共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分的性质与组分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分为原料,对其进行理化性质、硫/氮化合物分布、烃类组成分布及酚油含量的检测.结果表明,煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分部分指标不符合3号喷气燃料规范要求,如密度偏大、热值偏低、酸值偏高、硫/氮含量偏高和芳烃含量高,但煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分又具有高闪点、低冰点和富含环烷烃等突出优点.煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分的上述特性将使其通过加氢精制的方法获得合格的大比重喷气燃料.实验通过碱洗酸提方法富集酚,测得煤直接液化油航空煤油馏分中酚油约占26%左右,低级酚含量约占总酚量的72%. 相似文献
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以选取的环烷酸模型化合物为基础,利用热力学方法分析其酯化反应的可能性。由于环烷酸物质结构的特殊性,它们的热力学数据通常无法直接获取,采用了基团贡献法估算酯化反应体系中环烷酸及环烷酸酯在298.15K标准态下的生成焓和标准熵,同时确定了这两种物质等压热容随温度的变化关系,进而得到了不同温度条件下酯化反应的吉布斯自由能变及平衡常数。计算结果表明,酯化反应的平衡常数很大(107),从而确定了该反应体系的可能性。 相似文献
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根据对原生产工艺的分析,找出生产中存在的弊端,确定提高环烷酸产品质量的方法与途径,并加以科学比较,选择最佳生产路线,使其生产的精制环烷酸产品粗酸值≥200mgKOH/g,环烷酸含量≥85%,作为航煤添加剂、高强度粘接剂的中间体等,经用户使用满足要求,增加了经济效益。 相似文献
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辽河催化裂化澄清油中芳烃含量高、沥青质含量低、分子量分布窄,是生产针状焦的优质原料,但其所含的灰分对澄清油的加工利用有着较大影响。先将澄清油中加入絮凝剂脱灰,再经减压蒸馏切割420~500℃的馏分,富集可生成针状焦的有效组分,去除原料中不利于热转化反应的因素,并以此中间馏分为原料进行恒温热转化。实验结果表明:澄清油预处理效果明显,原料组成趋于合理,所得中间馏分具有较低的nH/nC(H/C原子比)和适宜的组成分布。恒温热转化半焦产物的光学组织结构属于各向异性发达的广域-流线型结构。 相似文献
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郭鑫 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2011,31(6)
石油树脂是石油裂解所副产的馏份,经前处理、聚合、蒸馏等工艺生产的一种树脂,它不是高聚物,而是分子量介于300-3000的低聚物.它具有酸值低,混溶性好,耐水、耐乙醇和耐化学品等特性.本文就石油树脂在油漆中的应用谈几点粗浅看法. 相似文献
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石油酸是原油和馏分油中普遍存在的腐蚀性物质,其主要成分为环烷酸并且含量可以高达90%以上。环烷酸具有羧酸的所有化学性质,所以常常造成严重的腐蚀,从而影响原油加工设备及油品使用设备的正常运行和使用寿命。随着近年来世界范围内高酸原油产量的逐渐增加,高原油及各种高酸值馏分油所带来的腐蚀与产品质量问题显得愈发严重,因此迫切需要开发出经济高效的脱酸技术与工艺路线。本文较为全面而详细地总结并评述了国内外原油及油品的各种脱酸技术方法。分析表明:目前所报道的各类脱酸工艺较多,其中工业应用的加氢脱酸效果虽好但是成本较高,而其他大多数脱酸方法都存在较多的缺点或不足,因此探寻一种绿色环保、经济高效并且具有较好普适性的油品脱酸工艺显得非常迫切而必要。酯化法脱酸具有加工工艺简单、不需要复杂的后继处理,几乎可以降低所有的高酸值原油和油品(轻质、重质馏分油以及渣油)的酸值,为原料油的进一步加工提供了方便。酯化脱酸工艺的关键在于高效催化剂的选择,而目前的催化酯化体系虽然脱酸率较高,但仍存在着反应时间较长的不足,相信通过反应过程强化等手段解决该问题以后,催化酯化脱酸工艺会被很快投入到原油及油品的脱酸实际工业生产中去。 相似文献
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介绍了环烷基原油资源分布及其利用情况。环烷基原油的润滑油馏分中含蜡量少或几乎不含蜡,凝固点低,粘度指数较低,可用来制备倾点要求很低而对粘温性能要求不高的油品,如电器用油、冷冻机油等;而渣油中含沥青较多的特点可用来生产优质道路沥青。 相似文献
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《Fuel》2007,86(5-6):758-768
Traditional hydrocarbon biomarker analyses determined the degree of biodegradation in two reservoir and two surface oils. These data were then correlated to the distribution and type (rings plus double bonds) of acidic NSO species selectively ionized and mass resolved by negative ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) to determine if oxygenated polars could be used to estimate the degree of biodegradation in crude-oil contaminated soil (surface) samples. Since the histories of the surface samples were unknown (as it often the case for environmental samples), non-degraded and severely degraded reservoir oils were used as compositional benchmarks. The biodegraded reservoir crude oil exhibited an increase in relative abundance of O2-species, a decrease in acyclic fatty acids, an increase in multi-ring naphthenic acids and a decrease in C32 hopanoic acids compared to the non-biodegraded reservoir crude oil. The surface oils exhibited trends similar to the biodegraded reservoir oil, indicating that the surface oils were biodegraded in the reservoir, the environment or both. However, one surface sample also exhibited biomarker signatures indicative of a non-degraded oil. This evidence, in combination with the ESI FT-ICR MS data, suggests that the sample was contaminated with a mixture of biodegraded and non-degraded oils and demonstrates how analysis of hydrocarbon and polar fractions can reveal complex histories of surface contamination. This work is the first detailed compositional analysis of acidic NSO species in crude oil soil extracts and lays the foundation for our understanding of how surface biodegradation effects the composition of polars. 相似文献
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Stability of water/toluene interfaces saturated with adsorbed naphthenic acids with various sizes at room temperature was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. In direct comparison with our recent results on similar systems involving n-heptane as the oil phase, it has been found that toluene significantly enhances the stability of the water/oil interface, as suggested by the considerably reduced diffusion coefficients of the interface-bound naphthenic acids. The oil phase dependence may be rationalized in terms of the oil-naphthenic acid interactions, both electronically and sterically, and the intermolecular interactions between the molecules in the oil phase. Consistent with our previous studies, mobility of naphthenic acid has been found to be dependent on its size, with naphthenic acid featuring a longer carbon chain in between the carboxylic and cycloaliphatic groups showing lower mobility, leading to a more stable interface. However, such size dependence is much more pronounced for the water/toluene than the water/n-heptane interface. This may be understood in terms of the structural influence of toluene on the compactness of the liquid crystalline mesophase formed by naphthenic acids adsorbed at the interface. 相似文献
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高硫与高酸原油的加工腐蚀与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对高硫高酸原油加工带来的腐蚀问题,综合分析了硫化物和环烷酸的腐蚀机理,并对几种防腐措施进行了对比分析,提出抑制高硫高酸原油加工腐蚀的有效手段。 相似文献