摩天大楼对城市环境的影响及对策

在肯定摩天大楼在为人类创造文明，并不断丰富着城市天际线的同时，从七个方面说明了它可能成为城市建设上的“败笔”，特别在城市环境建设中留下诸多不可持续发展的因素，并提出今后摩天大楼发展的改进措施。     

浅析屋顶绿化对城市环境的影响

结合目前屋顶绿化的发展现状,分析了屋顶绿化在净化空气、降低噪声、美化局部环境等方面对城市环境的影响,指出屋顶绿化对改善人类生存环境、改善生态效应、提高生活质量、美化城市环境有着极其重要的意义。     

城市区域热环境对城市景观设计的影响——以西安地区广场为例

随着城市的发展,城市景观在人们生活中的作用越来越明显.人们对于城市景观设计的要求也逐步从追求气派逐步走向人性化.而当今,对于城市景观设计多停留在空间设计的层面上,未能考虑城市景观设计中的热环境的问题.本文针对此类问题结合对西安地区典型的两个广场热环境测试结果,进行分析并提出问题及改进措施.     

山地城市绿化与热环境

分析了山地气候的特点以及对城市热环境的影响,论述了山地城市气候与城市规划、绿化之间的关系,通过红外热像仪测试公路堡坎墙与绿化带的温度以及有无绿化屋面温度的对比,显示城市硬化表面绿化可降低表面温度峰值15℃以上,说明城市绿化对改善城市热环境有显著效果。     

摩天大楼对城市环境的影响及对策

在肯定摩天大楼在为人类创造文明,并不断丰富着城市天际线的同时,从七个方面说明了它可能成为城市建设上的“败笔”,特别在城市环境建设中留下诸多不可持续发展的因素,并提出今后摩天大楼发展的改进措施。     

广州城市尺度的热环境改善区划方法

对城市热环境的研究尺度进行了划分,并在总结城市尺度热环境影响因素的基础上,借鉴德国和香港城市环境气候图的编制经验,以广州为例论述了在城市尺度上,结合规划管理单元划分生态冷源控制区、城市热环境控制区的区划方法,并对各分区提出了规划设计指引.     

城市人为热及其影响城市热环境的研究综述

建筑群布局与空间几何形态、下垫面物理属性以及人为热排放是影响城市热岛的3大人为因素.近年来,针对城市热岛与影响因素的研究层出不穷.对城市人为热及其影响室外热环境的研究进行梳理是对影响城市热岛的人为因素进行研究的完善和补充.本文从城市人为排热量统计、人为热对城市室外气温的影响2方面展开,对国内外相关研究进展进行综述,对研究对象、人为排热量计算方法和人为排热量对城市热环境影响研究方法3个方面进行总结,并提炼了一些重要结论.本文为该领域接下来相关研究工作的重点提供了线索,即关注人为热排放与城市规划重要指标的关系,探索人为热对城市热环境的影响机理和内在规律,从而提出更全面、更有效改善城市气候的措施.     

健康城市住区的热环境探析

在经历“非典”疾病流行事件后,人们痛定思痛,从不同角度对人居环境进行了反思,健康的概念前所未有地成为社会各界关注的重点。热环境是人居环境的重要组成方面,保持良好的热环境是健康城市、健康住区和人体健康的重要前提。分析城市热环境的特征及其影响效应,探讨在整体、系统和生态气候学的原则下改善城市住区热环境的途径,对于营造健康的人居环境起着重要作用。     

改善城市公寓住宅热环境的主要措施

通过对城市住宅热环境调研，提出一些因地制宜地改善住宅室内热环境的措施。     

长江沿岸四城市建筑热环境与建筑节能

根据国家计委和建设部下达的《建筑节能经济技术政策研究》课题的要求。为了解我国长江流域建筑室内热环境质量、冬季取暖与夏季降温用能耗,以及房屋建筑及建筑节能工作现状,我们对长江沿岸的南京、武汉、宜昌和重庆四城市进行了调研,其目的是,在摸清基本情况的基础上,探讨逐步改善建筑热环境质量,逐步开展建筑节能工作的目标和途径,提出有关经济技术政策的意见。     

浅析风环境下沿海城市的建筑设计

随着沿海城市楼群的密集开发,人们更加关注健康居住环境,如何创造舒适的建筑风环境已成为建筑师所面临的问题。本文分析了建筑自然通风的重要性及避免城市建筑楼群中出现的再生风、二次风的必要性,并提出如何从建筑群总体布局及建筑物形式上优化,包括利用风洞模拟试验和计算机数值模拟方法协助设计室外风环境,有效合理利用自然风,并能同时达到节能效果。     

Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, Japan and Bangkok, Thailand

Anthropogenic effects in both Osaka and Bangkok were evaluated to compare the relationships between subsurface environment and the development stage of both cities. Subsurface thermal anomalies due to heat island effects were found in both cities. The Surface Warming Index (SWI), the departure depth from the steady geothermal gradient, was used as an indicator of the heat island effect. SWI increases (deeper) with the magnitude of heat island effect and the elapsed time starting from the surface warming. Distributions of subsurface thermal anomalies due to the heat island effect agreed well with the distribution of changes in air temperature due to the same process, which is described by the distribution of population density in both Osaka and Bangkok. Different time lags between groundwater depression and subsidence in the two cities was found. This is attributed to differences in hydrogeologic characters, such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity. We find that differences in subsurface degradations in Osaka and Bangkok, including subsurface thermal anomalies, groundwater depression, and land subsidence, depends on the difference of the development stage of urbanization and hydrogeological characters.     

Land Redevelopment and the Built Environment in Third-Wave Cities: Review and Synthesis

I seek to synthesize several different approaches to issues of urban land redevelopment and the built environment. The essay focuses on developments in the third and current historical wave of capitalist development. I describe the economic logic of land-use change with reference to both commercial and residential property. This logic has become intimately intertwined with global finance and this state of affairs has introduced new elements of fluidity and risk into the built environment. Issues of urban policy and the role of municipal authorities in shaping urban land markets are then considered. I describe how local government agencies increasingly pursue development projects in complex partnerships with representatives of the real-estate industry. In the second half of the paper, the overall argument is recast by reference to three important trends in regard to land-redevelopment and the built environment in third-wave cities, namely, the economic and architectural renaissance of central business districts, the widespread gentrification of inner-city neighborhoods, and the emergence of a new post-suburban phase of peripheral urban expansion.     

热管热回收空调系统的研究

阐明了一种新型热管的工作原理,对该新型热管在空调热回收系统应用进行分析,并将热管热回收空调系统与传统空调系统进行比较,分析其在空调系统中热回收性能。     

The Office Environment Model: A Conceptual Analysis of the Sick Building Syndrome*

Abstract This paper examines the phenomenon sick building syndrome and related concepts, and proposes a theoretical model, the Office Environment Model, to explain the relationship between office environment and health. The sick building syndrome should be thought of as a figurative concept of everyday language, rather than as a single disease entity. This is because the phenomenon consists of several types of relations between different environmental determinants and health. Based on Popper's framework of three worlds, the model divides the office environment ontologically into physical and social, and the health outcomes into physiological and psychological. The outcome is further categorized into two dimensions: anatomic site (eyes, respiratory tract, skin, and central nervous system), and hypothesized underlying mechanism (mechanical irritation and inflammation, immunological reaction, toxicity, infection, and environmental psychological stress). The model stipulates the following types of causal relations. The physical environment causes physical and psychological effects via physiological and/or psychological processes. The social environment causes physical and psychological effects via psychological processes. The physical and social environment may have synergistic effects, and constitutional factors such as gender and atopy are additional determinants of the outcomes, as well as possible modifiers of the relations between environment and health. To understand the health effects of the office environment, it is necessary to focus separately on different determinant-outcome relations, bearing in mind that the different determinants affect human health concurrently and sometimes the effects may be synergistic.     

上海城市热岛效应与绿地系统建设研究

上海作为我国东部沿海城市化高度发达的城市,其城市热岛效应在近年来有减弱的趋势。该文分析了这一趋势与近年来上海城市绿地建设的关系,提出了减轻热岛效应的城市绿地建设措施,并对上海市绿地系统的构建作了初步探讨。     

岳阳市岳阳大道城市设计

通过对岳阳大道周边山水格局的分析,尝试以现代城市设计方法,寻求将自然山水与现代城市空间有机融合,探索山水城市景观与城市特色的新模式,以期能为改变当前“千城一面”的不良倾向作出积极的应对。     

防冻液对热泵机组换热性能的影响

介绍了热泵系统防液所应具备的基本属性，讨论了在不同换热器类型、防冻液种类、浓度和温度条件下循环液工质对换热的影响。通过传热衰减系数DU这一概念的提出，讨论了添加防冻剂对热泵机组换热器换热效果的影响，并分别在制冷工况和制热工况下给出了不同种类和浓度的防冻液所对应的换热面积修正系数和循环水泵功率的变化。     

窗墙相关性原理与窗的隔热控制——建筑热环境与节能研究(之二)

该文提出了空调条件下的窗墙相关性原理，并由此计算出各向窗的隔热控制指标，进而为窗的节能控制提供了重要的理论根据与计算方法。     

既有住宅失能老人居室空间光热环境及舒适性评价研究

基于对失能老人居家养老支持性 需求中物理环境需求的考虑,探究我国不同 年代既有住宅失能老人居室空间的光热环 境现状以及舒适性情况。文章以哈尔滨为 例,选取2000年前后建造的失能老人住宅 典型户型3户,对其居室空间的天然光照度、 温度、湿度、风速以及空气品质进行连续实 测,获得居室物理环境现状,分析其天然光 环境、热湿环境、光热环境以及空气质量情 况,并进行舒适性评价,发现其亟待改造的 物理环境因素。研究表明：一、2000年前住 宅居室采光效果差,天然光环境急需改善, 且当室内平均照度低于600 lx时,失能老人开 始普遍认为光环境舒适性降低;二、调研间,2000年后住宅居室室内外平均温度差低于2000年前住宅居室,室内温度与室外温度相关性 较2000年前住宅居室高,室内温度较不稳定,部分时间室内热湿环境情况落在 ASHRAE舒适 区以及夏季实际热舒适区间外,在获得更加稳定舒适的热湿环境方面仍需改进;三、居室空间 的光热环境有一定关联性且受外窗影响,如通过改造外窗提升室内环境质量需考虑光热环境平 衡问题,改造受限时也可通过调整功能布局以适应现有光热环境。本研究将为今后失能老人住 宅适老性环境改造提供更有针对性的研究基础。