酵组的多糖和亚硝酸盐含量降低,但与对照和未添加红枣汁组没有显著差异(P>0.05),同时,3组胡萝卜的质构特性、色差值和pH没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。上述结果显示,添加红枣汁对植物乳杆菌发酵胡萝卜的品质有一定程度的改善。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the