Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO₃) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.     

Effect of water washing pre-treatment on the properties of glass-ceramics from incinerator fly ash using electronic arc furnace

Production of glass-ceramics by sintering the molten slag obtained from electric arc furnace treatment of fly ash was investigated. The effect of washing pretreatment prior to melting the fly ash on the microstructure and properties of the glass-ceramics was examined. The results show that washing pretreatment of fly ash can decrease alkali metal chloride and increase network former in fly ash, which results in the increase of peak crystallization temperature of parent glass and strengthening of properties of bending strength and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics. The optimal heat treatment temperature for parent glass of washed fly ash is 1 173 K, at which the crystalline phase of glass-ceramics is composed of gelignite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7). Glass-ceramics produced at optimal heat treatment temperature are excellent in term of the physical and chemical properties and leaching characteristics, indicating attractive potential as substitute of nature materials.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣微晶玻璃的晶化行为

将垃圾焚烧飞灰与适量废玻璃粉混合后用电弧炉熔融处理,产生的水冷熔渣进一步粉碎、压型并在750～1 050℃间热处理制取微晶玻璃,运用同步热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等测试设备对微晶玻璃的晶化行为及性能进行分析测试.研究表明:微晶玻璃主晶相为硅灰石CaSiO3和少量透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6,其衍射峰随处理温度升高呈增加趋势,850℃热处理时所得微晶玻璃具有较佳的微观结构和物理、机械及化学性能,其密度为2.62 g/cm3、抗弯强度达90.44 MPa,耐酸碱性分别为2.7％、0.9％,重金属浸出浓度非常低.     

BaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的研究

以MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统为基础玻璃组成,TiO2为晶核剂,用少量的BaO取代MgO,制备出顽辉石/堇青石基微晶玻璃.采用差热分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等测试手段研究了BaO对玻璃析晶性能和显微结构等性能的影响,并探讨了不同量的BaO取代MgO对其电导率的影响.结果表明,在1 480℃通过熔融法制备玻璃试样...     

Preparation and optical properties of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>: Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> transparent glass-ceramics

Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass-ceramics doped with Er³⁺ ions were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique at a low melting temperature. The samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis-NIR scanning spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that the main crystalline phase of glass-ceramics is nepheline.The best heat-treatment process is at 520 °C for 2 h. Because the up-conversion luminescence and near infrared luminescence properties of glass doped with Eu³⁺ are studied in detail.     

Effects of heat treatment temperature on crystallization and thermal expansion coefficient of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2

The basic glass of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system using P₂O₅ as nucleator was prepared by means of conventional melt quenching technology, and the heat-treatment process was determined by using differential thermal analysis. The crystalline phases and the microstructure of the glass-ceramics were investigated by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the glass based on Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ oxides using P₂O₅ as nucleator can be prepared at lower melt temperature of 1450°C and the glass-ceramics with lower thermal expansion coefficient of 21.6 × 10⁻⁷°C⁻¹ can also be obtained at 750°C. The glass-ceramics contain a few crystal phases in which the main crystal phase is β-quartz solid solution and the second crystal phase is β-spodumene solid solution. When the heat treatment temperature is not higher than 650°C, the transparent glass-ceramics containing β-quartz solid solution can be prepared. β-quartz solid solution changes into β-spodumene solid solution at about 750°C. And the appearance of the glass-ceramics changes from translucent, part opaque to complete opaque with increasing temperature.     

Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Aluminosilicate Transparent Glass-Ceramics

Zinc aluminosilicate glasses containing Li2 O, ZnO , Al2O3 and SiO2 were prepared by conventional melting and quenching technique, and subsequently converted to transparent glass-ceramics by controlled nucleation and crystallization. The glass was melted in a platinum crucible at 1 600 ℃ for 2 h and then two-step heat treated for the nucleation and the crystal growth. The nucleation and crystallization temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis. Specimens heat-treated on different schedules were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction to determine crystalline phases. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the glass-ceramics morphology, the grain size and distribution in the residual glass matrix. The reorganization of the amorphous solid was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The transmittance was measured by a UV-Vis-NIR scanning spectrophotometer .     

Effect of Mg/Al ratios on hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al<Subscript>4</Subscript>C<Subscript>3</Subscript> in situ reaction

Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al₄C₃ in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 °C to 85 °C. It is shown that hydration mechanism of the composites is chemical reaction control at 44.3 °C-84 °C in H₂O(g). The hydration was controlled by diffusion from 24.7 °C to 33 °C. The ratio of added Mg/Al influences the HMOR of the composites.The mechanism of HMOR of the composites with different ratios of Mg/Al can be discovered by means of SEM analysis. The active Mg/Al powder and flake graphite inside give the composites outstanding hot strength resulting from the interlocking structure of Al₄C₃ crystals at high temperature. Besides, the matrix changes into the Al₄C₃ with high refractoriness. The method of preventing the hydration of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al₄C₃ in situ reaction was immersed in the wax at suitable temperature or storing them below 33 °C in a dry place or storing them with paraffin-coating.     

Preparation of Sialon powder from coal gasification slag

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),X-ray powder diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to characterize the chemical composition,phase constituent and microstructure of the coal gasification slag.Sialon powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction and nitridation using the coal gasification slag as raw materials.The experimental results showed that glass and amorphous carbon were the main phases,quartz and calcite as minor crystalline phases were also presented in porous coal gasification slag.Main constituents of coal gasification slag were SiO2,Al2O3,CaO and residual carbon.Sialon powder with Ca-α-Sialon as main crystalline phase can be synthesized when coal gasification slag powders were reduced and nitrided at 1500 ℃ for 9 h using nitrogen flow of 500 ml/min.The coal gasification slag is a valuable and economic starting material for preparing Sialon powders.     

Preparation and microstructure of glass-ceramics and ceramic composite materials

The technology and microstructure of glass-ceramics and ceramic composite materials were studied. A suitable ceramic body was chosen on the basis of the sintering temperature of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramics. According to the expansion coefficient of the ceramic body, that of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramics was adjusted, fl-wollastonite was found present as the major crystalline phase in glass- ceramic. The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramic layer and ceramic body could be sintered together by adjusting the sintering period. The compositions of glass-ceramic layer and ceramic body diffuse mutually at 1 100 ℃, resulting in an interface between them. To achieve good sintered properties of glass-ceramics and the chosen ceramic body, at least a four-hour sintering time is used.     

尾矿和Na_2O对包钢稀选尾矿微晶玻璃的影响

利用熔融浇注法对包钢稀选尾矿微晶玻璃在生产过程中的流动性进行了研究,利用DSC,XRD,SEM等手段研究了尾矿和Na2O含量对微晶玻璃的析晶特性及其他物理性能的影响.结果表明,当其它成分不变时,随着尾矿含量的增加,流动性增强;当其它成分不变时,随着Na2O含量的增加,流动性增强;在本实验条件下,尾矿加入量较佳范围为40%~50%;Na2O较佳范围为3%~6%.     

Influence of potential on structure and properties of microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy

In order to obtain optimizing microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy from a friendly-enviormental electrolyte free of Cr⁶⁺ and PO ₄ ³⁻ , constant potential regime was applied to produce it. The influence of potential on the morphology, composition, structure and other properties, such as microhardness and corrosion resistance were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness tester and electrochemical method. The results clearly show that oxidation potential plays an important role in the formation of coating’s structure and properties. The microarc oxidation coating is smooth and white, which consists of two layers. The external layer is loose and porous and enriched in Al and Si. Moreover, its content of Al and Si increases with the increasing operated potential. While the inner layer is compact and the content of Al and Si are lower than that of the external layer. The coating is composed of several phases and the major phases are MgAl₂O₄ and MgO, and the minor phases are Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ when the potential is higher. The microhardness of coating is obtained the maximum at the potential of 45 V, so does the corrosion resistance.     

The effect of Bi2O3 on the structure and properties of float glass

CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system float glasses were melted at an elevated temperature, and about 60% of the total energy was occupied by melting and clarification stage. In order to reduce the melting temperature of the float glasses, Bi₂O₃ was added as fluxing agent. The structure and some melting properties such as the influence of the addition of the oxidation bismuth on the properties of float glass melt, melting temperature, and the structure of glass were studied. The results showed that the basic structure was not changed with the addition of Bi₂O₃ from 0.5% to 2%. The viscosity of the glass melt decreased with the addition of Bi₂O₃ obviously, as the viscosity of the glass melt was 1.35 Pa·s, the temperature was reduced by about 30 °C from sample A₁ to sample A₅. With the increasing of Bi₂O₃, the bending strength of glass was reduced and the transmisivity of glass samples had no change in visible light range, and the transmissivity of the glass samples was more than 88%. The ultraviolet cut-off length showed red shift with the addition of Bi₂O₃. With the increasing of Bi₂O₃, the water resistance of the glass samples was improved.     

Preparation of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al2O3-SiO2- TiO2-ZrO2 supported membranes were prepared by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al2O3, TiO2 ( anatase ), Al2 SiO5 , and ZrO2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al:Si: Ti : Zr ,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lend to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the surface nanoscale topography and microstracture of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.     

粉煤灰-矿渣基地聚物混凝土力学性能与微观结构

为考察不同配合比对地聚物混凝土性能的影响,开展了粉煤灰与矿渣比例、水玻璃模数以及水玻璃掺量(质量分数)对其宏观力学性能影响的实验研究,并从微观层次扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量弥散X射线分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及压汞实验(MIP)对微观结构进行研究.结果表明:养护龄期的增加,...     

Crystallization and luminescence properties of Sm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped SrO-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> glass-ceramics

The Sm³⁺-doped SrO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (SAS) glass-ceramics with excellent luminescence properties were prepared by batch melting and heat treatment. The crystallization behavior and luminescent properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated by DTA, XRD, SEM and luminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the crystal phase precipitated in this system is monocelsian (SrAl₂Si₂O₈) and with the increase of nucleation/crystallization temperature, the crystallite increases from 66 % to 79 %. The Sm³⁺-doped SAS glass-ceramics emit green, orange and red lights centered at 565, 605, 650 and 715 nm under the excitation of 475 nm blue light which can be assigned to the ⁴G_5/2→⁶ H _j/2 (j=5, 7, 9, 11) transitions of Sm³⁺, respectively. Besides, by increasing the crystallization temperature or the concentration of Sm³⁺, the emission lights of the samples located at 565, 605 and 650 nm are intensified significantly. The present results demonstrate that the Sm³⁺-doped SAS glass-ceramics are promising luminescence materials for white LED devices by fine controlling and combining of these three green, orange and red lights in appropriate proportion.     

Effect of nucleating agents and heat treatments on the crystallization of magnesium aluminosilicate transparent glass-ceramics

The crystallization behavior and transparent property of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (MAS) glasses with TiO2 and TiO2+ZrO2 as nucleating agents were discussed by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission-environment scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum and UV-VIS-NIR scanning spectrophotometer. It was found that the glass crystallized at 950 ℃ with ZrO2 less than 3% could obtain transparent glass ceramic, which presented purple to colorless. With the nucleating agent additives (5% TiO2+3% ZrO2), the colorless transparent glass-ceramics with spinel as the main crystal phase could be prepared, and the transmittance reached about 80% . As the crystallized temperature increase to 1 000 ℃, besides spinel(MgAl2O4), sapphirine (Mg3.5Al9Si1.5O20) and ZrTiO4 precipitated from matrix glass, and the transmitance of glass-ceramic decreased.     

Effect of magnesium on the C-S-H nanostructure evolution and aluminate phases transition in cement-slag blend

The microstructural study was conducted on cement and cement-slag pastes immersed in different concentrations of Mg(NO_3)_2 solutions utilizing ~(29)Si, ~(27)Al NMR spectroscopy and XRD techniques. The results show that the hydration of both the cement and cement-slag pastes is delayed when the pastes are cured in Mg(NO_3)_2 solutions as compared to the pastes cured in water. Moreover, Mg~(2+) ions also exhibit an decalcifying and dealuminizing effect on the C-A-S-H in cement and cement-slag pastes, and thereby decrease Ca/Si and Al[4]/Si ratios of the C-A-S-H. The dealuminization of C-A-S-H is mitigated for cement-slag paste as compared to pure cement paste. The depolymerized calcium and aluminum ions from C-A-S-H gel mainly enter the pore solution to maintain the pH value and form Al~[6] in TAH, respectively. On the other hand, Mg~(2+) ions exert an impact on the intra-transition between Al~[6] species, from AFm and hydrogarnet to hydrotalcite-like phase. NO_3~-ions are interstratified in the layered Mg-Al structure and formed nitrated hydrotalcite-like phase(Mg_(1-x)Al_x(OH)_2(NO_3)_x·nH_2O). Results from both ~(27)Al NMR and XRD data show that ettringite seems not to react with Mg~(2+) ions.     

Crystallization kinetics of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate glass by DSC technique

The crystallization kinetics of Li2O-Al2O3-GeO2-P2O5 (LAGP) glass fabricated via the conventional melt-quenching method was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal condition at different heating rates. The activation energy of glass transition Eg is 634.4 kJ/mol, indicating that LAGP glass is easy to crystallize at an elevated temperature. The activation energy of crystallization Ec and Avrami index n obtained from Matusita’s model are 442.01 kJ/mol and 1.7, respectively. The value of n reveals that bulk crystallization predominates slightly over surface crystallization during crystallization process. LAGP glass-ceramics after different heat treatments have the same crystalline phases determined as major phase LiGe2(PO4)3, with AlPO4 and GeO2 as their impurity phases.     

Optimization of material structure of ploy-Si thin film based on Al induced crystallization

Based on Al induced crystallization (AIC) method, influences of different material structures on formation and characteristics of ploy-silicon thin films were studied and optimized. Al-Si films on glass with different structures (Si/Al/Glass, Al/Si/Glass, Si/Al/…/Si/Al/Glass) were deposited on glass substrates by sputtering method. All samples were annealed for MIC with varied time processes under 500℃ N2 environment. X-ray diffraction test and scanning electron microscope were adopted to characterize cryst...