农村养老保险的现状、问题与出路——以福建省宁德市为例

家庭养老、土地养老是宁德农村养老的主要形式,社区养老在宁德当前还没有推广价值,宁德当前不仅"老农保"参保率低、养老金的保障水平也低,而且"新农保"才刚刚处于试点阶段.宁德农村养老保险存在的问题是:对农村农民养老保险认识不到位影响了农民的养老习惯;"老农保"参保率太低,保障水平过低;筹资渠道少、筹资能力弱;基金保值增值难,基金管理较为松散.宁德农村养老保险的出路在于要总结"新农保"试点经验,尽快上升为人大地方法规,实现新农村养老保险有法可依;加强财政支持,提高补贴标准,用利益诱导农民参与"新农保";加强农村基层"新农保"机构建设,实现"新农保"的社会实效;切实做好新老农保的制度衔接,实现农村保险制度的稳定性,扩大农民的参保率.     

我国农村市民社会建设的途径及其整合

改革开放为农村市民社会的内源性发展释放了空间,但是由于特殊原因,农村市民社会内源性发展乏力以及非正常化发展,迫使农村市民社会建设走上了国家主导的外源性发展道路,而国家主导则在制度内卷与农民非制度参与的非良性互动中陷入困境.阐述了我国农村市民社会建设的核心与实质、途径及其困境,提出了我国农村市民社会建设的整合路径.     

发展视角下的西北农村社区服务

西北农村社区是一个生产和生活紧密结合的共同体.在西北农村自然和社会禀赋不足的情况下,如何把农村社区服务与农业生产、农民增收结合起来,如何将社区服务作为提升居民生存发展能力和促进当地农村社会持续发展的手段是西北农村社区服务必须面对的挑战.从发展理论视角出发分析了西北农村社区服务的现状、理念、政策与实务,认为西北农村社区服务应立足于"发展"定位,明确政府的主导责任,建立包括政府、民间组织、社区居民多元参与的上下和水平合作的伙伴关系.     

当代农村老年人突出问题研究——基于陕西关中地区南堡子村的调查

通过对陕西关中地区南堡子村的深入调查,发现由于农村经济贫困、社会养老政策缺失以及道德舆论淡漠、家庭矛盾等重要原因,大多农村老年人的物质和精神生活极度贫乏.农村老年人的状况令人担忧,必须引起家庭.地方政府和社会的重视,采取必要的措施,保证每一位老年人都能幸福安度晚年.     

从刺激消费看新型农村养老保险制度

新型农村养老保险制度,具体表现在增加老年人收入,减轻农村居民的养老负担、制度保障农民养老.改变"储蓄养老"的农村养老现状等几个方面,新型农村养老保险制度对拉动农村居民消费需求起到了很大的促进作用.但是目前我国新型农村居民还有很多尚未满足的消费需求,所以新型农村养老保险制度惠及各类农村主体在养老制度保障下,将在带动我国的国内消费方面能起到更大的作用.     

和谐农村构建途径探析

在分析影响构建和谐农村因素的基础上,从农村的经济发展、基层民主、教育水平、养老医疗保障和文化活动5个方面论述了构建和谐农村的途径选择.     

沈阳市县域地区三农问题现状及其对策探索

沈阳市县域地区经济上主要以农业为主.近年来各县政府高度重视农业结构调整,积极吸引外地先进技术并通过鼓励农村发展养殖业、种植业等渠道促进农民增收.但是仍然存在一些制约经济发展的因素,特别是三农问题.主要体现在农村养老医疗保险、农村基层民主建设、农村文化教育和农村基础社会设施建设方面都有待进一步加强.     

系统论视角下生态农村建设的思考

以系统论为指导,全面分析了影响我国生态农村建设的各种因素:环境污染的自然因素和人为因素、经济建设因素、管理因素、文化道德因素.考虑到各因素之间的协同效应,指出了生态农村建设的长期性与动态性.     

农村移居老年人的社会适应及其影响因素探析

在人口老龄化和城市化的背景下,采用大连市213份农村移居城市老人的问卷调查数据,对其社会适应的状况及影响因素进行分析.结果表明,教育程度和参与社区活动的频率是影响农村移居老年人社会适应的主要客观因素;而地区归属感和生活满意度是影响移居农村老人社会适应的主要主观因素.     

福建省养老服务问题及对策初探

在分析福建省养老服务事业发展所面临的问题基础上,对发展福建省养老服务事业提出对策和建议,指出要以科学发展观为指导,发展养老服务理念:加快政府职能转变,推进养老服务体系建设:建立社会多元筹资模式,鼓励社会力童投入养老产业:提升社区服务水平,优化社区养老服务体系运行机制:建立专业化养老工作者队伍,充分发挥志愿者作用,力图为发展养老服务需求提供政策理论依据,积极有效地应对福建省人口老龄化以及社会变迁.     

论从实践理解世界的物质性和自然世界的先在性

马克思主义唯物论是一种物本主义形态的唯物论,还是一种超越物本主义形态、从实践理解世界的本质相关问题的实践的唯物主义的唯物论?这是一个我们必须搞清楚的有关马克思主义唯物论的本质规定性和精神实质的重大问题.在考察物本主义的唯物论及其思维方式的局限性的基础上,揭示了马克思主义唯物论是现代的、实践的唯物主义,并重点研讨了马克思主义唯物论关于从实践理解世界的物质性和自然世界的先在性的原理,以期为马克思主义唯物论进一步阐明人类世界的实践性原理奠定基础.     

Effect of cyproheptadine on the ultrastructure of the neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus of the rat

The data are presented on changes in the rat arcuate nuclear neuron ultrastructure after using cyproheptadine (peritol, Egyt Pharmaceutical Works, Hungary) in a water suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily during 7 successive days and twice a day within 10 days. It was shown that cyproheptadine decreases the functional activity of the arcuate nuclear neurons, depending on the total amount of the drug used. Cyproheptadine-induced inhibition of the forming neurohormone release from neurons is likely to be one of the mechanisms of its therapeutic effect in Itsenko-Cushing's disease.     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue whose activity was revealed after alpha-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres. Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa. The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S1-S4. S1, S2 and usually S3 fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S2, S3 and sometimes S1 fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S3, usually S2 and occasionally S1 fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S4 fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors. There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Structure of the attachment of the vocal ligament to the perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage

The ventral attachement of the ligamentum vocale of eleven larynges (new-born and adults has been studied in sagittal, frontal and horizontal sections. 1. Supplementary to the known structure of the ventral attachement of the ligamentum vocale we have noticed collagen fibers which ascend in the inner angle of the thyroid cartilage and which partly cross to the other side. Sometimes a few fibers which are running downward have been observed. This structure of the attachement must be more firm than the known structure. 2. Moreover it has been observed that a lot of the angles of the crossing collagen fibers in the cartilage of the lamina mediana (near the attachement of the ligamentum vocale) are right-angled, whereas the angles of the fibers which lie in the laminae laterales in their majority are acute-angled. This phenomenon also is interpreted as a structure which makes the lamina mediana firmer. The fact, that this structure is not so evident in the specimens of the new-born as in those of the adults indicates that there are postnatal changes in the structure of the lamina mediana.