2011—2021年贵州省毒蘑菇中毒流行特征分析

目的 对贵州省2011—2021年毒蘑菇中毒事件进行流行特征分析,为制订防控策略提供科学依据。方法 对贵州省2011—2021年上报至食源性疾病暴发监测系统中的毒蘑菇中毒事件进行描述性分析。结果 贵州省2011—2021年共报告毒蘑菇中毒1 527起,中毒5 312人,死亡95人,病死率1.79%;2020年报告起数最多;第二、三季度高发;中毒场所主要发生在家庭;报告死亡事件55起。结论 毒蘑菇中毒是贵州省报告最多、引起死亡最多的食源性疾病暴发事件,主要发生在家庭,应加强有效的宣传教育,降低贵州省毒蘑菇中毒的发生率。     

2015—2020年广东省毒蕈中毒病例流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2015—2020年广东省毒蕈中毒的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 分析“食源性疾病病例监测报告系统”中2015—2020年广东省毒蕈中毒病例的流行病学特征,并利用ArcGIS 10.8软件进行空间分析。结果 2015—2020年广东省共报告毒蕈中毒病例854例,年均发病率为0.32/10万;住院人数395例,住院率46.3%,无死亡病例。平均潜伏期为2.8 h,中位潜伏期为2.0 h,潜伏期最小值为0 h,最大值为32 h。男性病例448例,女性病例406例,男女比例为1.10∶1;职业人群中最多的是农民（34.19%,292/854）,发病年龄段集中在31~59岁。2018年报告病例数最多,5~9月是发病高峰,韶关市是毒蕈中毒高发区。结论 广东省毒蕈中毒发病存在空间聚集性,发病主要集中在粤北地区,应加强对农民的健康教育,加强毒蕈中毒防控的研究与科普宣传,以减少毒蕈中毒事件的发生。     

2015—2021年湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州毒蕈中毒事件与防控策略分析

目的 分析2015—2021年湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州（以下简称恩施）毒蕈中毒事件流行病学特征，为制定有效的毒蕈中毒预防控制策略提供依据。方法 通过“湖北省食品安全标准与监测评估平台”上报的中毒事件进行描述性分析。结果 2015—2021年恩施共报告毒蕈中毒事件559起，涉及发病人数804人。其中误采误食是恩施发生毒蕈中毒事件的主要原因。毒蕈中毒引起的食源性暴发事件45起，发病152人，死亡7人，病死率4.61%。第二至第四季度为毒蕈中毒多发季节，发生场所以农村家庭为主，防控策略主要为监测、宣传、开展风险分析和评估、及时医治等措施。结论 根据2015—2021年恩施毒蕈中毒事件回顾性分析结果，需要针对重点发生季节、地区、场所及人群对象，建立有效的风险预警系统，加强宣传教育力度，防止或减少毒蕈中毒事件的发生。     

2011—2020年中国食源性疾病流行病学分析

目的 分析2011—2020年全国食源性疾病事件发生规律，为制定预防措施提供依据。方法 对2011—2020年全国食源性疾病暴发事件数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011—2020年食源性疾病暴发事件34 558起，发病人数259 481人；事件高发于6~9月（60.82%）。致病因素以有毒动植物及蘑菇中毒（43.56%）、不明原因（35.49%）和微生物（16.42%）为主，其中菌类及其制品导致的事件数占比（18.33%）与死亡人数占比（52.69%）最高。暴露场所主要在餐饮服务单位（49.31%）和家庭（46.68%），且暴发于家庭的年均增长率最高（33.66%）。结论 近10年我国食源性疾病主要致病因素是有毒动植物及毒蘑菇，集中于菌类及其制品；事件高发于6~9月，暴露场所以餐饮服务单位和家庭为主，且倾向于家庭。     

2005—2020年我国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件流行病学分析

目的 分析2005—2020年我国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒流行病学特征和规律,为预防唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌导致的酵米面中毒提供科学依据。方法 收集2005—2020年全国唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,对事件相关资料进行回顾性的描述性分析,应用Excel 2013软件和SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2005—2020年,全国共报告唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件30起,中毒188例,死亡85例,病死率为45.21%;其中较大级别事件占事件总数的93.33%（28/30）,病死率53.13%。临床主要表现为呕吐、腹痛、头晕、腹泻。主要发生在5~9月;全国有7个省份22个县报告唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,主要位于我国华南、西南和东北地区。人群各个年龄段均有发病,病死率随年龄增加呈上升趋势。引起中毒事件的主要中毒食品有谷类食品和木耳;谷类食品中,家庭自制的谷类发酵制品占80.00%华南和西南地区以玉米粑、糯玉米汤圆、河粉等食品为主,北方地区以酸汤子为主。结论 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件,因其高病死率往往引起社会的重视。2005—2020年,除2013、2017和2019年外,其他年份唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌引起的中毒事件均有报告。事件发生地区主要为农村地区,以家庭自制的谷类发酵食品为主,近年来发生在城市地区由市售食品河粉引起中毒事件应引起高度重视。预防唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌中毒事件主要从食品加工方式和饮食习惯等环节进行规范管理,提倡科学饮食,提高食品安全意识。     

1959—2022年青海省食源性肉毒中毒事件流行病学分析

目的 分析青海省食源性肉毒中毒事件流行特征及影响因素,为防控提供科学依据。方法 收集1959—2022年青海省肉毒中毒数据,应用Excel 2021进行流行病学特征分析,利用R 4.2.3对事件数和病死率进行Mann-Kendall趋势检验,运用ArcGis 10.2软件制作空间分布图。结果 1959—2022年发生食源性肉毒中毒事件86起,发病348人,死亡195人,病死率为56.03%。中毒主要发生在第二、三季度,牧民为主要的发病人群,肉毒毒素型别主要为E型,“风干肉”为主要的中毒食品,生食和开锅即食为主要的食用方式。结论 青海省食源性肉毒中毒病死率整体呈下降趋势,发病地区也逐渐缩小,但作为我国高发地区之一,病死率仍处于较高水平,应进一步加强对高危人群食品安全教育,提高基层医疗机构对肉毒中毒的救治能力,减少中毒事件的发生和死亡。     

贵州省一起灰花纹鹅膏中毒事件调查

目的 调查分析贵州省毕节市发生的一起灰花纹鹅膏中毒事件，为贵州省毒蘑菇中毒的诊断、调查、检测鉴定和防控提供数据支持。方法 采用流行病学调查方法分析该起事件流行病学特征，采用分子生物学方法对可疑野生蘑菇进行鉴定，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行毒素检测。结果 该事件为食用自采野蘑菇共导致4人中毒，其中3人死亡。经流行病学调查和实验室检测，确定毒蘑菇为灰花纹鹅膏（Amanita fuliginea），α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽和二羟鬼笔毒肽毒素被检出。结论 该起毒蘑菇中毒由村民误采误食灰花纹鹅膏引起，开展针对性的健康教育对毒蘑菇中毒的预防控制具有重要意义。     

一起食用泥螺引起的疑似贝类毒素中毒暴发事件调查

目的 分析一起食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征，总结调查处置经验，指导预防控制工作。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法回顾性调查中毒事件，分析流行病学特征。结果 事件共报告病例55例，死亡3例，50岁以上人群占病例总数的60%。病例具有家庭聚集性，均为家庭就餐引起。主要临床表现以肝功能异常（54例，98.2%）、恶心（36例，65.5%）、乏力（29例，52.7%）为主，部分患者出现口唇肢端麻木（9例，16.4%）。可疑致病食物为泥螺，在6份样品中检出麻痹性贝类毒素。采取综合性防控措施后，事件得到控制。结论 该事件为食用含麻痹性贝类毒素的泥螺引起的食物中毒事件，不排除存在其他致病因子的可能。建议相关部门应加强宣传教育与监测预警工作。     

梅州市一起致命鹅膏中毒事件的调查与分析

目的 调查2022年广东省梅州市发生的一起毒蘑菇中毒事件，为毒蘑菇中毒的防控提供科学依据。方法 对中毒原因开展流行病学调查，对可疑毒蘑菇样品进行鉴定，同时测定毒蘑菇样品和患者血液与尿液中的毒素。结果 本次毒蘑菇中毒事件4人均出现中毒症状，经治疗均治愈出院。涉事蘑菇样品经鉴定为致命鹅膏（Amanita exitialis）。剩余毒蘑菇汤、已煮毒蘑菇子实体、未煮毒蘑菇子实体残余组织和事发地采集的毒蘑菇中均检出α-鹅膏毒肽；患者血液和尿样样本中均未检出α-鹅膏毒肽。结论 本次事件是因误食致命鹅膏引起的中毒事件，当地村民食品安全防范意识薄弱，需加强对野生蘑菇知识的普及，建立毒蘑菇中毒快速检测技术体系，减少毒蘑菇中毒和死亡事件的发生。     

2018—2020年广州市白云区食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

目的 了解2018—2020年广州市白云区食源性疾病流行病学特征,为当地制定有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析2018—2020年广州市白云区监测医院报告的1 226例食源性疾病病例数据,描述其流行病学及临床特征,并对就诊及时率的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 2018—2020年白云区食源性疾病病例男性为567例（46.25%,567/1 226）、女性659例（53.75%,659/1 226）,病例年龄主要集中在21~30岁（37.19%,456/1 226）病例职业以公务员、企事业单位人员为主,6-10月为就诊高峰期,发生场所以家庭为主（41.80%,754/1 804）,食品加工及包装方式以餐饮服务业居多,可疑暴露食品种类以肉及肉制品为主。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高龄,医院级别高,呕吐次数多与病例就诊及时性呈正相关,腹泻、腹泻次数多呈负相关。结论 白云区食源性疾病高温季节高发,家庭和餐饮服务机构为高危场所,重点关注肉及其制品的卫生状况,应进一步针对性做好食品安全监管和宣传教育,预防控制食源性疾病的发生与流行。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the