果胶酶用于制取脐橙果汁的优化工艺研究

[目的]研究果胶酶制取脐橙果汁的优化工艺.[方法]采用果胶酶制取脐橙果汁,通过单因素试验和正交优化试验研究酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH4个因素对脐橙出汁率的影响.[结果]在酶添加量0.06%、酶解时间0.5 h、酶解温度45℃、酶解pH4.0,脐橙的出汁率最高可达到53.93%.[结论]该研究结果为脐橙果汁的深加工奠定了基础.     

酶解制备水溶性大豆多糖的研究

[目的]采用植物复合水解酶水解不溶性豆渣粉制备水溶性大豆多糖(SSPS),研究最佳制备工艺.[方法]用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定总糖和还原糖,通过单因素试验研究料液比、pH、温度、酶添加量和水解时间对SSPS得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验选出优化的因素组合.[结果]各因素对SSPS得率的影响大小依次为水解温度>水解时间>酶添加量>pH,在料液比1:20(g:ml),酶添加量1.2%,pH4.5,温度50℃、提取时间25h的最佳条件下,SSPS得率为8.89%.[结论]酶解制备SSPS工艺设备简单,条件温和,但是耗时较长.     

大豆蛋白复合酶解法研究

[目的]研究大豆蛋白复合酶解法的最佳工艺条件.[方法]以大豆粉为原料,采用复合酶解法研究了大豆蛋白水解度随酶解时间、加酶量、复合酶加酶间隔时间等的变化规律.[结果]大豆蛋白复合酶解法的最佳工艺条件为温度45℃,pH 7.5,液固比7:1,加酶量各0.2 g,反应时间8 h,间隔加酶时间3 h.[结论]此工艺对大豆蛋白的工业化生产具有积极的参考价值.     

沙果不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

以沙果为原料,采用酶-化学法研究了原料中不溶性膳食纤维的制备工艺.采用单因素试验分别从糖化酶加酶量、酶解时间、碱解pH、碱解温度和碱解时间筛选出影响显著的因素,通过正交试验确定了沙果中不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)提取工艺的最佳条件.研究结果表明,沙果中IDF提取的最佳工艺条件为:糖化酶加酶量为0.6%(g/g),酶解温度为60℃,酶解时间为90 min,碱解pH为10,碱解温度为50℃,碱解时间为90 min.     

西兰苔籽中硫代葡萄糖苷酶解条件的研究及产物的鉴定

[目的]研究西兰苔籽中硫代葡萄糖苷酶解的影响因素,确定硫苷酶解的最佳条件并分析和鉴定酶解产物.[方法]以西兰苔籽粉末为材料,研究不同的温度、pH以及时间对酶水解的影响,并且利用气相色谱-质谱连用技术分析鉴定了酶解产物.[结果]酶解时间为8 h,水解温度为25 ℃,pH值为7是最佳酶解条件.利用气象色谱-质谱连用技术分析鉴定出5种化合物,占硫苷酶解产物中挥发性化合物总量的80%. [结论]确定了西兰苔籽中硫代葡萄糖苷酶解的最佳条件,并为西兰苔籽的抗癌活性研究提供了一定的理论基础.     

复合酶提取灵芝多糖工艺及其抗氧化能力研究

[目的]获得复合酶提取灵芝多糖的最佳工艺,探讨灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[方法]以多糖提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对复合酶用量配比、酶解条件进行优化;采用清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基模型评价灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[结果]复合酶提取优于单酶提取,酶用量最佳配比为纤维素酶1.5%、木瓜蛋白酶0.8%、菠萝蛋白酶3.5%(质量分数,相对于底物浓度);最佳酶解条件为pH 5.5,温度50℃、酶解时间为100 min.复合酶提取的灵芝多糖具有良好的清除DPPH自由基作用,其清除能力优于水提灵芝多糖(P<0.01),且在浓度0.8～4.8 mg/ml范围内,其对DPPH自由基的清除率随浓度增大而增大.[结论]该研究为灵芝多糖的开发提供了科学依据.     

大豆浸泡产豆乳工艺条件的优化

[目的]优化大豆浸泡工艺.[方法]在采用单因素试验研究不同豆水比、水质,浸泡温度、时间以及pH等因素对豆乳饮料的感官质量和理化指标影响的基础上,采用正交试验研究不同浸泡时间、温度及pH对豆乳饮料产品质量的影响.[结果]以软水浸泡、豆水比1:2、浸泡时间7～9 h、浸泡温度20～30℃、浸泡水pH 7.5～8.5时,豆乳中的蛋白含量较高.正交试验结果表明:影响浸泡豆乳蛋白质含量的主次因素为温度、pH、浸泡时间;最佳浸泡工艺条件为温度25℃.pH 8.5,浸泡时间8 h.[结论]优化所得大豆浸泡工艺条件为优质豆乳的工业化生产奠定了基础.     

欧李果酒主发酵工艺条件的研究

[目的]探讨酿造欧李果酒的主发酵工艺条件.[方法]以欧李果汁为主要原料,以活性干酵母为菌种,通过单因子试验和正交试验对欧李果酒的主发酵工艺进行研究.[结果]主发酵最佳工艺条件为活性千酵母添加量0.1%,SO<,2>添加量50～60 mg/L,发酵温度23℃.[结论]在最佳条件下发酵产生的果酒酒度最高,口味纯正柔和、果香浓郁、色泽鲜亮、营养丰富,具有典型的果香和酒香.该工艺值得重点推广.     

大孔树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附及解吸附性能研究

[目的]筛选出一种大孔树脂,并研究其对皱皮木瓜鞣质的吸附和解吸附性能,从而确定大孔树脂分离纯化皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优工艺条件.[方法]通过静态吸附试验从5种大孔树脂中筛选最佳树脂,并通过单因素和正交试验确定该树脂在静态和动态试验中对皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优吸附和解吸附条件.[结果]HPD-100树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附量最大,其吸附最佳条件为:洗脱液pH值5.0,静态吸附4 h:动态吸附流速为2.0 BV/h,吸附体积达到6.0 BV时为吸附终点,最优条件下的吸附率为87.90%.静态解吸附最佳条件:洗脱液pH值为6.0,洗脱时间为6 h,洗脱乙醇浓度为75%;动态解吸附流速为1.0 BV/h,解吸附体积达到1.6 BV时为解吸附终点,最佳条件下的解吸附率为62.40%.[结论]HPD-100大孔吸附树脂对木瓜鞣质具有良好的富集作用,适于皱皮木瓜鞣质的分离纯化.     

黄绿木霉菌菌株产几丁质酶发酵条件的研究

[目的]研究黄绿木霉菌(Trichoderma aureoviride sp.)产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件,为几丁质酶工业提供新酶源.[方法]采用正交试验设计,以DNS法测定酶解后糖含量变化为指标,对发酵务件进行优化.[结果]在以2%胶体几丁质为碳源、2%蛋白胨为氯源、摇床转速为170 r/min时,黄绿木霉菌产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件组合:培养基的初始pH为5,接种量为8%,瓶装量为20 ml,在28℃下培养6 d.[结论]试验确定了黄绿木霉菌产几丁质酶最佳条件,为其在工业生产中的应用奠定了基础.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.