不同复层次群落下土壤理化性质分析

[目的]研究复层次群落下的油松-早熟禾、云杉-早熟禾以及落叶松-白三叶3种乔草群落的土壤理化性质,为复层次群落的乔草配置提供理论依据.[方法]对土壤含水量、pH、有机质含量进行测定.[结果]落叶松乔草群落下的土壤含水量高于其他2种乔草群落;土壤pH的排序为落叶松群落>云杉群落>油松群落;土壤有机质含量排序与土壤pH排序相同.[结论]土壤有机质含量越高,土壤pH越高,呈正相关性.这与底层地被植物的种类有着直接关系.豆科白三叶能够提高土壤pH和土壤有机质含量.     

苹果-茶间作对茶树新梢生长状况及产量的影响

[目的]探讨苹果-茶间作对茶树新梢生长状况及产量的影响.[方法]以苹果-茶间作园中的茶树和邻近未间作茶树叶片为研究对象,观测了其在年生长周期中茶树生长状况及茶鲜叶产量的变化情况.[结果]不同季节,间作及对照茶树新梢生长差异较大.春、夏、秋季,间作茶树的冠面温度较对照茶树低,冠面湿度则较对照茶树高,而在冬季,间作茶树的冠面温、湿度均与对照茶树差异不显著;间作茶树的呼吸强度极显著低于对照茶树,净光和强度极显著高于时照茶树,而光和强度的变化无明显规律;间作对茶树新梢发芽密度虽无显著影响,但因其促进茶芽提早萌发、增加了芽叶重量,进而提高了茶鲜叶产量.[结论]为复合生态茶园间作的合理配置和无公害茶叶的生产提供了理论依据.     

吉林省西部羊草草地土壤类型及土壤质地的微域性特征研究

[目的]为综合研究草原植被的土壤特征以及草原生态的保护与重建提供理论依据.[方法]以吉林省西部地区草原中角碱蓬群落、星星草群落、寸草苔群落、芦苇群落、羊草群落、扁杆蔗草群落、圆叶碱地毛茛群落、鹅绒萎陵菜群落等8个常见"斑块式"植物群落以及光碱斑为研究对象,时其土壤中的可溶性盐离子及土壤机械组成进行研究.[结果]整个养草草地的土壤盐分以苏打为主,且含有一定量碱土金属碳酸盐、少量氯化物及硫酸盐.苏打成分在各个群落中体现出光碱斑>角碱蓬群落>星星草群落>寸草苔群落>芦苇群落>羊草群落>扁杆蔗草群落>圆叶碱地毛茛群落>鹅绒萎陵菜群落的特点,且与土壤中可溶性盐分总量及土壤碱化度变化次序基本一致.[结论]所有土壤都有不同程度的盐碱化现象.     

日光温室土壤温度变化特征和预报模型研究

[目的]研究日光温室内土壤温度变化规律及其预报模型.[方法]利用徐州地区标准日光温室内外气温和温室内多层次土壤温度观测资料,分析了温室内各层土壤温度的年变化和日变化,并对温室内土壤温度的预报模型进行了模拟和检验.[结果]温室内土壤温度年变化和日变化均呈单峰曲线,下层温度变化振幅小于上层.温室内各层土壤温度(最高值、最低值和平均值)与当日温室外同类型气温的相关性最为密切.以当日和前一日温室外日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温为预报因子,建立了温室内同类型不同层次土壤温度预报模型.温室内各层日平均温度的模拟效果优于对应层的最高温度的模拟效果,劣于对应层日最低温度的模拟效果;下层土壤日最高温度和日平均温度的模拟效果优于上层;实测土壤温度在15～30℃模拟效果较好,其他温度段模拟值较实测值偏低.[结论]该研究为日光温室内植物的生长发育环境提供理论依据.     

温度对花鼠心率及呼吸频率的影响

[目的]研究温度对花鼠心率及呼吸频率的影响.[方法]在0～30℃之间设6个温度梯度,测定花鼠心率及呼吸频率.[结果]花鼠心率总体随温度升高而升高,呼吸频率随温度的升高而减少;心率及呼吸频率与温度呈显著的线形回归关系.[结论]温度对花鼠心率及呼吸频率有影响.     

近49年辽阳市玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响

[目的]分析近49年辽宁省玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响.[方法]利用线性趋势模拟、滑动平均等方法,将标准化后的1961～2009年辽阳市玉米播种期、营养生长期及生殖生长期气温、降水、日照等气象资料和玉米单产资料进行对比分析.[结果]近49年玉米生长季各个时期平均气温均呈上升趋势,营养生长和生殖生长期增温明显;降水在播种期变化不大,在营养生长和生殖生长期呈减少趋势;日照在整个生长季均呈减少趋势.无论在哪个生长时期,气温的升高对玉米产量的增加都起到了一定的促进作用;降水和日照的减少是造成近4年玉米小幅减产或增产缓慢的原因.[结论]该研究为政府和农业部门领导科学安排指挥农业生产,充分利用温、光、水资源及准确预报玉米产量提供参考依据.     

伏牛山植被及土壤养分分布特征研究

[目的]研究伏牛山地区植被群落特征和不同植被带土壤养分分异规律.[方法]采用群落生态学的调查方法, 分析了伏牛山南北两坡植物种类分布特征、植物种的地理分布特征以及海拔梯度上的植被垂直带谱.采用常规养分分析法, 测定了不同植被带的土壤养分含量.[结果]伏牛山现有微管植物175科、892属、2 879种,其中,中国特有种1 400种、热带分布种388种、温带分布种601种;由于伏牛山南北两坡植被分布的不同,导致相应植被带的土壤养分存在明显分异.[结论]该研究对了解伏牛山地区植被与土壤的生态过程具有指导意义.     

草地早熟禾根系生物量分布动态

[目的]研究秋季生长季中草地早熟禾根系生物量、根重密度、根长密度的分布动态.[方法]采用土钻法在生长季内对草地早熟禾草坪取样,研究根系生物量、根重密度、根长密度在时间、空间上的动态变化,以及生物量与土壤含水率的关系.[结果]在秋季生长季中,草地早熟禾根系生物量、根重密度、根长密度的变化规律相同,8月底达到峰值,分别为0.18 g/cm2、5.75×10-3 g/cm3和114.64cm/cm3.根系各指标的空间分布规律相同,随着土壤深度的增加,呈逐渐减少趋势.生物量与土壤含水率的变化趋势相同,说明草坪草在不同土壤水分条件下对根系分配不同的光合产物.[结论]该研究为认识根系周转规律,C、N在城市生态系统中循环、再分配的过程及根系不同时期的吸收策略提供理论基础.     

光照对采后蔬菜呼吸强度变化的影响

[目的]研究光照对贮藏期蔬菜呼吸作用的影响.[方法]以各蔬菜的最佳低温贮藏保鲜温度为参照,从高温到低温依次对每一种供试蔬菜设定3个温度梯度,分别对同梯度温度下青椒、西兰花、花椰菜、双孢菇在黑暗和光照下的呼吸强度进行比较.[结果]在设置的同一温度梯度下,与黑暗条件相比,光照可不同程度地降低青椒、西兰花的呼吸强度,但光照对花椰菜、双孢菇呼吸强度的影响不显著;同时光照对贮藏期蔬菜呼吸强度的影响还与贮藏温度有关,贮藏温度越低,光照对蔬菜呼吸作用影响越小.[结论]适当光照能降低离体果蔬的呼吸强度,对果蔬贮运具有重要意义.     

茶园原生动物群落结构与土壤质量评价

[目的]分析城固茶园土壤原生动物群落结构,评价茶园土壤质量.[方法]物种鉴定采用活体观察和固定染色法.[结果]共鉴定出土壤原生动物6纲16目29属39种,其中包括4个未定名种.[结论]城固茶园土壤原生动物群落结构简单化,土壤质量属中度污染.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.