阀芯结构对双流体喷雾粒子特性的影响

为了研究阀芯结构对双流体喷雾粒子特性的影响,提升喷雾效果,运用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对不同阀芯结构的双流体喷雾雾滴粒径、轴向速度以及雾滴数目进行了测试,并对测量结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明：随着轴向距离的增大,雾滴索特平均直径(SMD)、算术平均直径(AMD)呈先增大后趋于平缓的趋势,轴向速度以及湍流脉动速度均呈减小趋势,雾滴数目呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着气液压力比的增大,SMD呈先增大后减小的趋势,而AMD、轴向速度以及雾滴数目均呈减小趋势;阀芯的喉口直径、出口直径的减小均有利于喷雾效果的提升,但同时导致速度稳定性变差;当喉口直径为1.5mm、出口直径为2.5mm时,与原始阀芯结构相比,雾滴数目和雾滴轴向速度分别增大了82.43%和22.31%,SMD和AMD分别减小了52.18%和21.47%,综合喷雾效果得到了大幅提升。     

压力条件对旋流槽数不同的离心式喷嘴液膜破碎及雾化的影响研究

利用粒子动态分析仪和高速摄影系统,研究不同注压下的锥形液膜流动、破碎及雾化特性,分析不同注压下液膜流动速度对液膜破碎的作用以及喷雾质量参数的变化规律,并结合相应试验数据求解了锥形液膜的色散方程,验证了注压对液膜破碎的影响.结果表明,随着注入压力增大,喷嘴流量增大,喷嘴液膜破碎长度下降,喷雾锥角先增加后趋于稳定,雾场SMD(索特尔平均直径)减小,雾滴流动速度增大,液膜切向速度对锥形液膜的作用效果显著;旋流槽数的增加使液膜速度增加,喷雾锥角减小,雾滴流速增大,雾场浓度增加且均匀性更好;通过求解色散方程得到了液膜表面波增长率,从理论的角度说明旋流槽数的增加使液膜表面波增长率增加,导致锥形液膜破碎长度减小.     

直射式高压喷嘴雾化分析

对直射式雾化喷嘴进行选型及内部尺寸寻优。仿真结果表明:在系统额定工况流量qv=16mL/r、压力p=14MPa下,最佳喷嘴出口直径d值约为1.5mm;d小于1.5mm时,p是影响雾滴索太尔平均直径d32的最关键因素,喷嘴喉部长度l/d及收缩角α对d32影响不大;8~9MPa为系统稳定雾化压力。p=9MPa、d=1.1mm时,采用三维多普勒相位粒子测速仪对雾滴d32及速度进行测量,在距喷嘴出口500mm截面处,从中心到边缘,优化结构后的高压直射式喷嘴的雾滴d32及轴向速度ux降幂下降,而径向速度ur呈升幂趋势。     

新型细水雾灭火喷嘴的仿真及试验

为了解决细水雾喷头喷雾保护半径小的问题,研制了一种新颖的两级雾化高压细水雾灭火喷嘴。计算了索太尔雾滴直径DSM、喷嘴流速、流量和充分雾化距离。在CFD仿真中,将两级雾化喷嘴的速度场和水体积分数分布与单级雾化喷嘴的对应仿真结果分别进行对比,并优化了两级雾化喷嘴的结构参数。试验测量了DSM、喷雾速度、喷雾密度分布并和仿真结果进行对比验证。研究表明,优化设计后两级雾化喷嘴的喷雾保护半径为0.34 m,喷雾密度分布均匀;具有多喷嘴的两级雾化细水雾喷头的喷雾保护半径可以超过2 m,在消防领域具有实用价值。     

不同温度气体喷射特性的PIV试验研究

研究气体的喷射特性,用于指导发动机燃油供给系统的设计和燃烧室有效组织燃烧。基于粒子图像测速技术(PIV),对不同温度、不同压差下气体喷射的特性进行了对比研究。通过试验分析和图像处理等手段对射流流场及涡结构、气体射流边界扩展、喷嘴轴向流速衰减规律、断面流速分布等进行了总结。试验表明:射流边界呈线性扩展,可用锥角大小来表征其特性,锥角随压差的减小而增大,且增幅明显,温度对其也有一定影响。喷嘴射流的轴向速度与射流距离成反比,而速度的影响面积随射流距离的增大而增大,温度的增大使得相同压差下的轴向速度相应增大,断面流速的分布存在很大的相似性。     

基于内外流场关联的喷嘴仿真及实验研究

针对喷嘴两级雾化之间的内部关联问题,以十字旋芯喷嘴为研究对象,对其雾滴分布特性进行了实验和仿真计算研究。首先,介绍了十字旋芯喷嘴的二维结构;然后,基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和Pressure-swirl-atomizer雾化模型,采用Fluent软件对螺旋倾角为30°、腔体直径为6 mm、压力为4 MPa～6 MPa的喷嘴内外流场进行了仿真分析,研究了螺旋倾角大小对雾化效果的影响;最后,搭建了喷嘴雾化性能实验系统平台,用DP-02滴谱仪测得了雾化粒径分布,结合实验数据验证了仿真方法的合理性。研究结果表明：选取内流域出口流速最大值作为计算外流域入口条件更符合实际情况;随着螺旋角增大,粒径在0μm～20μm的雾滴占比越来越大,粒径在60μm～80μm的雾滴占比越来越小,该结果可以为十字旋芯喷嘴的选择提供参考。     

气旋耦合喷嘴喷雾特性研究

:对一种气旋耦合喷嘴喷雾特性进行了试验研究,分析总结了气液比及液相压力对其喷雾特性 的影响规律。试验中使用水为工质,利用工业相机对其液雾进行拍摄并利用 ＭＡＴＬＡＢ进行图像处理,获得 喷雾锥角,利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（ＰＤＰＡ）对雾化粒径进行测量。研究表明,在液相压力一定时,随着 气液比增加,平行于预膜片方向喷雾锥角几乎不受影响,垂直于预膜片方向喷雾锥角先增大后略有减小;增 加液相压力,平行于预膜片方向喷雾锥角增大,垂直于预膜片方向喷雾锥角最大值和其对应的气液比减小; 气旋耦合喷嘴雾化粒径沿径向分布规律为中间雾化粒径较小向两侧逐渐增大;雾化粒径在液相压力较低时 受气液比影响大,随着液相压力增加受气液比影响减小。     

4种脱硫喷嘴雾化特性对比试验

对目前湿法烟气脱硫系统中常用的4种机械式雾化喷嘴进行了雾化试验,采用高速数码摄影法对4种喷嘴在不同压力下的喷雾状况进行测试,并用ImageJ软件处理,得到各喷嘴在不同工况下的粒径、粒径分布和雾化角等特性。研究结果表明:4种喷嘴雾化粒径随液压的增大呈减小趋势,其中螺旋喷嘴雾化粒径最小,扇形喷嘴雾化粒径最大;螺旋喷嘴、空心锥喷嘴和扇形喷嘴的雾化角随液压增大变化不大,较为稳定,实心锥喷嘴雾化角随液压增大而增大,螺旋喷嘴与扇形喷嘴的雾化角较大,空心锥喷嘴的雾化角最小;各喷嘴在小于0.2MPa的液压下粒径分布不均匀,当达到0.2MPa后粒径分布较为均匀。综合结构特点和雾化特性,螺旋喷嘴较适用于火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统。     

新型细水雾灭火喷头的研制

为了解决细水雾喷头喷雾保护半径小的问题，研制了一种新型细水雾灭火喷头。该喷头由一个喷头壳体、连接体以及多个喷嘴组成。在CFD仿真中，将两级雾化喷嘴的速度场和水体积分数分布与单级雾化喷嘴的对应仿真结果分别进行对比，并优化了两级雾化喷嘴的结构参数。试验测量了雾滴直径、喷雾密度分布并和仿真结果进行对比验证。介绍了细水雾灭火试验的装置和测温方法并采用研制的喷头进行了细水雾灭火试验。研究表明，该喷头具有2m的喷雾保护半径，采用该喷头产生的细水雾具有高效的灭火能力,在消防领域具有实用价值。     

高压细水雾灭火喷嘴的雾化特性研究

高压细水雾灭火系统是采用纯水液压技术的新型灭火装置,具有无环境污染、灭火迅速、用水量少和水渍损失极小等优点,是目前国际上推祟的哈龙替代系统。运用轴对称射流边界层动量积分法,对系统关键执行元件—直射式雾化喷嘴的内部流动进行分析,对边界层厚度δ和加速因子K这两个内部流动参数进行考查;同时对一些与灭火效果有关的外部雾化特性参数如出口速度和雾滴平均粒径SMD等进行分析,得出压力是影响外部雾化特性参数的最关键因素。认为8~9 Mpa是所设计喷嘴的最低稳定雾化工作压力区域。同时,喷嘴结构参数收缩角α、收缩段长度l/d对内部流动参数、外部雾化特性参数均有影响,但不明显。试验验证了上述分析结果,优选出了适合的喷嘴内部结构。     

Effect of nozzle geometry for swirl type twin-fluid water mist nozzle on the spray characteristic

Experimental investigations on the atomization characteristics of twin-fluid water mist nozzle were conducted using particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and particle motion analysis system (PMAS). The twin-fluid water mist nozzles with swirlers designed two types of swirl angles such as 0°, 90° and three different size nozzle hole diameters such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm were employed. The experiments were carried out by the injection pressure of water and air divided into 1bar, 2bar respectively. The droplet size of the spray was measured using PMAS. The velocity and turbulence intensity were measured using PIV. The velocity, turbulence intensity and SMD distributions of the sprays were measured along the centerline and radial direction. As the experimental results, swirl angle controlled to droplet sizes. It was found that SMD distribution decreases with the increase of swirl angle. The developed twin-fluid water mist nozzle was satisfied to the criteria of NFPA 750, Class 1. It was proven that the developed nozzle under low pressures could be applied to fire protection system.     

Intermittent atomization characteristics of multi-hole and single-hole diesel nozzle

The intermittent spray characteristics of a multi-hole and a single-hole diesel nozzle were experimentally investigated. The hole number of the multi-hole nozzle was 5, and the hole diameter of the 5-hole and the single-hole nozzle was the same as d_n=0.32 mm with the constant hole length to diameter ratio (l_n/d_n=2.81). The droplet diameters of the spray, including the time-resolved droplet diameter, SMD (Sauter mean diameter) and AMD (arithmetic mean diameter), injected intermittently from the two nozzles into the still ambient were measured by using a 2-D PDPA (phase Doppler particle analyzer). Through the time-resolved evolutions of the droplet diameter, it was found that the structure of the multi-hole and the single-hole nozzle spray consisted of the three main parts : (a) the leading edge affected by surrounding air and composed of small droplets ; (b) the central part surrounded by the leading edge and mixing flow region and scarcely affected by the resistance of air ; (c) the trailing edge formed by the passage of the central part. The SMD decreases gradually with the increase in the radial distance, and the constant value is obtained at the outer region of the radial distance (normalized by hole diameter) of 7-8 and 6 for the 5-hole and single-hole nozzle, respectively. The SMD along the centerline of the spray decrease shapely with the increase in the axial distance after showing the maximum value near the nozzle tip. The SMD remains the constant value near the axial distance (normalized by hole diameter) of 150 and 180 for the 5-hole and the single-hole nozzle, respectively.     

Atomization characteristics of intermittent multi-hole diesel spray using time-resolved PDPA data

The intermittent spray characteristics of a multi-hole diesel nozzle with a 2-spring nozzle holder were investigated experimentally. Without changing the total orifice exit area, the hole number of the multi-hole nozzle varied from 3 (d_n=0.42 mm) to 5 (d_n=0.32mm). The time-resolved droplet diameters of the spray including the SMD (Sauter mean diameter) and the AMD (arithmetic mean diameter), injected intermittently from the multi-hole nozzles into still ambient air, were measured by using a 2-D PDPA (phase Doppler particle analyzer). The 5-hole nozzle spray shows the smaller spray cone angle, the decreased SMD distributions and the small difference between the SMD and the AMD, compared with that of the 3-hole nozzle spray. From the SMD distributions with the radial distance, the spray structure can be classified into the three regions : (a) the inner region showing the high SMD distribution; (b) the mixing flow region where the shear flow structure would be constructed; and (c) the outer region formed through the disintegration processes of the spray inner region and composed of fine droplets. Through the SMD distributions along the spray centerline, it reveals that the SMD decreases rapidly after showing the maximum value in the vicinity of the nozzle tip. The SMD remains the constant value near the Z/d_n=166 and 156.3 for the 3-hole and 5-hole nozzles, which illustrate that the disintegration processes of the 5-hole nozzle spray proceed more rapidly than that of the 3-hole nozzle spray.     

关键结构参数对高压除鳞喷嘴性能影响的研究

高压除鳞喷嘴广泛地应用在热轧除鳞工艺中,喷嘴结构参数的变化会对射流性能产生影响。通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合,研究了锥孔深度变化对外部射流的影响。研究表明:锥孔深度增加,射流水喷射角增加、射流速度沿轴向方向衰减变慢,射流距离增加。在相同射流距离下,锥孔深度的增加可以使打击力的大小增大、有效的射流宽度增大。     

Atomization characteristics in pneumatic counterfiowing internal mixing nozzle

In an effort to illustrate the global variation of SMD (Sauter mean diameter, orD ₃₂) and AMD (Arithmetic mean diameter, orD ₁₀) at five axial downstream locations (i. e., at Z=30, 50, 80, 120, and 170 mm) under the different experimental conditions, the radial coordinate is normalized by the spray half-width. Experimental data to analyze the atomization characteristics concerning with an internal mixing type have been obtained using a PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer). The air injection pressure was varied from 40 kPa to 120 kPa. In this study, counterfiowing internal mixing nozzles manufactured at an angle of l5^o with axi-symmetric tangential-drilled four holes have been considered. By comparing the results, it is clearly possible to discern the effects of increasing air pressure, suggesting that the disintegration process is enhanced and finer spray droplets can be obtained under higher air assist. The variations inD ₃₂ are attributed to the characteristic feature of internal mixing nozzle in which the droplets are preferentially ejected downward with strong axial momentum, and dispersed with the larger droplets which are detected in the spray centerline at the near stations and smaller ones are generated due to further subsequent breakup by higher shear stresses at farther axial locations. The poor atomization around the centre close to the nozzle exit is attributed to the fact that the relatively lower rates of spherical particles are detected and these drops are not subject to instantaneous breakup in spite of the strong axial momentum. However, substantial increases in SMD from the central part toward the edge of the spray as they go farther downstream are mainly due to the fact that the relative velocity of droplet is too low to cause any subsequent disintegration.