五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染危害评价

[目的]评价五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染的危害程度.[方法]采样分析五指山茶园表层土壤重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)的平均含量及富集状况,分别以现代工业化以前沉积物中重金属的全球最高背景值和我国<土壤环境质量标准>的一级自然背景值为参比值,采用潜在生态危害指数法对五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的富集系数和生态危害系数以及生态危害指数进行了评价.[结果]以2种背景值为参比得出的重金属污染水平相近,Cd和Pb是对五指山茶园表层土壤生态环境具有潜在影响的主要重金属元素.[结论]五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的潜在危害程度为轻微-中等污染水平.     

渭河干流陕西段国控断面沉积物重金属分布及潜在生态危害评价

分析了渭河陕西段5个国控断面近岸沉积物中Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni 6种重金属元素的水平及垂直分布特征.结果表明,表层沉积物中Zn、Pb在整个河段都有富集,Cd在耿镇桥富集比较明显,其他元素的含量基本上都保持在自然背景水平.除Cd外,沉积物中主要金属元素含量之间存在明显的相关关系,并且受沉积物有机质含量的影响较大.采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指教法对渭河沉积物重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评估.重金属的潜在生态危害评价显示,耿镇桥断面Cd潜在生态风险中等,其他各断面重金属的潜在生态风险较小.     

海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

[目的]对海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属元素进行生态地球化学调查和生态风险评价.[方法]时海南岛西部地区砖红壤中的Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb 6种重金属的含量进行分析,并用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法评价了砖红壤中重金属综合污染效应.[结果]海南岛西部地区砖红壤中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为65.57、35.16、93.56、8.50、0.24、79.29 mg/kg.其中主要的重金属污染因子是Pb.各金属影响因子的顺序为Pb>Cu=Zn>Cr>As>Cd;各种重金属的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为Pb>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Zn;潜在生态风险指数(RI)平均值为45.14,属于低生态危害范畴.[结论]海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属污染属于轻微污染.     

闽江口塔礁洲湿地重金属的分布特征

对闽江口塔礁洲湿地40个采样点的表层沉积物中的重金属含量进行测定.结果表明:Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量分别为4.13-42.62、40.31-104.63、50.36-516.39、0.14-1.39mg·kg-1;各元素平均含量从大到小排序为Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd;对比国内外典型河口,塔礁洲湿地的Cu、Cd含量处于较低水平,但Pb、Zn的污染则较为严重;地累积指数法评价结果显示,塔礁洲主要受Cd和Zn的污染,不同重金属污染程度从大到小排序为Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu;潜在生态危害指数法评价结果显示,塔礁洲湿地的潜在生态危害指数(RI)均值为315.7±156.4,属于强的生态危害;塔礁洲湿地主要潜在生态危害重金属为Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn,均属于轻微的生态危害.     

贵州丹寨县铅锌矿区小流域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为探究贵州丹寨县铅锌矿区矿业活动对土壤系统运转对环境影响,以丹寨县兴仁镇铅锌矿区土壤为研究对象,采集小流域内河流周边不同土地利用类型土壤表层(0~20cm)的样品,分析测定土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg、As 7种重金属含量。应用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态指数法对矿区不同土壤层重金属进行污染程度和潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,0~10cm土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg、As含量分别是贵州省土壤背景值的0.65、5.13、1.74、2.45、0.59、5.08、0.27倍。10~20cm土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg、As含量分别是贵州省土壤背景值的0.71、3.11、1.18、2.21、0.65、4.88、0.21倍。不同小流域与不同深度土层危害程度有所差异,通过评价结果得出研究区主要污染重金属元素为Cd、Hg,土壤重金属处于中等及以上潜在生态危害程度。     

原子吸收法测定双黄连口服液中微量元素

[目的]测定双黄连口服液中微量元素Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量.[方法]利用湿法消化处理样品,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn含量,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定Pb、Cd含量.[结果]双黄连口服液中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Cd含量分别为0.418 7、4.8520、3.687 3、5.304 7、0.553 5、0.022 l mg/L,其中Cu、Pb、Cd含量均未超标,可以安全服用.[结论]利用原子吸收法测定双黄连口服液中的微量元素含量结果准确、可靠,该方法可用于其他中成药口服液中微量元素的测定.     

某锰矿区土壤剖面重金属形态迁移转化特征及生态风险评价

对贵州省某锰矿区剖面土壤进行采样,测定其中Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、Pb和Cd含量,并采用改进的BCR连续提取法分析重金属的赋存形态,利用风险评价编码法（RAC）及次生相与原生相比值法（RSP）对其进行风险评价。结果表明,1）研究区域土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb和Mn的质量浓度平均值分别为2.63、126.39、48.95、751.8、37.28和4 992.88 mg/kg,均高于贵州土壤背景值。从土壤重金属垂向分布来看,由于矿区土壤受到较多人为影响,导致土壤垂向重金属元素含量未表现出明显的规律性。2）不同重金属的赋存形态分布差异较大,Cd的主要赋存形态为弱酸溶态,Pb、Mn均以可还原态为主,Cr、Zn和Cu均以残渣态为主,其中Cd、Cu元素有效态均表现出在表层富集的特征。3）潜在生态风险评价结果表明,研究区域土壤Cd有较高的污染风险,土壤Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb和Cr以中低风险为主。不同剖面深度土壤Cd和Cu生物有效形态组分污染风险均呈由浅至深逐渐降低的趋势。     

典型冶炼企业集中区土壤重金属污染分析及风险评价

以南方典型有色金属冶炼企业集中区为研究对象,对冶炼企业厂界内表层土壤中Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Hg、Cu、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni八种元素含量进行测定分析,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法、潜在生态风险和健康风险模型对冶炼厂的生产区、储存区、废水治理区、固废贮存区或处置区进行重金属污染评价及风险评价。结果表明,冶炼厂内土壤受到Cd、Pb、As、Zn四种元素不同程度的污染;风险评价结果显示,冶炼厂内土壤总体存在强潜在生态风险,Cd、As、Zn是主要生态危害元素;同时As存在非致癌风险和致癌风险,Pb存在非致癌风险;厂内污染主要集中在生产区和废水治理区。     

某镍钼矿区周边土壤重金属风险评价及种植蔬菜健康风险评估

为调查某镍钼矿区周边土壤重金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni及Cr)污染情况和周边蔬菜及水稻中重金属含量对居民的影响,在矿区周边采集土壤样品,并采集其周边土壤根际的蔬菜或水稻样品。对土壤中重金属污染潜在生态风险进行评价,利用健康风险评估法对各种蔬菜或水稻判别重金属对人体健康影响程度,并采用生物富集系数法对各种蔬菜或水稻对重金属元素富集情况进行调查。结果显示,与贵州省土壤背景值相比,各个取样点重金属含量均存在超标现象,其中以Ni超标最严重。潜在生态危害趋势为Eir(Cd)Eir(Ni)Eir(Cu)Eir(Pb)Eir(Zn)Eir(Cr),17号样点污染最严重,达到强生态危害级别。未发现可对Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb及Zn有富集能力的蔬菜及水稻,但发现辣椒和萝卜对Cd有较强吸收,水稻、萝卜及玉米对Zn具有较强吸收。结合重金属总量分析及潜在生态风险评价,研究区应注意Ni及Cd污染治理与防治,还应注意Cr及Pb造成的健康风险。     

龙江河近岸沉积物重金属含量与污染评价

采用分层采样法采集龙江河近岸44个沉积物样品,研究其重金属含量特征及污染情况。结果表明:沉积物中,w(As)、w(Cd)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cu)平均值分别为28.32、4.62、60.89、198.30和22.13 mg/kg,均不同程度高于背景值;地累积指数法分析结果表明,沉积物主要受到Cd、Pb、Zn的污染,其中Cd污染最严重;表层沉积物中,Cd、Pb、Zn的I_(geo)均大于0,表层以下均有一些深度重金属I_(geo)较表层高;各采样点综合潜在风险指数平均值在390.19～857.31之间,属于强至极强潜在生态风险级别,Cd贡献率为91.16%～95.34%。综上表明,沉积物主要受到Cd、Pb、Zn,特别是Cd的污染,表层以下一些深度污染更严重。评价结果对该流域及下游水环境的污染治理提供了参考依据。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.