无热化设计的紧凑型长波折反式光学系统

介绍了一种无热化设计的紧凑型长波折反式光学系统,给出了光学系统的主要指标和要求,说明了系统的设计原理.该系统的工作波段为7.7 ～10.3 μm,焦距为270 mm,F数为1.35.光学系统共由7个光学元件构成,构型紧凑,在-40～+60℃温度范围内具有良好像质,实现了无热化.     

四片式非制冷长波红外热像仪双视场光学系统

介绍了一种用于非制冷凝视焦平面探测器的长波红外双视场光学系统设计实例,该系统工作波段为8～12 μm,变倍比为2.5倍,采用轴向移动变焦方式.引入一个衍射光学元件,减少了光学零件的数量,减轻了系统质量,具有成像质量高、体积小、重量轻等优点,并用ZEMAX光学设计软件进行了像质评价.     

单片式红外中波温度自适应光学系统设计

推导了衍射光学元件的温度特性和色散方程,分析了折/衍混合光学系统消热差、消色差可能性.设计了单片式红外中波温度自适应光学系统,系统仅含有一片硒化锌透镜,焦距=50mm,F数4,配合中波制冷红外焦平面探测器,冷光阑效率达到100％,系统结构简单,重量轻,体积小.用光学设计软件ZEMAX进行像质评价,在-40℃～60℃范围...     

无热化设计的紧凑型长波折反式光学系统

介绍了一种无热化设计的紧凑型长波折反式光学系统,给出了光学系统的主要指标和要求,说明了系统的设计原理。该系统的工作波段为7.7～10.3μm,焦距为270 mm,F数为1.35。光学系统共由7个光学元件构成,构型紧凑,在-40～+60℃温度范围内具有良好像质,实现了无热化。     

非制冷焦平面热像仪用双视场红外光学系统

介绍了一种用于非制冷凝视焦平面探测器的长波红外双视场光学系统设计实例,该系统工作波段为8 m～12m,变倍比为3倍,采用轴向移动变焦方式.变倍透镜组可实现变倍、调焦及温度补偿功能,简化了系统机电设计,具备体积小、重量轻、功耗低等优点,并用ZEMAX光学设计软件进行了像质评价.     

大视场、大相对孔径长波红外机械无热化光学系统设计

研究了大视场大相对孔径长波红外机械无热化光学系统的设计, 设计了8～12 μm波段内F数为0.8、温度在-40～60℃范 围内无热化的光学系统。结果表明,该系统结构简单,像质好,在空间频率20 lp/mm处的 光学传递函数值大于0.5。     

长波红外光学系统无热化设计

分析了衍射光学元件在红外光学系统中的消热差特性,设计了工作于8～12 μm,全视场角为6.44°的红外消热差光学系统,设计结果表明,该系统在-10℃～60℃温度范围内成像质量接近衍射极限,适用于像元尺寸为45μm的非制冷焦平面阵列探测器.     

宽光谱、长焦距准直物镜光学设计

介绍了大视场、宽光谱、长焦距微光准直物镜的光学设计.重点讨论了宽谱段准直物镜的二级光谱校正及像差平衡问题,并用Zemax软件,进行了光学设计.设计结果:系统的二级光谱为0.1 mm,其他像差也达到了像质要求.     

光学补偿中波红外变焦光学系统设计

针对320×240凝视焦平面阵列探测器,设计了一个变倍比为12x的中波光学补偿连续变焦光学系统.该系统由7片透镜和两个反射镜构成,可实现26.7mm/80mm/160mm/320mm四档变焦,工作波段为3.7～4.8μm,满足100%冷光阑效率.设计结果表明,该系统具有结构简单、透过率高、体积小、像质高等优点.     

机载新颖连续变焦中波红外光学系统设计

针对制冷式640×512元凝视焦平面阵列探测器,设计了结构紧凑的高性能机械补偿30倍连续变焦光学系统.该系统采用新颖的三组元变倍形式和三次成像方法设计.工作波段为3.7 ~ 4.8 μm,F/# =4,变焦范围750 ~25 mm.首先利用光学设计软件给出了系统的光学外形结构图; 然后,进行了像质评价分析,变焦曲线分析,温度环境适应性分析和冷反射分析; 最后,介绍了该系统应用微扫描成像技术提高分辨率的方法.结果表明,该光学系统在空间频率30 lp/mm处的光学传递函数 ( MTF) 值均接近衍射极限, 弥散斑直径的均方根 ( RMS) 值均小于15 μm.变焦曲线平滑,且移动组最大行程小于71 mm.移动组透镜的轴向移动可完成系统调焦及温度补偿.光学系统满足100 %冷光阑效率,在-40 ~60 ℃温度范围内均有良好的像质.同时,满足新一代机载前视红外( FLIR)系统的要求.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.