基于SSR分子标记的宁粳28籼粳成分分析

[目的]为杂交水稻育种提供科学依据.[方法]以水稻品种宁粳28为试验材料,选取分布于水稻12个连锁群上的136对SSR引物,以2个测序品种日本晴和9311分别为典型粳稻与籼稻标准,利用SSR分子标记技术分析3个品种在DNA水平上的多态性差异,研究宁粳28粳稻与籼稻成分在染色体上的分布.[结果]宁粳28叶片DNA的PCR扩增产物经5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,16个标记住点为偏籼稻带型(大多数位点分布于3、5、8号染色体上),4个标记位点无多态性,8个标记住点为籼粳中间型,其余107个标记位点为偏粳稻带型,[结论]宁粳28为典型的粳稻,其籼稻成分只占被抽查住点的9.56%.     

几个稻米品种(系)中脂肪酸含量的研究

[目的]为植物油品质的改良提供参考,同时为稻米资源的开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]利用气相色谱法对津川2号、盐丰-47、中作93、E-28、津原-45稻米品种(系)中脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析.[结果]稻米品种(系)中脂肪酸主要为棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸,其中盐丰-47油酸含量最高为35.7%,而津川2号亚油酸含量最高,达到43.1%.[结论]5种稻米的不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高,具有较高的营养价值和开发前景.     

普通小麦与硬粒小麦远缘杂交F1代性状研究

[目的]研究青海当地栽培小麦品种与硬粒小麦的人工杂交,为利用硬粒小麦来改良青海栽培小麦提供参考依据.[方法]以青海省栽培小麦为母本,硬粒小麦为父本进行远缘人工杂交,研究杂交结实率以及F1代的发芽率和成苗率.[结果]栽培小麦与硬粒小麦杂交结实率为48.56%,F1 代发芽率为31.68%,成苗率为34.65%.[结论]普通小麦与硬粒小麦具有一定的可杂交性,不同组合杂交结实率、发芽率和成苗率差异显著.     

10个小麦品种面粉品质对其面条品质影响的研究

[目的]研究小麦面粉及面条若干品质性状的品种间差异,分析小麦面粉与面条若干品质性状间的相关性.[方法]选用烟农19、皖麦48和扬麦12等10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,分别测定其面粉的14个主要品质性状和面条的8个品质性状,并进行面粉与面条各品质性状间的相关性分析.[结果]小麦面粉14个主要品质性状及面条8个品质性状的品种间差异均达到极显著水平;面条色泽和表现状态均与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、灰分含量、总戊聚糖含量、非水溶性戊聚糖含量呈显著或极显著负相关,与高峰粘度、最后粘度等部分淀粉性状呈显著正相关;面条适口性、光滑性和面条评分也表现出相似趋势.[结论]该研究10个小麦品种的面粉品质对其面条品质具有显著影响.     

ISSR-PCR分子标记法鉴别宁杞1号与雄性不育枸杞

[目的]探索在核酸分子水平上鉴别道地药材宁夏枸杞中不同的品种.[方法]从50务ISSR引物中筛选合适的引物对宁杞1号与雄性不育2个品种进行PCR扩增及电泳分析,寻找特征位点.[结果]1条ISSR引物扩增出较为明显的多态性特征条带,可用于宁杞1号与雄性不育的鉴别.[结论]ISSR-PCR作为一种简便、可靠的分子标记方法,可用于枸杞的鉴别.     

小麦生物产量影响因素初探

[目的]分析小麦的生物产量及其影响因素.[方法]以10个小麦品种(系)为试材,对小麦的生物产量与产量构成因素的差异显著性扣相关性进行分析,并分别就小麦生物产量与产量和形态性状进行通径分析和相关分析.[结果]10个品种(系)间的生物产量和产量差异达显著水平,其变幅分别为16 400～19 900和8 124.0～9 463.5 kg/hm2,收获指数在0.448 2～0.508 5.小麦生物产量与产量和有效穗数呈极显著正相关,与高效叶面积指数呈显著正相关,但与收获指数呈极显著负相关,与穗粒数和千拉重以及上3叶面积、株高、穗长等形态性状的相关性不显著.小麦生物产量和经济系数对产量的直接通径系数分别为1.251和0.838.[结论]适当提高有效穗数和高效叶面积指数,改良株型.可提高小麦生物产量,进而获得高产.     

小麦SRAP-PCR体系的正交设计优化

[目的]优化小麦SRAP-PCR技术体系.[方法]以小麦丰优68为试材,利用正交设计L16(45)对小麦SRAP-PCR反应体系中的5因素(Taq聚合酶、Mg2+、模板DNA、dNTPs、引物)在4个水平上进行优化试验.[结果]不同因素对小麦SRAP反应体系的影响为:Mg2+>Taq聚合酶>dNTPs>模板DNA>引物;优化的小麦SRAP-PCR体系为:在20μl反应体系中,包括10×PCR Buffer 2.0μl、Mgt2+2.0mmol/L、Taq聚合酶2.0U、dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L、模板DNA 40 ng、引物0.6 μmol/L.[结论]该优化体系为小麦资源SRAP遗传分析奠定了技术基础.     

光强对温室黄瓜植株形态和光合特性的影响

[目的]进一步了解弱光对黄瓜生长的影响.[方法]以栽培面积较大的密刺型黄瓜品种碧玉、中农21号、津优3号和北京103为试材,用市售遮阳网创造不同的光照条件,遮光率分别为25%和50%,在日光温室中进行遮光处理试验,研究不同遮光条件对不同黄瓜品种的植株形态和光合特性的影响.[结果]遮光处理可使黄瓜出现徒长,降低干物质和产量,其中,减产幅度最大的为北京103,遮光50%处理比全光照对照的单株产量减少66.7%,减产幅度最小的为津优3号,产量减少25.6%.遮光处理使黄瓜的叶绿素a含量明显降低,对叶绿素b含量和叶绿a/b没有明显影响,但使叶绿素a+b含量明显降低,其中,津优3号的叶绿素a和叶绿素a+b含量降低幅度最小,抗弱光能力较强.[结论]津优3号是适合北方地区温室生产的优良的抗弱光品种.     

小麦种质资源在育种上应用价值的鉴定与评价

[目的]鉴定与评价小麦种质资源在育种上的应用价值.[方法]对260份小麦育种材料的冬春性、抗寒性、抗病性及一些农艺性状进行了观察记载,并对部分性状进行了室内分子标记检测鉴定.[结果]小麦的冬春性受春化基因的控制,决定着小麦的种植区域,小麦的抗寒性和生育期与冬春性密切相关;小麦抗病性的室内分子检测结果与田间的抗性表现基本一致,通过对各种病害(白粉病、纹枯病、叶锈病)病情指数的相关性进行分析发现,抗病性间相关性不显著;通过对部分已审定品种的产量结构和综合农艺性状进行分析,了解了目前育成品种的产量结构和产量水平.[结论]为小麦育种研究提供了理论依据.     

紫花苜蓿菌核病抗病基因ISSR标记初步研究

[目的]研究紫花苜蓿菌核病抗病基因的ISSR标记技术.[方法]运用ISSR分子标记技术,结合集群分离分析法时5株抗病植株和7株感病植株进行抗菌核病基因连锁的分子标记筛选;用叶片离体接种法对高抗83号×高感4号杂交F<,1>代的94个植株进行抗性验证.[结果]在93个ISSR引物中,有35个引物能够产生清晰稳定的扩增条带,其中6个引物能在抗痛、感病DNA池间产生9个特异性条带.抗性验证试验结果显示:825-1400、831-1480、850-1800、858-1600、866-1900、888-1400可以作为苜蓿菌核病抗性基因的ISSR分子标记.[结论]研究结果为紫花苜蓿菌核痛抗病基因的定位、克隆、转基因等深入研究奠定了基础.     

LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx合金在室温区的大磁热效应

从室温磁制冷目的出发,用工业纯原料制备了具有NaZn13型结构的稀土铁基化合物LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4,0.5),并对其磁热效应进行了研究.实验结果表明,LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx合金在室温区具有大磁热效应,在x＝0.2时,磁熵变|ΔSm|的峰值位于居里温度TC＝270K处,1.5T外磁场下达到7.3J/kg·K,直接测量绝热温变ΔTad达到2.7K;B元素作为置换原子和间隙原子进入NaZn13相,显著提高了合金的磁熵变和居里温度.     

Relations between Quenching Rate and Electrochemical Characteristics of Mm (NiCoMnA1) 5Bx (x=0～0.2) Electrode Alloys

Low-Co AB5-type Mm(NiCoMnA1)5Bx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 ) electrode alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching.The effects of the rapid quenching on the lattice constants, microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were investigated in detail.The obtained results show that the rapid quenching made lattice constants and cell volume increased.In a range of the quenching rate, rapid quenching can increase the discharge capacities of the alloys.However, the discharge capacity of the as-quenched alloy is lower than that of the as-cast alloy when quenching rate is more than a critical value.The cycle lives of the alloys increase monotonously with the increase of the quenching rate.     

7-D-ALA]-angiotensin 1-7 blocks renal actions of angiotensin 1-7 in the anesthetized rat

Exogenous angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 affects renal function, but the receptor(s) involved in this response remain(s) to be determined. In an in vitro preparation of proximal tubules, Ang 1-7 was shown to act on Ang II AT1 receptors (minor component), but also on a non-AT1, non-AT2 Ang receptor (major component) to inhibit reabsorption. In brain, Ang 1-7 also exerts effects mediated by a non-AT1, non-AT2 binding site; these effects are inhibited, however, by the angiotensin analog [7-D-Ala]-Ang 1-7. Therefore we tested the effect of Ang II AT1-receptor antagonist losartan and [7-D-Ala]-Ang 1-7 on the renal response to exogenous Ang 1-7 in standard renal-clearance experiments in the anesthetized rat. We found that Ang 1-7 (100 pmol/kg/min, i.a.) increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow rate (UV), and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) without affecting mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) or urinary potassium excretion (UKV), confirming previous reports. Losartan (10 mg/kg, i.v.) blocked the pressor effect of exogenous Ang II (100 pmol/kg/min, i.a.), but did not significantly affect the renal response to Ang 1-7. Conversely, pretreatment with [7-D-Ala]-Ang 1-7 (5 nmol/kg/min) did not affect the pressor effect of Ang II, but abolished the renal response to Ang 1-7. Application of [7-D-Ala]-Ang 1-7 in the absence of exogenous Ang 1-7 did not alter MAP or GFR, but increased UNaV (by 52%). Our data indicate that similar to the response in brain, the renal response to exogenous Ang 1-7 may be mediated predominantly by a distinct non-AT1 binding site, which is sensitive to blockade by [7-D-Ala]-Ang 1-7. Furthermore, ambient endogenous Ang 1-7 acting on this distinct binding site may not contribute significantly to control of MAP or GFR, but exerts an antinatriuretic influence in the anesthetized rat.     

Red Emitting Phosphor (Y, Gd) Bx V1- x O4- x :Eu3 + with High Color Purity for Plasma Display Panels

(Y, Gd)BxV1- xO4-x :Eu3 phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction. The red emission color purity of (Y, Gd)Bx V1 - x O4-x :Eu3 phosphor is much better than that of the recent widely-used commercial red emitting phosphor (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3 and its relative emission intensity is 84% of the commercial phosphor (Y, Gd)BO3 :Eu3 . It is expected that (Y, Gd) Bx V1 -x O4: Eu3 phosphor will be a promising candidate for PDP (plasma display panels) application.