钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁抗火性能试验研究

为了得到钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁考虑栓钉剪切滑移后的抗火性能,采用火灾试验炉对2个四点加载的足尺钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁进行抗火性能的试验研究,其中一个试件按照完全抗剪设计,另一个试件按照部分抗剪设计。组合梁楼板采用钢筋桁架楼承板现浇混凝土组成,钢梁为焊接H形钢梁,抗剪键采用栓钉。试验在ISO834标准升温条件下进行,测量得到组合梁的温度分布、跨中挠度、端部楼板和钢梁的相对剪切滑移位移及楼板的掀起位移。并采用现行《组合结构设计规范》对试件高温下极限承载力进行计算。研究表明,常温下完全抗剪设计的钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁具有较好的抗火性能,但高温下仍会产生剪切滑移和掀起位移,部分抗剪连接钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁火灾下容易发生混凝土板压溃破坏,且梁端栓钉顶部产生较大的裂缝,在钢梁下翼缘温度超过600℃时,组合梁的变形很快超过完全抗剪连接设计的组合梁,且梁端相对滑移和掀起位移远大于完全抗剪连接设计的组合梁。考虑高温下材料力学性能后,现行《组合结构设计规范》中部分抗剪组合梁承载力计算结果与本文试验结果吻合较好。     

装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁栓钉抗剪连接件受力性能试验研究

为研究装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁中栓钉抗剪连接件的受力性能,设计了10个栓钉抗剪连接件,对其进行推出试验,得到了现浇混凝土板和预制混凝土板中栓钉抗剪连接件在单调和重复荷载作用下的界面剪力-滑移曲线以及破坏形态。结果表明:预制混凝土板中栓钉受剪承载力比现浇混凝土中栓钉受剪承载力略低,均为栓杆剪断和栓钉根部焊缝破坏;重复荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移明显大于单调荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移;重复荷载作用下的峰值界面剪力与单调荷载下的峰值界面剪力相当,其界面剪力-滑移曲线基本一致。     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of shear studs in assembled monolithic steel-concrete composite beam

为研究装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁中栓钉抗剪连接件的受力性能,设计了10个栓钉抗剪连接件,对其进行推出试验,得到了现浇混凝土板和预制混凝土板中栓钉抗剪连接件在单调和重复荷载作用下的界面剪力-滑移曲线以及破坏形态。结果表明：预制混凝土板中栓钉受剪承载力比现浇混凝土中栓钉受剪承载力略低,均为栓杆剪断和栓钉根部焊缝破坏;重复荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移明显大于单调荷载作用下峰值界面剪力对应的界面滑移;重复荷载作用下的峰值界面剪力与单调荷载下的峰值界面剪力相当,其界面剪力-滑移曲线基本一致。     

低温下栓钉连接件的抗剪性能试验研究

为了研究低温下栓钉连接件的抗剪承载力,通过15个栓钉连接件在低温下的推出试验,对栓钉连接件在低温下的破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度进行了研究。结果表明:低温下栓钉连接件的破坏形式会由混凝土破坏转变为栓钉剪断破坏;随着温度降低,栓钉的抗剪承载力近似呈线性提高,但塑性及延性变差;栓钉的抗剪刚度随温度降低而提高,且直径越大,提升幅度越小。     

装配式钢筋桁架混凝土组合梁螺栓连接件抗剪性能试验研究

为了研究装配式钢筋桁架混凝土组合梁中螺栓剪力连接件的受力性能,对5组采用螺栓连接件的装配式钢筋桁架混凝土组合梁推出试件和3组对比试件进行了试验研究,分别考虑螺栓直径、埋置长细比、预留孔内混凝土强度、钢筋桁架模板等因素对螺栓抗剪承载力和破坏模式的影响。试验结果表明:预制钢筋桁架混凝土板中螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力与现浇钢筋桁架混凝土板中螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力相差不大;螺栓受剪承载力随螺栓直径的增加而增加;随螺栓埋置长细比增大而增大,随孔内混凝土强度增加而增加;钢筋桁架预制板中螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力略高于普通混凝土板中螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力。     

极地低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究栓钉连接件在极地低温下的受剪性能,利用复叠式低温冷库、自制保温装置和电液伺服压力试验机对12个栓钉连接试件进行了推出试验,同时采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元分析,研究了温度、栓钉直径对低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响。通过试验和有限元分析得到了试件破坏模式、荷载-滑移曲线、栓钉受剪承载力及极限滑移量,结果表明:试件在低温下出现栓钉剪断和栓钉剪断-混凝土压坏混合破坏两种破坏形式;在20～-80℃范围内,随着温度的降低,栓钉受剪承载力增大而极限滑移量减小,在-60～-80℃范围内,温度变化对栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响较小;在极地低温下,随着栓钉直径增大,栓钉连接件的受剪承载力和极限滑移量增加。采用ABAQUS软件考虑低温本构的有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合程度较高,通过试验结果拟合出的荷载-滑移曲线效果良好。     

极地低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究栓钉连接件在极地低温下的受剪性能,利用复叠式低温冷库、自制保温装置和电液伺服压力试验机对12个栓钉连接试件进行了推出试验,同时采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元分析,研究了温度、栓钉直径对低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响。通过试验和有限元分析得到了试件破坏模式、荷载-滑移曲线、栓钉受剪承载力及极限滑移量,结果表明:试件在低温下出现栓钉剪断和栓钉剪断-混凝土压坏混合破坏两种破坏形式;在20～-80℃范围内,随着温度的降低,栓钉受剪承载力增大而极限滑移量减小,在-60～-80℃范围内,温度变化对栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响较小;在极地低温下,随着栓钉直径增大,栓钉连接件的受剪承载力和极限滑移量增加。采用ABAQUS软件考虑低温本构的有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合程度较高,通过试验结果拟合出的荷载-滑移曲线效果良好。     

极地低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究栓钉连接件在极地低温下的受剪性能,利用复叠式低温冷库、自制保温装置和电液伺服压力试验机对12个栓钉连接试件进行了推出试验,同时采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元分析,研究了温度、栓钉直径对低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响。通过试验和有限元分析得到了试件破坏模式、荷载-滑移曲线、栓钉受剪承载力及极限滑移量,结果表明:试件在低温下出现栓钉剪断和栓钉剪断-混凝土压坏混合破坏两种破坏形式;在20～-80℃范围内,随着温度的降低,栓钉受剪承载力增大而极限滑移量减小,在-60～-80℃范围内,温度变化对栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响较小;在极地低温下,随着栓钉直径增大,栓钉连接件的受剪承载力和极限滑移量增加。采用ABAQUS软件考虑低温本构的有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合程度较高,通过试验结果拟合出的荷载-滑移曲线效果良好。     

钢管与管外混凝土界面粘结抗剪能力试验研究

为研究并揭示钢管混凝土叠合柱的钢管与管外混凝土界面的粘结抗剪能力,完成了10个试件的推出试验,其中3个试件的钢管外壁未焊接抗剪连接件,4个试件的钢管外壁焊接钢筋环、3个试件的钢管外壁焊接栓钉作为抗剪连接件。试件的破坏形态为钢管混凝土被推出,钢筋环的焊缝及栓钉的栓杆被剪断;未焊接抗剪连接件试件的实测界面抗剪粘结强度略大于1.0MPa;钢筋环直径由6mm增大为8mm、或由1根增加为2根、或栓钉直径由10mm增大为16mm,界面的受剪承载力增大;1根直径8mm的钢筋环的受剪承载力大于4根直径16mm的栓钉的受剪承载力。钢筋环及栓钉的受剪承载力试验值大于公式计算值。提出了钢管与管外混凝土界面抗剪粘结设计建议。     

配置钢筋桁架的钢筋混凝土叠合板的剪弯性能研究

为研究小剪跨比荷载下配置钢筋桁架的钢筋混凝土叠合墙板的剪弯性能,以叠合板层数和钢筋桁架榀数为参数,在剪跨比λ为2.3时,对1块配置3榀钢筋桁架的双层叠合板和1块配置4榀钢筋桁架的三层叠合板开展四点剪弯试验,得到了2种叠合板的剪弯试验现象和破坏形态、弯矩-加载点挠度关系、受弯承载力特征值和剪弯破坏的力学模型,并根据叠合界面混凝土受剪强度分析推导叠合板的受剪和受弯承载力计算式。研究结果表明:小剪跨比荷载下叠合板的剪弯破坏模式取决于叠合板界面混凝土的桁架数量、叠合板叠合界面的设置位置和方式;三层叠合且配置4榀钢筋桁架的叠合板的极限受剪和受弯承载力比采用双层叠合且配置3榀钢筋桁架的叠合板提高了20.0%,而峰值挠度降低了20.7%,具有更好的受剪和受弯性能;提出了按叠合界面受剪破坏条件推导的叠合板的极限受剪(受弯)承载力计算式,其计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Bolted shear connectors vs. headed studs behaviour in push-out tests

Prefabrication of concrete slabs reduces construction time for composite steel–concrete buildings and bridges. Different alternatives for shear connectors (bolts and headed studs) are analysed here to gain better insight in failure modes of shear connector in order to improve competiveness of prefabricated composite structures. Casting of high strength bolted shear connectors in prefabricated concrete slabs offers the higher level of prefabrication comparing to a standard method of grouting welded headed studs in envisaged pockets of concrete slabs. In addition, bolted shear connectors can easily be dismantled together with the concrete slab thus allowing the improved sustainability of the construction, simpler maintenance, and development of modular structural systems. Bolted shear connectors have been rarely used in construction, actually just for rehabilitation works, because there is a lack of design recommendation. The first step towards the design recommendation is to understand the difference between the headed shear studs and the bolted shear connectors in a push-out test. Push-out tests, according to EN1994-1-1, using 4 M16 — grade 8.8 bolts with embedded nut in the same layout and test set-up as for previously investigated headed studs were performed. Finite element models for both shear connectors were created, and good match with experimental data was obtained. Basic shear connector properties such as: shear resistance, stiffness, ductility and failure modes have been compared and discussed in detail by using experimental and FE results. Parametric FE analyses of shear connector's height are carried out and shear resistance reduction factor has been proposed for bolted shear connectors.     

Development of interlocking mechanism for shear transfer in composite floor

Semi-pre-cast floor slab (called half slab in Malaysia) has been used widely in different parts of the world. It consists of a reinforced concrete pre-cast layer that acts initially as a formwork connected in situ with another concrete layer using shear connectors. Steel reinforcement (shear link, studs and/or steel truss) is commonly used to transfer the horizontal shear between the two composite layers. Longitudinal shear failure is the most common type of failure in the composite floor slab. This paper proposes a new system to transfer the horizontal shear between the interfaces of the pre-cast and cast in situ layers of concrete slab. The proposed system implements an interlocking concept and does not require any shear reinforcement. The composite floor slab used to illustrate the interlocking concept consists of a pre-cast inverted ferrocement layer interconnected with the cast in situ brick–mortar layer. The effectiveness of the interlocking mechanism in transferring the stresses developed due to the applied load is investigated. Eleven composite slab specimens having different shear connectors between the two layers were cast and tested under pure shear loading (push-off test). In the tested specimens, different interlocking mechanisms, continuous truss shear connectors and no connectivity between the two layers were used to connect the layers of slabs. The results indicate that the interlocking mechanism proposed is, as effective as, the steel trusses in resisting shear stresses and can be used to replace the steel trusses, which in turn will reduce the cost of the composite slab.     

Study on the interfacial shear behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members with stud connectors after fire

Statically push-out tests of 20 steel reinforced concrete short columns (SRCSC) with stud connectors on the surface of shape steel after fire and two SRCSC under ambient temperature were carried out, in order to study the failure mode, load-slip relationship and the interfacial shear transfer of SRC members after fire. Experimental results show that the typical failure modes and load-slip curves of SRCSC after fire are almost the same as the case under ambient temperature. The interfacial shear transfer of SRCSC declines exponentially not only with the increase of the peak temperature the specimen experienced but also with the increase of the peak temperature duration. The interfacial shear transfer of the specimens with studs arranged at the steel web is much higher than those with studs arranged at the steel flange. Empirical formulas of SRCSC interfacial shear transfer after fire are proposed, and the calculated results generally agree well with the experimental results.     

对组合钢梁-预制空心板中栓钉连接件的性能分析

在钢-混凝土组合梁中,剪切连接件的机械作用使得纵向剪力转移到钢翼缘/混凝土板的接合处。这种转移能力取决于剪切连接件的强度和混凝土板抵抗由剪力高度集中所导致的纵向开裂的能力。大多数对组合结构的分析都集中在传统的钢筋混凝土和金属面板结构,而对预制空心板中栓钉的剪切能力研究很少。本文对带栓钉的预制空心板组合梁结构提出标准的推力试验方法。一共进行7组测试性试验,试验结果显示新方法符合钢筋混凝土楼板规范要求。在确定这个新的标准方法后,对栓钉进行了72个足尺推力试验,确定了该类型连接件的性能,通过分析试验结果,还指出了各类参数对连接件强度和延性的作用。本文还提出了这种剪力连接件的设计公式。     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土界面剪力传递性能研究

通过20个高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土短柱推出试验及2个常温下的对比试验,研究其破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性、界面剪切承载力等。试验结果表明：高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土推出试件的破坏形态与常温下大致相同,破坏以栓钉外侧混凝土劈裂为主;与常温下试件的荷载-滑移曲线相比,高温下推出试件荷载-滑移曲线的上升段相对平缓,在较小的荷载作用下即产生相对滑移,滑移刚度相对减小;当升温最高温度的持续时间相同时,试件的界面剪切承载力随最高温度的提高而降低,其中从常温到最高温度达到400℃以前,试件的界面剪切承载力随最高温度提高下降很快,而最高温度超过400℃以后,界面剪切承载力随最高温度提高下降的趋势减缓;当升温最高温度一定时,随着最高温度持续时间的增加,试件的界面剪切承载力降低。引入高温下界面剪切承载力影响系数,提出高温下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土界面剪切承载力计算式,计算结果与试验结果相比总体偏于安全。     

钢板-混凝土组合板受弯性能试验研究

以钢板代替受力钢筋,通过栓钉将外侧钢板与内部混凝土板相连,二者共同作用形成钢板-混凝土组合板。根据钢板布置形式的不同,可将钢板-混凝土组合板分为单面钢板-混凝土组合板（SSC）和双面钢板-混凝土组合板（DSC）。通过对4个SSC试件和3个DSC试件的受弯试验研究,分析了不同钢板厚度、抗剪连接程度以及构造钢筋配置对组合板受弯性能和破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明,按完全抗剪连接设计的试件破坏形态与适筋梁相似,具有良好的受弯承载能力和延性;当受拉区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,剪跨区栓钉易剪断导致承载力明显降低;当受压区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,顶层钢板易发生局部屈曲,导致试件承载力和延性有所降低。基于试验结果,给出了钢板-混凝土组合板的受弯承载力计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Capacities of headed stud shear connectors in composite steel beams with precast hollowcore slabs

In steel-concrete composite beams, the longitudinal shear force is transferred across the steel flange/concrete slab interface by the mechanical action of the shear connectors. The ability of the shear connectors to transfer these longitudinal shear forces depends on their strength, and also on the resistance of the concrete slab against longitudinal cracking induced by the high concentration of shear force. Most of the research in composite construction has concentrated on the more traditional reinforced concrete and metal deck construction, and little information is given on shear capacity of the headed studs in precast hollowcore slabs. In this paper, a standard push test procedure for use with composite beams with precast hollowcore slabs is proposed. Seven exploratory push tests were carried out on headed studs in solid RC slabs to validate the testing procedures, and the results showed that the new test is compatible with the results specified in the codes of practice for solid RC slabs. Once a standard procedure is established, 72 full-scale push tests on headed studs in hollowcore slabs were performed to determine the capacities of the headed stud connectors in precast hollowcore slabs and the results of the experimental study are analysed and findings on the effect of all the parameters on connectors’ strength and ductility are presented. Newly proposed design equations for calculating the shear connectors’ capacity for this form of composite construction are also be given.     

Performance of cellular composite floor beams at elevated temperatures

This paper describes an experimental and numerical study at both ambient and elevated temperatures on the behaviour of full-scale composite floor cellular steel beams. A total of four specimens, comprising two different steel geometries and loading conditions were tested under monotonic loading and at elevated temperatures. All beams were designed for a full shear connection between the steel beam and the concrete flange using headed shear studs. The beams were designed to fail by web-post buckling, which was observed in all the tests. Failure temperature observed in the fire tests indicated that failure by web-post buckling of cellular beams in fire cannot simply be estimated by applying temperature dependent reduction factors on stiffness, as given in codes. A finite element model is then established with both material and geometrical non-linearity using shell elements to compare against the experimental results. The comparison between the finite element prediction and actual test results are quite good in terms of failure modes, load deflection behaviour and ultimate loads.     

Shear behavior of partially encased steel-concrete composite specimens under tension

为了研究型钢与部分外包混凝土的在拉力作用下的纵向剪力传递性能,对6个部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件进行了轴拉试验,对其破坏形态和荷载-滑移曲线进行了分析。试验中主要考虑了型钢与腹部混凝土的黏结长度、混凝土强度、栓钉连接件数量等影响因素。研究结果表明：部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件破坏形态主要表现为黏结破坏、混凝土压碎和栓钉剪断;轴拉试验和推出试验中无栓钉连接的部分外包型钢混凝土组合构件的黏结力均随着型钢与混凝土间的黏结长度的增加而增大;对于无栓钉和有栓钉组试件,轴拉试验和推出试验中型钢与混凝土间的受剪承载力均随着混凝土抗拉强度的增加而增大,且近似成线性关系;部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件的受剪承载力随栓钉数量的增加而增大;相较无栓钉组试件,采用2根栓钉连接和4根栓钉连接的轴拉试件,其受剪承载力分别可提高近100%和250%。