利用亚磷酸二甲酯蒸馏残液副产亚磷酸生产工艺述评

亚磷酸二甲酯是合成草甘膦的一个主要中间体,其蒸馏残液主要用于回收亚磷酸.文章分别阐述了用水解和酸解两种方法副产亚磷酸的生产方法,副产出含量在98%以上的亚磷酸,具有回收率高、产品质量好等优点,并减少了三废排放.     

亚磷酸工业生产方法的研究

本文详细介绍了亚磷酸的合成方法和工艺流程,其中还介绍了优级亚磷酸中杂质的去除方法.     

重铬酸钾法测定防锈颜料亚磷酸锌中的亚磷酸根

亚磷酸锌是一种优秀的防锈颜料,广泛应用于涂料行业当中.根据亚磷酸根具有还原性,设计在硫酸介质中,用重铬酸钾溶液氧化亚磷酸根,过量的重铬酸钾用硫酸亚铁铵反滴定,1,10-菲绕啉作为指示剂确定滴定终点.此方法测定亚磷酸根含量,在8～72 mg呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8 mg,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜1.27%,回收率在99.87%～100.22%,方法简便、可靠,可在实际中应用.     

亚磷酸镁制备初步研究

研究了酸碱中和法制备亚磷酸镁的反应条件,探究了亚磷酸与碳酸镁以不同配比进行反应时对所得产物的影响,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、电位滴定、氧化还原滴定等方法对制备的产物进行了表征。结果表明,当亚磷酸与碳酸镁物质的量比约为1.0时形成的是6水合亚磷酸镁;当亚磷酸与碳酸镁物质的量比约为2.0时则形成了酸式盐即0.33水合亚磷酸氢镁;当亚磷酸与碳酸镁物质的量比偏离1.0和2.0较远时,有形成非晶态物质的倾向。氧化还原滴定法测定亚磷酸与碳酸镁物质的量比为1.0所得产物时,以亚磷酸计质量分数为72.66%,折算成亚磷酸镁质量分数为92.43%;测定亚磷酸与碳酸镁物质的量比为2.0所得产物时,以亚磷酸计质量分数为84.79%,折算成亚磷酸氢镁质量分数为96.32%。电位滴定分析结果表明,亚磷酸镁盐滴定曲线有两个突跃,与亚磷酸的二元酸的性质吻合。     

利用亚磷酸二甲酯副产高沸物生产亚磷酸和氯甲烷

利用盐酸或氯化氢气体与亚磷酸二烷基酯生产过程中产生的高沸物进行反应生成了工业级亚磷酸及氯甲烷，从而提供了一种将亚磷酸二烷基酯生产过程中产生的高沸点副产物以高的产率转化为工业级亚磷酸和氯甲烷的新工艺，解决了现有技术中亚磷酸二甲酯生产的环境污染问题以及高沸物利用率不足的问题。     

亚磷酸的新型制备方法的研究

本文是以亚磷酸纳为原料采用电解水的方法制备亚磷酸，本工艺方法简单，产品纯度高，设备投入小，且无废渣，废液产生，对环境不造成污染，属于清洁生产。     

亚磷酸锂盐制备研究

分别采用复分解法（以亚磷酸二钠、氢氧化锂为原料）、中和法（以亚磷酸、氢氧化锂为原料）制备亚磷酸锂盐,研究反应产物产率并对产物进行X射线粉末衍射（XRD）表征。实验结果表明：中和法终点pH对产物产率影响显著,终点pH从12.21降低到4.21时产物产率从62.76%提高到88.20%;中和法终点pH 4.21条件下的生成产物XRD图谱与亚磷酸二氢锂标准物质的峰形吻合,中和法终点pH 12.21条件下产物和复分解反应的产物,其XRD图谱明显不同于亚磷酸锂标准物质衍射峰,也与现有数据库的图谱不吻合。     

次亚磷酸镍的生产

该生产工艺为在水溶液系统中用次亚磷酸与碱性镍盐反应，将次亚磷酸、硝酸或硫酸添加剂到反应混合物中，反应完成后，将pH值调至≤3，然后进行循环过滤以提高产量，上面所用的碱性镍盐为氢氧化镍或碱式碳酸镍，该次亚磷酸镍可用于非电镀镀镍。     

液体亚磷酸中盐酸和亚磷酸含量的测定

本文介绍了采用双指示剂法直接用碱标准溶液测定液体亚磷酸中盐酸和亚磷酸含量。     

亚磷酸锌的合成,表征及应用研究

研究了亚磷酸锌的合成方法，测定了亚磷酸锌的化学组成，ＤＴＡ曲线及Ｘ－ｒａｙ相分析，并研究了它的防能和阻燃性能。实验结果证明亚磷酸锌可以作为防锈颜料和阻燃剂。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997