近30年来大兴安岭林区气候时空变化特征

利用大兴安岭地区近30年(1971～2000年)的气象观测资料,分析了该区气温、降水量等的时空变化特征及其与全球气温变化的关系.结果表明,大兴安岭地区的气温变化与全球平均气温升高存在一定的对应关系,年均降水量随全球气温升高呈增加趋势.1988～2000年间降水量增加最为明显.该区降水主要集中在7～8月;近30年来,日照时数无明显变化.     

1959-2009年土默川地区气温和降水量变化分析

应用1959-2009年土默川地区气温和降水量观测资料,对该地区的气温和降水量变化状况进行了分析.结果表明,区域内各站降水量年变化趋势不明显,但20世纪60-80年代呈下降趋势,80～90年代呈上升趋势,最近10年又处于下降趋势.该地区年平均气温一直呈明显的上升趋势,特别是近20年处于气温变暖的快速增长期,呼和浩特市区气温的升高幅度大于该地区内其他测站,上升幅度最大的是90年代,比80年代升高0.83℃;春、夏、秋季气温上升幅度相对小,而冬季气温上升幅度最大,90年代冬季变暖最为明显,比80年代升高1.35℃.呼和浩特市区年平均气温的分布表明了城市化进程对局地气温的影响.     

辽宁西部朝阳农村气温和热量资源变化分析

[目的]研究辽西朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征.[方法]选取1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村气象站资料,应用序列相关和气候倾向率等统计方法,对朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征进行分析,掌握该农村的气候现状.[结果]1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的年均值呈波动变化,其中日最高气温年均值趋势升高增温幅度最大(0.328℃/10a),且显著水平最高,是气温升高的主体;日平均气温增幅(0.151℃/10a)和显著水平次之;日最低气温呈下降趋势,且显著水平不明显.在冬、夏半年时间尺度里,日最高气温平均值趋势升高明显,气候倾向率分别为0.417和0.250℃/10a,以冬半年升高最突出;日平均气温趋势性显著水平较低,日平均最低气温趋势性不显著.辽西朝阳农村≥10℃积温呈波动增加趋势明显,气候倾向率为42.590(℃·d)/10a,近45年趋势增加192(℃·d).[结论]该研究为调整农业结构和品种布局等农业措施提供气候依据.     

近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征

[目的]研究近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征.[方法]利用近50年建昌县气候资料,采用常规数理统计方法,分析了1960～2009年建昌县霜期光照、气温变化趋势.[结果]1960～2009年建昌县霜期日照时数、日照百分率呈减少趋势,气候倾向率分别为-55.556 h/10 a、-2.39%/10 a,近50年分别减少了278 h和12%;1981、1982年发生了气候跃变,跃变前后日照时数、日照百分率分别减少161 h和7%.霜期气温总体呈升高趋势,平均气温、平均最高、最低气温气候倾向率分别为0.386、0.392和0.567℃/10 a.近50年分别上升了1.93、1.96和2.84℃;1987、1988年发生气温跃变,跃变前后霜期平均气温、平均最高、最低气温分别升高了1.3、1.2和1.7℃.近50年来,建昌霜期光照资源减少,而热量资源增加,形成光热互补.[结论]该研究为当地霜期设施农业的发展提供了气候依据.     

塔城市近47年气候变化特征

利用塔城市1961～2007年地面气象资料,分析了47年来温度、降水、日照和风速的变化特征,结果显示,气温呈明显上升趋势,气温变化速率迭0.50℃/10a.47年平均气温上升了约2.4℃.四季季平均气温整体上都呈上升趋势,冬季气温最为明显,线性增长率达0.85℃/10a;秋季次之,线性增温速率为0.58℃/10a;夏季线性增长速率为0.39℃/10a;春季线性增温速率最小为0.34℃/10a,年平均最高气温的年代际变化呈波动式上升特征,增温卒为0.37℃/10a.春、夏、秋、冬的线性增温率分别为0.217、0.266、0.488和0.540℃/10a.平均最低气温年代际变化与平均最高气温年代际变化比较相似.近47年来,年降水量呈增加趋势,降水量倾向率3.49 mm/10a,年降水量变化的波动较为明显,春、夏季降水量变化不太明显,秋季降水量有明显的减少趋势,冬季降水量上升趋势最明显,对全年降水量上升趋势贡献最大,其次为春季.近47年来,平均日照时数有明显的下降趋势,其变化速率为-21.1 h/10a.年平均风速呈较小的减弱趋势,减少速率仅为-0.08 m/s·10a.     

近57年来本溪地区干湿程度演变分析

[目的]分析近57年来本溪地区干湿程度的演变情况.[方法]采用1953～2009年本溪地区的年、季、月气温和降水资料,分析了温度、降水和干湿指标的年代际变化.[结果]本溪地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0.29℃/10 a;而降水量呈明显减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-29.Ol mm/lOa.干湿指数呈波动性减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-33.61 mm/lOa,这与20世纪80年代后温度升高、降水减少是密切相关的.[结论]本溪地区呈暖干化发展趋势.     

沈阳沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化及气象灾害对策

[目的]研究沈阳沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化及气象灾害对策.[方法]利用沈阳沈北新区近38年气象观测资料,采用常规数理统计方法,分析沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化,并探讨气象灾害天气的应对措施.[结果]近38年来,沈北新区光照条件一般,冬季平均日照时数较短(551 h),呈缓慢减少趋势,但降幅并不明显;沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气温倾向率0.371 ℃/10 a,冬季气温倾向率0.313℃/10 a,气温虽呈升高趋势,但波动幅度较大,让生产管理难以控制;较寒冷期(11～3月)历年降水量、阴天日数呈增加趋势,对蔬菜大棚生产影响较大;低温寡照阴天是该区冬季气候特点,对发展蔬菜大棚产业不利,冬季增加取暖措施有望正常发展.[结论]研究结果可为当地设施农业的发展提供科学依据.     

近58年沈阳地区积温变化趋势及其对农业生产的影响

[目的]研究沈阳地区近58年积温变化趋势及其对农业生产的影响.[方法]利用沈阳地面气温资料,应用气候统计学方法,分析了近58年沈阳≥0℃、≥10℃积温变化趋势,并探讨了积温变化对农业生产的影响.[结果]近58年来,沈阳地区气温≥10℃初日提前约10 d,终日推后不明显,持续日数延长13 d,≥0℃积温增加343℃;≥10℃初日提前约9 d,终日推后8 d,持续日数延长16 d,≥10℃积温增加370℃;后20年平均值与前20年相比,≥0℃、≥10℃持续日数均延长9 d,≥0℃、≥10℃积温分别平均增加196、202℃.另外,沈阳地区热量的增加对当地农业生产有一定影响.[结论]该研究可为当地掌握热量资源变化特征及调整农业布局提供理论依据.     

1960～2009年民勤地区气候变化特征分析

利用民勤气象站1960～2009年逐日平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、平均风速、平均相对湿度、日照时数和降水量的观测数据,结合P-M模型所提供的最大可能蒸散量计算方法,运用一元线性回归分析了民勤地区气温、降水、最大可能蒸散量及湿润度的变化特征.结果表明,近50年来,民勤地区年平均气温以0.397℃/10 a的速率呈极显著上升趋势,和同时期西北干旱区年平均气温升温速率相当;各季节平均气温亦极显著上升,且以冬季上升幅度最为突出;年降水量以2.508 mm/10 a的速率呈不显著增加趋势,各季节降水量变化趋势亦不明显,但均略有增加;年最大可能蒸散量以-7.233 mm/10 a呈不显著减小趋势,各季节最大可能蒸散量均呈减小趋势,但均不显著;年湿润度以0.005/10 a的速率略增大趋势,各季节湿润度亦均呈增大趋势,但均不显著.     

新疆塔城地区近54年气温变化特征及趋势分析

[目的]分析塔城地区气温的变化特征.[方法]利用塔城、和布克塞尔、托里、乌苏4个典型气象站点1955～2008年的月平均气温资料,运用小波分析、气候趋势系数等方法,对塔城地区气温多时间尺度特征及其未来的变化趋势进行了分析.[结果]塔城地区多年平均气温为5.88℃,气温年际变化相对平稳,变差系数为O.130～O.265,极值比在1.73～3.79;气温序列分布呈现平顶峰型,年均气温相对较为离散.塔城地区气温存在5年、准9年扣准14年的主周期;20世纪70年代处于冷期,平均气温仅为3.77℃,80年代是近54年来最暖年代.均温达8.10℃,90年代以来,相较80年代,塔城地区气温有所下降,但仍高于70年代,预计未来气温仍将会有所升高.塔城地区各区域年及四季平均气温均呈显著升高趋势,冬季升温最明显,幅度达1.15～2.05℃/10a,夏季升温速率最小为0.16～0.45℃/10a,年均气温变化速率为0.40～O.78℃/10a.[结论]塔城地区的气温变化对气候变暖呈现正响应趋势.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)