冬瓜香菇酸乳饮料的研制

[目的]以冬瓜、香菇、牛奶为主要原料,通过发酵生产一种新型复合酸乳饮料,为其推广提供参考.[方法]将冬瓜、香菇分别取汁,选取嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆茵(1∶1)的混合菌种为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵生产复合酸乳饮料,通过L9(33)正交试验优化最佳发酵工艺参数.[结果]冬瓜、香菇复合酸乳饮料的最佳配比为:蔗糖用量7%,冬瓜汁与香菇提取液的质量比为2∶3,其添加量为25%,稳定剂添加量为0.2%,发酵温度为42℃,接种量为5%,发酵时间为4.5 h,产品经调酸后pH值为4.25.[结论]冬瓜、香菇复合乳酸饮料滋味独特,香气浓郁,价格低廉,具有较高的营养和保健价值.     

薏米和糯米混合发酵酸奶研究

[目的]开发结合薏米和糯米本身营养特点、具有独特口味及营养丰富的一款新型功能健康发酵酸奶.[方法]以薏米和糯米为主要原料,通过混合发酵,得到一款营养丰富的功能性酸奶.[结果]薏米和糯米的最佳配比为:薏米乳(料水比1∶6) 和糯米浆(料水比1∶7) 之比为1∶2,蔗糖6.00%,柠檬酸0.25%,黄原胶 0.10%,CMC-Na 0.12%,蔗糖酯0.08%.[结论]该研究可为薏米和糯米的综合开发应用提供参考.     

凝固型枸杞胡萝卜汁酸奶的研制

[目的]研究凝固型枸杞胡萝卜汁酸奶的加工工艺.[方法]以枸杞、胡萝卜、牛奶为主要原料,白砂糖、稳定剂为辅料,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂,采用正交试验确定凝固型枸杞胡萝卜汁酸奶的最佳配方.[结果]枸杞汁的最佳澄清奈件是:果胶酶为0.05%,温度为45℃,时间为80 min,pH为3.5;胡萝卜汁的最佳澄清条件是:果胶酶为0.06%,温度为45℃,时间为180 min,pH为3.5;枸杞胡萝卜汁凝固型酸奶的最佳配方是:枸杞5%,胡萝卜7%,白砂糖6%,接种量4%,复合稳定剂(CMC:明胶为1:1)0.2%,发酵时间为3.5 h.[结论]产品酸甜适口,风味独特,营养丰富,具有保健作用.     

蒲菜汁饮料生产工艺研究

[目的]研究蒲菜鲜汁加工成新型绿色保健饮料的最佳工艺.[方法]通过单因素和正交试验,研究蒲菜汁饮料的最佳配方和工艺条件.[结果]最佳配方为:料液比15%.蔗糖4%、柠檬酸0.09%、明胶0.10%.混合物料经20 MPa均质,90～100℃杀菌10 min,最终获得乳白色、无沉淀、口感佳、具有浓郁蒲菜香气的饮料.通过感官指标、理化指标、微生物指标进行检测得到合格的蒲莱汁饮料,保存期可达6个月以上.[结论]该工艺条件下生产的蒲菜汁饮料口感好、营养丰富、稳定性强.     

果蔬复合果丹皮的加工工艺研究

[目的]研究海带的脱腥工艺和复合果丹皮的配方.[方法]以海带、苹果、胡萝卜等为主要原料,通过正交试验优选复合果丹皮的最佳工艺配方,并用绿茶进行了海带的脱腥处理试验.[结果]用浓度为1.5%的茉莉花茶60℃处理海带10 min可脱腥.复合果丹皮的最佳配方:苹果浆:海带浆:胡萝卜浆为2:1:1,加糖量为30.00%,柠檬酸0.90%,海藻酸钠0.10%调配,在60℃下干燥6.0 h.[结论]在最佳工艺条件下,可得色泽、风味、口感较好的果蔬复合果丹皮.     

沙枣果酒加工工艺研究

[目的]优化沙枣果酒加工工艺.[方法]以沙枣为原料,经加水浸提后,调糖、调酸并添加酵母进行发酵;利用单因素试验和正交试验设计研究二氧化硫的添加量、酵母用量、沙枣汁初始糖度及主发酵温度对发酵的影响.[结果]结果表明,沙枣果酒的主发酵最佳工艺条件为:SO2添加量为80 mg/L,主发酵温度在22.5 ℃,初始糖度18%,酵母接种量0.25%;在该最佳工艺条件下,发酵的沙枣酒酒度为10.0%(V/V).[结论]该加工工艺研究为沙枣果酒的生产提供了理论依据.     

钙果奶酪涂抹酱的研制

[目的]以自制的鲜奶酪和钙果为主要原料,研究钙果奶酪涂抹酱的最佳配方.[方法]利用单因素试验和L<,9>(3<'4>)正交试验,以产品的感官评价为指标,确定产品最佳的配发.[结果]该产品的最佳配方为:在鲜酪中分别添加9%钙果汁、0.2%黄原胶、3%乳化剂、8%蔗糖.[结论]该产品不仅丰富了奶酪品种,而且提高了奶酪的营养价值.     

乳酸菌发酵茶饮料加工工艺优化

[目的]时用乳酸菌发酵茶饮料的加工工艺进行优化,为利用茶叶浸提液发酵制备饮料的生产提供参考.[方法]以茶叶为原料,加入100倍的水,在60℃下浸提15 min.浸提液中加入糖、乳粉等原料进行乳酸菌发酵.通过单因素试验和正交试验对影响乳酸菌发酵的几个因素(乳酸菌接种量、加糖量、加乳粉量、发酵时间)进行优化.[结果]得到乳酸菌发酵的最佳工艺条件为:茶叶浸提液中加蔗糖量为8%,加乳粉量为13%,接种量为3%,发酵温度为40℃,发酵时间为6 h.[结论]在优化后的工艺条件下制作的茶饮料,既有茶的各种香味物质和营养成分,又有酸奶的营养成分,而且风味好、品质佳,是一种集营养和保健作用于一体的多功能饮品.     

低糖雪莲果果酱的研制

[目的]研究低糖雪莲果果酱的最佳配方及生产条件.[方法]以雪莲果为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对低糖雪莲果的配方、雪莲果原浆的护色、增稠剂的使用进行研究.[结果]100℃条件下热烫1 min,并添加抗坏血酸、柠檬酸调整雪莲果原浆pH值为4.0,可以有效阻止绿变的发生;低糖雪莲果酱的最佳配方为:雪莲果原浆为主要组分,CaCI<,2> 0.2%,蔗糖20%,浓缩时间30 min,pH 4.0,魔芋胶0.1%、低甲氧基果胶0.5%.[结论]最佳试验条件下研制的雪莲果果酱可溶性固形物控制在40%以下,风味宜人,形态、口感良好.     

雪莲果的护色及其糖制工艺优化

[目的]优化雪莲果的护色硬化及糖制工艺.[方法]以贮藏6个月的雪莲果为原料,采用无硫护色硬化技术,通过正交试验优化雪莲果的护色硬化液配方及糖制工艺.[结果]雪莲果的护色硬化液最优配方为:氯化钠0.8%、柠檬酸1.0%、氯化钙1.0%、亚硫酸钠0.1%,烫漂4 min后的雪莲果果坯经此配方的护色硬化液处理后,色泽好,质地脆.雪莲果的糖制工艺条件为:经上述护色硬化处理后的雪莲果在蔗糖浓度为30%,柠檬酸用量为1.0%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.8%,浸糖温度为50 ℃,浸糖2 h.按此工艺制作的雪莲果脯色泽金黄,透明度好,表面光滑,脯体饱满,软硬适度,酸甜可口,具有雪莲果的清香味.其中蔗糖浓度、浸糖温度及浸糖时间是雪莲果脯糖制过程中的关键控制因子.[结论]该研究为雪莲果深加工过程中的护色硬化处理及开发利用提供了理论基础.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.