一种基于文档内容的语义标注方法

互联网上存在海量数据,如何在大量的信息中查找到有用信息就变成了一个至关重要的问题。语义网为解决这一问题带来了曙光。然而当今网络现状与语义网之间存在巨大差距,即海量非结构化的页面内容难直接转化为语义的知识。提出了一种基于文档内容的语义标注方法,利用本体所表达的语义环境,即本体知识相关词汇及其所处的语义上下文环境在文档中出现频率,实现对文档的语义标注。实验显示方法取得良好的效果,但受本体知识质量和标注文档质量两个因素影响较大。     

一种基于本体与描述文本的网络图像语义标注方法

网络图像语义自动标注是实现对互联网中海量图像管理和检索的有效途径,而自动有效地挖掘图像语义是实现自动语义标注的关键。网络图像的语义蕴含于图像自身,但更多的在于对图像语义起不同作用的各种描述文本,而且随着图像和描述知识的变化,描述文本所描述的图像语义也随之变化。提出了一种基于领域本体和不同描述文本语义权重的自适应学习的语义自动标注方法,该方法从图像的文本特征出发考查它们对图像语义的影响,先通过本体进行有效的语义快速发现与语义扩展,再利用一种加权回归模型对图像语义在其不同类型描述文本上的分布进行自适应的建模,进而实现对网络图像的语义标注。在真实的Wcb数据环境中进行的实验中,该方法的有效性得到了验证。     

Standards for image annotation using Semantic Web

The impetus behind Semantic Web research remains the vision of supplementing availability with utility; that is, the World Wide Web provides availability of digital media, but the Semantic Web will allow presently available digital media to be used in unseen ways. An example of such an application is multimedia retrieval. At present, there are vast amounts of digital media available on the web. Once this media gets associated with machine-understandable metadata, the web can serve as a potentially unlimited supplier for multimedia web services, which could populate themselves by searching for keywords and subsequently retrieving images or articles, which is precisely the type of system that is proposed in this paper. Such a system requires solid interoperability, a central ontology, semantic agent search capabilities, and standards. Specifically, this paper explores this cross-section of image annotation and Semantic Web services, models the web service components that constitute such a system, discusses the sequential, cooperative execution of these Semantic Web services, and introduces intelligent storage of image semantics as part of a semantic link space.     

利用Prolog实现语义网中的知识推理

元数据的交换是实现语义网应用的基础。在语义网的架构中,Ontology语言利用自己的元级描述能力来建立元数据之间的联系,从而实现语义的交换。本文分析了DAML OIL语言的知识描述能力,并对它蕴含的关于类的知识建立了Prolog的推理规则,最后结合XSBProlog推理引擎和InterProlog接口用Java语言实现了对Ontology的推理,从而实现了不同Ontology之间的元数据交换。     

Magpie: Experiences in supporting Semantic Web browsing

Magpie has been one of the first truly effective approaches to bringing semantics into the web browsing experience. The key innovation brought by Magpie was the replacement of a manual annotation process by an automatically associated ontology-based semantic layer over web resources, which ensured added value at no cost for the user. Magpie also differs from older open hypermedia systems: its associations between entities in a web page and semantic concepts from an ontology enable link typing and subsequent interpretation of the resource. The semantic layer in Magpie also facilitates locating semantic services and making them available to the user, so that they can be manually activated by a user or opportunistically triggered when appropriate patterns are encountered during browsing. In this paper we track the evolution of Magpie as a technology for developing open and flexible Semantic Web applications. Magpie emerged from our research into user-accessible Semantic Web, and we use this viewpoint to assess the role of tools like Magpie in making semantic content useful for ordinary users. We see such tools as crucial in bootstrapping the Semantic Web through the automation of the knowledge generation process.     

语义网检索中的知识收集方法研究

针对传统信息检索中存在的缺乏知识表示和语义处理能力低的问题,本文提出了一个基于本体的语义网信息检索框架,该框架包括知识收集与储存层、人机交互层和知识处理层。对该框架中知识收集与储存层的关键技术及实现进行了介绍,主要包括领域本体库的构建、元数据的提取和知识库的构建等功能。其中,对元数据提取中的核心技术的实现,如领域本体库的解析、文件预处理、语义标注、知识抽取等作了详尽的介绍。     

矿山语义物联网自动语义标注方法

针对目前矿山领域异构数据融合时先验知识获取困难、物联网本体库实时性差、实例对象数据手动标注方式效率较低等问题,提出了一种矿山语义物联网自动语义标注方法。给出了传感数据语义化处理框架:一方面,确定本体的专业领域和范畴,通过重用流注释本体(SAO)构建领域本体,作为驱动语义标注的基础;另一方面,使用机器学习方法对感知数据流进行特征提取与数据分析,从海量数据中挖掘出概念间的关系;通过数据挖掘知识来驱动本体的更新与完善,实现本体的动态更新、拓展与更精确的语义标注,增强机器的理解力。以矿井提升系统主轴故障为例阐述从本体到实例化的语义标注过程:结合领域专家知识及本体重用,采用"七步法"建立矿井提升系统主传动故障本体;为了加强实例数据属性描述的准确性,使用主成分分析法(PCA)与K-means聚类方法对数据集进行降维和分组,提取出数据属性与概念的关系;通过基于语义Web的规则语言(SWRL)标注具体先行条件与后续概念的关系,优化领域本体。实验结果表明:在本体实例化过程中,可利用机器学习技术从传感数据中自动提取概念,实现传感数据的自动语义标注。     

基于本体的视频语义检索系统研究

在语义层次上检索视频内容,可以突破“语义鸿沟”,提高视频内容的利用效率。利用本体的标注和推理能力,研究视频语义检索,充分挖掘视频内容的结构和语义信息,构建层次化的语义索引,能极大提高系统的语义检索能力。该视频语义检索系统(OVSR)的本体架构集成了领域本体、视频本体和核心本体,具有很强的扩展和交互能力。主要论述OVSR的本体架构,视频语义模型和索引模型,研究OVSR的查询重写算法以及本体推理算法。     

An ontology-based retrieval system using semantic indexing

In this paper, we present an ontology-based information extraction and retrieval system and its application in the soccer domain. In general, we deal with three issues in semantic search, namely, usability, scalability and retrieval performance. We propose a keyword-based semantic retrieval approach. The performance of the system is improved considerably using domain-specific information extraction, inferencing and rules. Scalability is achieved by adapting a semantic indexing approach and representing the whole world as small independent models. The system is implemented using the state-of-the-art technologies in Semantic Web and its performance is evaluated against traditional systems as well as the query expansion methods. Furthermore, a detailed evaluation is provided to observe the performance gain due to domain-specific information extraction and inferencing. Finally, we show how we use semantic indexing to solve simple structural ambiguities.     

基于语义的中文网页检索

用户期望搜索引擎能提供基于语义的网页信息检索。基于本体、基于自然语言理解、基于文本统计分析的方法是实现中文网页语义检索的主要途径。分析了它们的实现方法、技术挑战和优、缺点;建议中文网页语义检索系统的开发应选择与普通用户联系紧密的应用领域,并以汉语词汇为索引单元,适量地采用中文信息处理技术。基于语义的中文网页检索应在以下方面加强研究:语义相关性评价方法、本体构建和实体抽取算法、基于语义的索引、大规模语义标注样本集开发等。     

一种基于稀疏编码的语义标注方法

语义标注是实现语义网的一个重要研究内容,目前已有很多标注方法取得了不错的效果。但这些方法几乎都没有注意到本体所描述的知识往往稀疏地分布在文档中,也未能有效地利用文档的组织结构信息,使得这些方法对质量较差的文档的标注不理想。为此提出了一种基于稀疏编码的本体语义自动标注方法((Semantic Annotation Method based on Sparse Coding, SAMSC),该方法先按本体知识描述从文档中识别出一定的语义作为初始值,再通过迭代解析文档段落结构和描述主题,完成本体知识与文档资源的相关系数矩阵计算,最后在全局文档空间中通过最小化损失函数来实现用本体对文档的语义标注。实验表明,该方法能有效地对互联网中大量良芬不齐的文档进行自动语义标注,对质量差的文档资源能取得让人接受的结果。     

语义网络及其Web信息检索机制研究

研究了语义网络的基本技术，重点探讨了语义网络中的信息检索机制，并利用其中的部分技术设计了一个图书检索系统。     

Searching and ranking method of relevant resources by user intention on the Semantic Web

As the information on the Internet dramatically increases, more and more limitations in information searching are revealed, because web pages are designed for human use by mixing content with presentation. In order to overcome these limitations, the Semantic Web, based on ontology, was introduced by W3C to bring about significant advancement in web searching. To accomplish this, the Semantic Web must provide search methods based on the different relationships between resources.In this paper, we propose a semantic association search methodology that consists of the evaluation of resources and relationships between resources, as well as the identification of relevant information based on ontology, a semantic network of resources and properties. The proposed semantic search method is based on an extended spreading activation technique. In order to evaluate the importance of a query result, we propose weighting methods for measuring properties and resources based on their specificity and generality. From this work, users can search semantically associated resources for their query, confident that the information is valuable and important. The experimental results show that our method is valid and efficient for searching and ranking semantic search results.     

基于本体的Web使用知识发现模型及应用

本体在Web上的应用能够有效解决Web信息共享的语义问题。该文提出了基于Web本体和服务器日志文件的知识发现模型，主要讨论了用户访问行为的表示、语义用户分布的定义及发现算法。最后介绍了Web使用知识发现模型在Web个性化系统中的应用。     

OWL-QL—a language for deductive query answering on the Semantic Web

This paper discusses the issues involved in designing a query language for the Semantic Web and presents the OWL query language (OWL-QL) as a candidate standard language and protocol for query–answering dialogues among Semantic Web computational agents using knowledge represented in the W3Cs ontology web language (OWL). OWL-QL is a formal language and precisely specifies the semantic relationships among a query, a query answer, and the knowledge base(s) used to produce the answer. Unlike standard database and Web query languages, OWL-QL supports query–answering dialogues in which the answering agent may use automated reasoning methods to derive answers to queries, as well as dialogues in which the knowledge to be used in answering a query may be in multiple knowledge bases on the Semantic Web, and/or where those knowledge bases are not specified by the querying agent. In this setting, the set of answers to a query may be of unpredictable size and may require an unpredictable amount of time to compute.     

Question answering based on pervasive agent ontology and Semantic Web

Semantic Web technologies bring new benefits to knowledge-based question answering system. Especially, ontology is becoming the pivotal methodology to represent domain-specific conceptual knowledge in order to promote the semantic capability of a QA system. In this paper we present a QA system in which the domain knowledge is represented by means of ontology. In addition, personalized services are enabled through modeling users’ profiles in the form of pervasive agent ontology, and a Chinese Natural Language human–machine interface is implemented mainly through a NL parser in this system. An initial evaluation result shows the feasibility to build such a semantic QA system based on pervasive agent ontology, the effectivity of personalized semantic QA, the extensibility of pervasive agent ontology and knowledge base, and the possibility of self-produced knowledge-based on semantic relations in the pervasive agent ontology.