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1.
The Cu x Si1-x thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with in situ annealing on Si (001) and Si (111), respectively. The transformation of phase was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the as-deposited films were composed of Cu on both Si (001) and Si (111). The annealed thin films consisted of Cu + η”-Cu3Si on Si (001) while Cu + η’-Cu3Si on Si (111), respectively, at annealed temperature (T a) = 300-600 °C. With the further increasing of T a, at T a= 700 °C, there was only one main phase, η”-Cu3Si on Si (001) while η’-Cu3Si on Si (111), respectively. The annealed thin films transformed from continuous dense structure to scattered-grain morphology with increasing T a detected by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was also showed that the grain size would enlarge with increasing annealing time (t a).  相似文献   

2.
Hexagonal boron nitride ceramic (h-BN) based on the nitridation of B powders was obtained by reaction sintering method. The effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resultant products were investigated and the reaction mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the reaction between B and N2 occurred vigorously at temperatures ranging from 1 000 °C to 1 300 °C, which resulted in the generation of t-BN. When the temperature exceeded 1 450 °C, transformation from t-BN to h-BN began to occur. As the sintering temperature increased, the spherical particles of t-BN gradually transformed into fine sheet particles of h-BN. These particles subsequently displayed a compact arrangement to achieve a more uniform microstructure, thereby increasing the strength.  相似文献   

3.
TiC x /Cu composites were fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot press technology. Using XRD, SEM, EDS, FESEM analysis methods, the effects of various carbon sources and different Cu contents on the microstructures of TiC x /Cu composites and the size of TiC x particles were investigated. Results showed that TiC x reinforcing particles size increases with decreasing Cu content in Cu-Ti-C reaction system. With carbon nanotubes (carbon black) serving as carbon source, the generated TiC x particles size transits from nanometer to submicron when Cu content corresponding to the reaction system is reduced to 60 vol% (70 vol%); while graphite serves as carbon source, there is no clear limiting concentration. C particles with smaller size, larger specific surface area and better distribution result in finer TiC x particles, which is more beneficial to generating nano-sized TiC x /Cu composites.  相似文献   

4.
This paper reports the effects of variations in the fuel composition of H2/CO/CH4 syngas on the characteristics of NO x and CO emissions in a partially-premixed gas turbine combustor. Combustion tests were conducted on a full range of fuel compositions by varying each component gas from 0% to 100% at heat inputs of 40 and 50 kWth. Flame temperature, combustor liner temperature, ignition delay time, and flame structure were investigated computationally and experimentally to judge whether they are significant indicators of NO x and CO formation. The characteristics of and reasons for NO x and CO emissions were investigated by analyzing the emission mechanisms and relationships among fuel property, equivalence ratio, flame temperature, liner temperature, flame shape. The flame structures were investigated using the following flame visualization methods: (1) time-averaged OH* chemiluminescence and its Abel-deconvolution; (2) direct photography; and (3) instantaneous OH-PLIF. The flame structures were greatly changed by the fuel composition and heat input, and they were subjected to key affecting parameters of the temperatures of the flames and the liners. NO x and CO emissions also largely varied according to fuel composition and heat input, showing neither linearly nor exponentially clear proportional trends toward the syngas compositions because of the singular conditions. For example, only the 100% CO flame at low load emitted lots of CO, whereas complete combustion was observed in other cases. However, the qualitative observations showed that the root causes of NO x emission behaviors were flame temperature and flame structure, which were directly related to the residence time in the flame. Various sets of practical test results were obtained, and these results could contribute to the optimal selection of the fuel-feeding condition when fuel is changed from natural gas to syngas in order to minimize NO x and CO emissions with stable combustion.  相似文献   

5.
Polycrystalline Bi4Ti3O12 thin films with various fractions of a-axis, c-axis and random orientations have been grown on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by laser-ablation under different kinetic growth conditions. The relationship between the structure and ferroelectric property of the films was investigated, so as to explore the possibility of enhancing ferroelectric polarization by controlling the preferred orientation. The structural characterization indicated that the large growth rate and high oxygen background pressure were both favorable for the growth of non-c-axis oriented grains in the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films. The films with high fractions of a-axis and random orientations, i e, f (a-sxis) = 28.3% and f (random) = 69.6%, could be obtained at the deposition temperature of 973 K, oxygen partial pressure of 15 Pa and laser fluence of 4.6 J/cm2, respectively. It was also noted that the variation of ferroelectric polarization was in accordance with the evolution non-c-axis orientation. A large value of remanent polarization (2Pr = 35.5 μC/cm2) was obtained for the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films with significant non-c-axis orientation, even higher than that of rare-earth-doped Bi4Ti3O12 films.  相似文献   

6.
We put forward a first-principles density-functional theory about the impact of pressure on the structural and elastic properties of bulk CaN2, SrN2 and BaN2. The ground state properties of three alkaline earth diazenides were obtained, and these were in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data. By using the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the thermodynamic properties including the debye temperature Θ D, thermal expansion coefficient α, and grüneisen parameter γ are successfully obtained in the temperature range from 0 to 100 K and pressure range from 0 to 100 GPa, respectively. The optical properties including dielectric function ε(?), absorption coefficient α(?), reflectivity coefficient R(?), and refractive index n(?) are also calculated and analyzed.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of Ga2O3 on the structure and properties of calcium aluminate glasses fabricated by vacuum melting process was investigated by Raman spectrum, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and infrared spectrum methods. The results show that calcium aluminate glass network only consists of [AlO4] tetrahedral units. With the gradual addition of Ga2O3, the quantity of [GaO4] tetrahedral units increases. Substitution of Ga2O3 for Al2O3 results in a decrease in T g T x, and T p, and an increase in the thermal stable index ΔT. Similarly, the absorption band around 3.0 μm obviously reduces and the transparency in 4.0-6.0 μm rapidly increases with increasing Ga2O3 content. However, the chemical stability of calcium aluminate glasses decreases if Ga2O3 is introduced due to the increasing of [GaO4] units in the glass network.  相似文献   

8.
ZnMn2O4 films for resistance random access memory (RRAM) were fabricated with different device structures by magnetron sputtering. The effects of electrode on I-V characteristics, resistance switching behavior, endurance and retention characteristics of ZnMn2O4 films were investigated. The ZnMn2O4 films, using p-Si and Pt as bottom electrode, exhibit bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behavior dominated by the space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism in the high resistance state (HRS) and the filament conduction mechanism in the low resistance state (LRS), but the ZnMn2O4 films using n-Si as bottom electrodes exhibit both bipolar and unipolar resistive switching behaviors controlled by the Poole-Frenkel (P-F) conduction mechanism in both HRS and LRS. Ag/ZnMn2O4/p-Si device possesses the best endurance and retention characteristics, in which the number of stable repetition switching cycle is over 1000 and the retention time is longer than 106 seconds. However, the highest R HRS/R LRS ratio of 104 and the lowest V ON and V OFF of 3.0 V have been observed in Ag/ZnMn2O4/Pt device. Though the Ag/ZnMn2O4/n-Si device also possesses the highest R HRS/R LRS ratio of 104, but the highest values of V ON,V OFF, R HRS and R LRS, as well as the poor endurance and retention characteristics.  相似文献   

9.
BiB3O6 (BIBO) single crystals with size of 46×23×10 mm3 and weight of 26.0 g have been successfully grown by top-seeded method. Problems encountered in the growth process of this crystal have been discussed in detail, and the methods of growing high-quality large crystals have been put forward. The relationship between their structure and properties is studied. The space group of monoclinic BiB3O6 is C2 and the cell parameters are a=7.1203(7) Å, b=4.9948(7) Å, c=6.5077(7) Å, β=105.586(8)″, and V=222.93(5) Å3. The density of BIBO is 4.8965 g/cm3. The Mohs’s scale of hardness is 5.5–6. There is no cleavage face in the crystal. The transmittance of BIBO is about 80 percent in the range from visible coherent light to near-infrared light. The ultraviolet cutoff wavelength is at 276 nm. BiB3O6 is a biaxial crystal and has two sets of axes, and the relative orientation of (X, Y, Z) with regard to (a, b, c) is: X//b, (Y, c)=47.2°, (Z, a)=31.6°, determined by X-ray analysis combined with polarized microscopy. Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) experiments were carried out for the first time. In type I phase-matching (PM) directions (11.1°, 90°) and (168.9°, 90°), SHG conversion efficiencies of two directions for 1.064 μm light are up to 67.7% and 58%, respectively. We have also obtained the third-harmonic-generation (THG) of 1.064 μm. The comparative experiments between BIBO and KTP were carried out on conversion efficiency, transmittance and hardness. All the above results indicate that BiB3O6 is a kind of excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal.  相似文献   

10.
CuO-doped (Ag0.75Li0.1Na0.1K0.05)NbO3 (ALNKN-xCuO, x = 0–2mol%) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere. The effects of CuO addition on the phase structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that the ALNKN ceramics without doping CuO possess rhombohedral phase along with K2Nb6O16-type phase and metallic silver phase. For all of the CuO-doped ALNKN ceramics, a pure perovskite structure with the orthorhombic phase was obtained by enclosing the samples in a corundum tube. A homogeneous microstructure with the grain size of about 1 μm was formed for the ceramics with 0.5mol% CuO. The grain size increases with increasing amount of CuO. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties indicates that the ferroelectric phase of the ALNKN-xCuO ceramics becomes less stable with the addition of CuO. The ceramics with x = 1mol% exhibit relatively good electrical properties along with a high Curie temperature. These results will provide a helpful guidance to preparing other AN-based ceramics by solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere.  相似文献   

11.
To study the controlled effect of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) and ethylenediamine (EDA)-maleic anhydride (MAH) modified PLA (EMPLA) for in vitro release of nestorone, rods were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Amount of drug release in vitro was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Effects of rods diameter, the molecular weight of PLA, the drug percentage and the hydrophilicity of polymers on the release of biodegradable nestorone rods in vitro were investigated. It is indicated that the controlled effect of the biodegradable rods for the release of nestorone in vitro is good. The amount of drug released every week from rods in different diameter is similar to one another. The amount of drug released every week and the accumulative drug released during 12 week were almost in direct proportion with the drug percentage of the rods. The amount of drug released every week is increased as the decreasing of PLA molecular weight. As the hydrophlicity of polymer is improved, the rate of drug release every week is accelerated. The studies show that the plausibility of controlled release of nestorone from PLA, PLGA and EMPLA rods imply the possibility of their application as a controlled delivery system for nestorone. The results show that the greater the molecular weight of PLA is, the slower its degradation is and the slower the drug released; the greater the percentage of nestorone is, the more quickly the drug release. An increase of the hydrophilicity of the polymers will increase their degradation rate and leads to a fast drug release. Anyhow, these rods systems should be further evaluated in vivo.  相似文献   

12.
(Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.85Bi0.1TiO3 ceramics doped with x wt%CaZrO3 (x= 0-10) were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The effects of CaZrO3 amount on the dielectric properties and structure of (Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.85Bi0.1TiO3 ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction results indicated a pure cubic perovskite structure for all samples and that the lattice parameter increased till x=5 and then slightly decreased. A homogenous microstructure was observed with the addition of CaZrO3. Dielectric measurements revealed a relaxor-like characteristic for all samples and that the diffusivity γ reached the maximum value of 1.78 at x=5. With the addition of CaZrO3, the dielectric constant dependence on electric field was weakened, insulation resistivity enhanced and dielectric breakdown strength improved obviously and reached 19.9 kV/mm at x=7.5. In virtue of low dielectric loss (tan δ<0.001 5), moderate dielectric constant (εr >1 500) and high breakdown strength (Eb >17.5 kV/mm), the CaZrO3 doped (Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.85Bi0.1TiO3 ceramic is a potential candidate material for high power electric applications.  相似文献   

13.
The Sm3+-doped SrO-Al2O3-SiO2 (SAS) glass-ceramics with excellent luminescence properties were prepared by batch melting and heat treatment. The crystallization behavior and luminescent properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated by DTA, XRD, SEM and luminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the crystal phase precipitated in this system is monocelsian (SrAl2Si2O8) and with the increase of nucleation/crystallization temperature, the crystallite increases from 66 % to 79 %. The Sm3+-doped SAS glass-ceramics emit green, orange and red lights centered at 565, 605, 650 and 715 nm under the excitation of 475 nm blue light which can be assigned to the 4G5/26 H j/2 (j=5, 7, 9, 11) transitions of Sm3+, respectively. Besides, by increasing the crystallization temperature or the concentration of Sm3+, the emission lights of the samples located at 565, 605 and 650 nm are intensified significantly. The present results demonstrate that the Sm3+-doped SAS glass-ceramics are promising luminescence materials for white LED devices by fine controlling and combining of these three green, orange and red lights in appropriate proportion.  相似文献   

14.
CCD and WFI are payloads in the visible light and near infrared bands on CBERS satellites and they have not been applied widely, especially WFI. This article mainly probes into the potential of these two sensors’ application in the vegetation monitoring and analyses the influences of radiometric calibration, atmosphere conditions and sun-observing geometry, etc. onNDVI obtained from these two sensors respectively. In addition it analyses the effect of the spectral response difference of red and near infrared spectral bands in CCD and WFI sensors onNDVI. Results indicate that radiometric calibration is the most important factor onNDVI, which cannot be applied to vegetation monitoring without radiometric calibration. Results also demonstrate that near surfaceNDVI is different greatly from that of TOA which change with atmosphere conditions. The study shows thatNDVI is also affected by the non-lambertian character of surface and the change of the atmospheric path with the observing geometry. AndNDVI of WFI is higher than that of CCD. They are very different because of their spectral diffirence, but they have a good linear relevant relationship.  相似文献   

15.
Amorphous La0.7Zn0.3MnO3 (LZMO) films were deposited on p+-Si substrates by sol-gel method at low temperature of 450 °C. The Ag/LZMO/p+-Si device exhibits invertible bipolar resistive switching and the R HRS/R LRS was about 104-106 at room temperature which can be kept over 103 switching cycles. Better endurance characteristics were observed in the Ag/LZMO/p+-Si device, the V Set and the V Reset almost remained after 103 endurance switching cycles. According to electrical analyses, the conductor mechanism was in low resistor state (LRS) governed by the filament conductor and in the high state (HRS) dominated by the traps-controlled space-charge-limited current (SCLC) conductor.  相似文献   

16.
The fundamental characteristics of varied initial core-sizes of BaTiO3(BT) and its influential role on the morphology and dielectric properties of BaTiO3@0.6BaTiO3-0.4BiAlO3(BT@0.6BT-0.4BA) ceramic samples were studied. Alkoxide sol-precipitation method was adopted as revised chemical route to synthesize the constituent “core” BT powders in a dispersed phase, whereas the distinctive initial nano-sized particles were affected by the pre-calcination temperatures (600-900 °C).The microstructure of the uncoated BT ceramics revealed an exaggerated grain growth with an optimized dielectric constant (εmax >9 000) whilst the coated ceramics behaved otherwise (grain growth inhibited) when sintered at an elevated temperature. Regardless of the previously studied solubility limit (about 0.1%) of BT-BA samples, BT@0.6BT-0.4BA maintained a maximum dielectric constant (εmax) ranging from 1 592 to 1 708 and tan δ less than 2% under a unit mole ratio at room temperature. In view of all these analyses, the initial nanometer sizes of the as-prepared BT-core powders combined with the increase effect of cation substitutions of Bi3+ and Al3+ in the shell content, induced the diffuse transition phase of BT@0.6BT-0.4BA composition.  相似文献   

17.
The crystal structure, band structure, density of states, Mulliken charge, bond population and optical properties for LiBi1-xMxO3 (M=V, Nb, and Ta) were investigated using hybrid density functional theory. It was found that LiBiO3 doped with V, Nb, and Ta presented distinctly stronger covalent interactions in M-O (M=V, Nb, and Ta) than Bi-O, thus resulting in mild distortion of the structure and facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the hybridizations of Bi-6s, M-d (M=V, Nb, and Ta) and O-2p widened the valence and conduction bands, which promoted transmission of photogenerated carriers in the band edge and thus caused better photocatalytic performance.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to describe the roles of microstructure types and grain boundary characteristics in fatigue crack propagation behavior in ferrite-pearlite steel and ferrite-bainite steel.The ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel was obtained by intermediate heat treatment conducted on ferrite-pearlite low carbon steel.This paper presents the results from investigation using constant stress-controlled fatigue tests with in-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD) and fatigue fractography analysis.Microscopic images arrested by in-situ SEM showed that the second hard bainite phase distributed in the soft ferrite matrix had a significant effect on preventing the cracks opening compared with pearlite,and that the cracks in ferrite-bainite steel were "locked" in the second hard bainite phase while the crack propagation path in ferrite-pearlite steel was more tortuous.Moreover,the fatigue fracture surface analysis and the coincidence site lattice(CSL) obtained by EBSD indicated that low-CSL grain boundaries in ferrite-bainite steel distributed more uniformly,which has a more significant effect on the resistance of crack propagation.It was revealed that ferrite-bainite dual-phase microstructures could inhibit the fatigue crack propagation more effectively than ferrite-pearlite microstructures.  相似文献   

19.
The electronic structures of bulk Bi2Te3 crystals were investigated by the first-principles calculations. The transport coefficients including Seeback coefficient and power factor were then calculated by the Boltzmann theory, and further evaluated as a function of chemical potential assuming a rigid band picture. The results suggest that p-type doping in the Bi2Te3 compound may be more favorable than n-type doping. From this analysis results, doping effects on a material will exhibit high ZT. Furthermore, we can also find the right doping concentration to produce more efficient materials, and present the “advantage filling element map” in detail.  相似文献   

20.
The Ag/Mg0.2Zn0.8O/ZnMn2O4/p+-Si heterostructure devices were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating technique and the resistive switching behavior, conduction mechanism, endurance characteristic, and retention properties were investigated. A distinct bipolar resistive switching behavior of the devices was observed at room temperature. The resistance ratio R HRS/R LRS of high resistance state and low resistance state is as large as four orders of magnitude with a readout voltage of 2.0 V. The dominant conduction mechanism of the device is trap-controlled space charge limited current (SCLC). The devices exhibit good durability under 1×103 cycles and the degradation is invisible for more than 106 s.  相似文献   

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