不同基因型杜仲叶片中绿原酸含量的检测

[目的]检测不同基因型杜仲叶片中的绿原酸含量.[方法]以超声波助提法提取绿原酸,采用HPLC法检测和二倍体含量,色谱柱为Eclipse xdb-c18柱(4.6 mm×150.0 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水(10:90)为流动相,检测波长为327 nm.[结果]四倍体和二倍体杜仲叶片中绿原酸的平均含量分别为4.005和为0.850 mg/g.[结论]四倍体杜仲叶片中绿原酸含量显著高于二倍体.     

道地产区大黄中5种蒽醌类化合物含量测定

[目的]对甘肃礼县大黄中5种游离蒽醌类成分进行比较测定.[方法]用 HPLC 法同时测定药材中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚等5个主要成分含量;HPLC 条件:色谱柱为Agela Venusil XBP-C<,18>柱(4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸(85:15,V/V),检测波长为254 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为40℃,进样量为5μL.(结果]5个成分在测定范围内线性关系较好(r>O.999 9),平均回收率分别为99.12%、98.42%、96.18%、96.44%、97.11%.不同产地大黄药材中各种游离蒽醌类成分含量有较大差异.[结论]该方法精密度、重现性、稳定性好,适于掌叶大黄药材中游离蒽醌类成分的质量控制.     

RP-HPLC法测定土藿香根中乌索酸和齐墩果酸的含量

[目的] 建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定土藿香(Agastache rugosa)根中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量的方法,为土藿香的研究开发提供试验依据.[方法]色谱柱为C18分析柱(4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈- 甲醇-0.3% H3PO4水溶液 (V∶V∶V=60∶30∶10),流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长为210 nm,柱温为常温.[结果]在选定色谱条件下2种成分线性关系良好,乌索酸和齐墩果酸的样品加样回收率分别为99.6%和98.9%,RSD分别为3.12%和1.99%.土藿香根中乌索酸和齐墩果酸的平均含量分别为0.138 mg/g和0.147 mg/g.[结论]该方法快捷、准确、可靠,可用于土藿香根中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量的定量分析,为土藿香药用价值的开发提供了试验依据.     

HPLC法测定棉团铁线莲中齐墩果酸的含量

[目的]采用HPLC法测定棉团铁线莲(Clematis hexapetala)根及茎叶中齐墩果酸含量,为进一步开发棉团铁线莲药用资源提供理论依据.[方法]色谱柱为YW-C18柱(4.6 mm×150.0 mm,5 μm); 流动相为甲醇-水(V∶V=90∶10);检测波长为220 nm;进样量为10 μl;流速为1.0 ml/min;柱温为25 ℃.[结果]棉团铁线莲根中齐墩果酸的含量为0.175 2%,茎叶中齐墩果酸的含量为0.096 3%.[结论] 该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于棉团铁线莲中齐墩果酸的含量测定;同时该研究为评价棉团铁线莲茎叶的药用价值提供了参考,为进一步开发棉团铁线莲药用资源和质量控制提供了科学依据.     

HPLC法测定六味地黄丸熊果酸的含量

[目的]用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定六味地黄丸(浓缩丸)的熊果酸含量,提高熊果酸的质量控制标准.[方法]色谱柱:Welch Materials AQ-C18柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×250.0 mm);流动相:乙腈-水-磷酸(V:V:V=90:10:0.1);柱温:25 ℃;流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长为210 nm.[结果]在0.457 6～1.542 3 μg/ml的线性范围内,熊果酸与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为99.31%,RSD值为1.09%(n=6).[结论]高效液相色谱法灵敏、简单、快速、准确,适用于六味地黄丸(浓缩丸)熊果酸含量的测定.     

云南鬼灯檠属植物中岩白菜素含量比较

[目的]比较云南鬼灯檠属植物不同种及产地样本的岩白菜素含量.[方法]采用HPLC 测定云南鬼灯檠属植物不同种及产地样本的岩白菜素含量.色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax XDB-C<,18>.柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0-10 min,0%-20%A,100%-80%B),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μl,检测波长275 nm.[结果]岩白菜素在3～48μg/ml 之间与吸光度值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 6.4个种及变种的鬼灯檠属植物样本岩白菜素含量以西南鬼灯檠平均含量最高为5.59%,七叶鬼灯檠平均含量最低为3.45%.[结论]鬼灯檠属植物不同种之间岩白菜素含量不同,同种不同居群之间的岩白菜素含量变化也明显.     

HPLC法测定锦灯笼宿萼中槲皮素的含量

[目的]建立HPLC测定锦灯笼[Physalis alkekengi L.var.franchetii (Mast.)Makino]宿萼中槲皮素含量的方法.[方法]色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18(250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(V:V=55:45);流速为1.0 ml/min;进样量为20 μl;检测波长为360 nm;柱温为50 ℃.[结果]槲皮素进样浓度在4.0～40.0 μg/ml范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6);槲皮素平均回收率为98.17%,RSD值为0.46%.[结论]该方法简便、准确,可用于锦灯笼宿萼的质量控制.     

大黄药材中大黄苷元含量测定

[目的]采用HPLC法测定不同产地的大黄药材中5种蒽醌苷元的含量.[方法]HPLC色谱条件为:色谱柱为Diamonsil C<,18>柱(5μm,250.0 mm x 4.6 mm);流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液(V:V=85:15);流速为1 mL/min;检测波长245 nm;进样量为20 μl.[结果]大黄各苷元线性关系良好,平均回收率为97.55%～100.87%,RSD值为1.38%～2.47%.大黄药材中各苷元含量范围分别为:芦荟大黄素0.26%～0.52%,大黄酸0.21%～1.47%,大黄素0.26%～0.40%,大黄酚0.29%～1.95%,大黄素甲醚0.48%～2.72%.[结论]该方法精密度良好、重现性、稳定性好,适合大黄药材中各大黄苷元的质量控制.     

黄芪药渣中黄芪甲苷含量的测定

[目的]测定黄芪药渣中黄芪甲苷的含量.[方法]用高效液相色谱法,HPLC条件:Agilent Zorbax XDB-C<,18>(4.6 mm×150.0 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水(35:65,v/v),流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长203 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μl.[结果]黄芪甲苷在0.23-2.3μg/ml范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.00%,RSD值为2.00%(n=9),黄芪药渣中黄芪甲苷含量为0.74 mg/g.[结论]该方法快速、简便,黄芪药渣仍有较大的再利用价值.     

菜芙蓉醇提物金丝桃苷含量测定及对肿瘤细胞生长抑制作用

[目的]建立测定菜芙蓉(Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic)醇提物金丝桃苷含量的方法以及研究菜芙蓉醇提物对Hela肿瘤细胞生长的抑制效果.[方法]采用体积分数为80%的乙醇提取总黄酮,HPLC法测定菜芙蓉不同植株部位中金丝桃苷含量.色谱柱为伊利特C<,18>(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸溶液(V/VWV,60:40),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为360 nm和进样量为10μl.另外,MIT法测定菜芙蓉提取物体外抗Hela肿瘤细胞活性.[结果]金丝桃苷在0.04～0.4 mg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8.幕芙蓉不同部位金丝桃苷含量分布为:花>叶>茎>根>籽,花中平均含量最高达4.002%.平均回收率和RSD值分别为99.23%和1.08%(n=6).菜芙蓉黄酮提取物能够有效地抑制Hela细胞的生长,IC<,50>约为228 μg/ml.[结论]该方法准确、简便、重复性好,可作为菜芙蓉金丝桃苷定量分析方法;菜芙蓉总黄酮具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.     

Botulism in Poland in 1996

A model is presented in which ion translocation through the F0 part of the ATP synthase drives the rotation of the ring of c subunits (rotor) versus the a subunit (stator). The coupling ion binding sites on the rotor are accessible from the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell except for the c subunit at the interface to the stator. Here, the binding site is accessible from the periplasm through a channel formed by subunit a. In the ATP synthesis mode, a coupling ion is anticipated to pass through the stator channel into the binding site of the adjacent rotor subunit, following the electrical potential. Occupation of this site triggers, probably by electrostatic forces, the rotation of the ring. This makes the binding site accessible to the cytoplasm, where the coupling ion dissociates. Simultaneously, this rotation moves again an empty rotor subunit into the contact site with the stator, where its binding site becomes loaded and rotation continues.