Operation of a blast furnace equipped with a bzu-model “hopper-slide”

Krivorozhstal' Combine. Translated from Metallurg, No. 1, pp. 24–25, January, 1989.     

Optimized AOD gas administration—a lean process for a green world

The AOD is by its very nature and purpose a large generator of CO₂.The total CO₂ emission from the process can be divided into two parts-the direct part which is proportional to the carbon removal from the metal and the indirect part which is related to the consumption of additives such as reduction agents,slag formers and alloys. The production of the additives typically required for a heat causes large emissions of CO₂,in fact,often larger than what is generated from the direct part.By applying a real-time adaptive optimization of the oxygen to inert gas ratio over small time increments,the overall carbon removal efficiency is increased while the consumption of reduction agents and slag formers are decreased.This removes unnecessary production costs and minimizes the total emission of CO₂. In this paper a process concept with optimized gas administration over a large number of time increments is compared with a more traditional process practice.The work is based on industrially proven process models integrated in the UTCAS software package for converter management and control.Finally,this paper concludes on how the suggested process can be applied in actual plant operation.     

40a槽钢孔型设计

介绍了河钢唐钢型钢厂为满足市场需求,在经典孔型理论的基础上,辅以有限元模拟工具,开发大规格槽钢孔型系统的过程。该系统在大型钢生产线应用后,实现了400 mm高大规格40a槽钢的稳定批量生产。其成品孔、控制孔及切分孔孔型设计方法及侧壁斜度的选择,为高度300 mm以上大规格槽钢孔型设计提供了参考。     

What's in a Name?

The necessity of cross-validating the results of an item analysis has been cogently and humorously demonstrated by Cureton (Educ. psychol. Measmt., 1950, 10, 94-96; see record 1951-00682-001). By using more predictor items than subjects and by computing his validity coefficient on the original group, Cureton obtained a validity coefficient of .82. The writer undertook an experiment which was designed to be equally illustrative of the importance of cross-validation, but which used a somewhat different design. The "test" in this case consisted of a checklist of 81 adjectives describing personality and 22 items relating to personal characteristics, habits, and preferences. The subjects were 59 students in an introductory psychology course at Cornell University. Twenty-nine subjects' tests were chosen at random from this group for preliminary analysis, and the remaining 30 were put aside as the cross-validation group. The answers to the group of 22 items were examined to find an item which split the group of 29 nearly in half. The "number of letters in last name" was chosen as the criterion solely on this basis, leaving a total of 102 predictor items. The criterion was dichotomized between six or less, and seven or more letters. Tetrachoric correlations were computed between each item and the criterion for the group of 29. Discriminant weights were arbitrarily assigned to each item that correlated .36 or better with the criterion. Using this scoring key, 27 out of 29 correct "predictions" were made as to the number of letters in each subject's last name. The over-all tetrachoric correlation was .97, although the split-half reliability coefficient was only .67. Those subjects with long (seven or more letters) last names tended to be less: charming, impatient, stimulating, gay, happy-go-lucky, and impulsive than those with short (six or fewer letters) last names. The subjects with long last names also tended to be more: cautious, persistent, forgiving, quiet, kind, persuasive, talented, direct, humane, conservative, precise, and God-fearing. The results suggested that if the procedure were reversed, and the criterion were used as a predictor, it might have great promise as a quick, economical, and unfakeable personality test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Should a psychotherapist be compelled to release an adolescent’s treatment records to a parent in a contested custody case?

The issue of whether to release a minor’s treatment records to a parent presents a complex ethical dilemma for clinicians. This is made more complex when the child is an adolescent and when the parents are involved in a custody dispute. The author presents a case summary followed by a review of the literature. A section on court rulings in similar cases is included. In general, courts have ruled in favor of maintaining the privilege for mature minors involved in custody proceedings. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations pertaining to minors whose parents may not be acting in their best interests are also reviewed. Procedural recommendations by several experts in the field are offered that may serve to establish the child’s rights to privacy at the outset of treatment and thus avert ethical conflicts. The author concludes with the case outcome and an advisory for the clinician. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Sensitivity to Axial Alignment of a Flow Driven by a Travelling Magnetic Field

The present study,both experimentally and by numerical simulation,concerns the sensitivity of a flow that is driven by a travelling magnetic field(TMF)with respect to a stepwise applied mismatch between the axes of the TMF and of the cylindrical liquid metal column.The TMF is generated by six equidistantly arranged cylindrical coils powered with an AC current having a phase shift of 60℃between them.Because the flow induced by a TMF is basically of a toms type,vertical velocity components are representative for the motion in the meridional plane.Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry(UDV)was applied to acquire the velocity component along the beam axis in the centre of the liquid metal column and at various azimuthal positions for a fixed radial coordinate.The measurements are compared to the flow data gained by large eddy simulations.Computations were based on the usual approximations to simplify the magnetohydrodynamic equations,which are low frequency and low induction,and on an analytical expression for the Lorentz force considering the shift between the fluid volume and the field.The results show that even a small shift between the axes may result in a distinct three-dimensional constituent of the flow structure which changes completely the usually assumed axisymmetric toms-type flow.     

Shandong Aluminum Suffers a Profit Loss

Shandong Aluminum Co.,Ltd.recentlyannounced a lower net profit for 2002.Last year,the company made a net profit of US＄1.4527 million,down 9.11 percent from 2001.The company produced 849,600 tons of aluminaand 56,400 tons of electrolytic aluminum in     

Is Clinical Psychology a Science?

Comments on an article by Carton Berenda titled Is Clinical Psychology a Science? (see record 1959-03759-001). Few people would contest the thesis proposed by Berenda; clinical psychology is indeed a science. But perhaps the question concerns the maturity of science, rather than the matter of whether an empirical discipline qualifies for a franchise in the domain of "Science." By maturity in science, I mean logical rigor in the expression of laws and theories--a matter of stringent but elegant quantifications, if you will. In this context, most of psychology and practically all of clinical psychology is a child. Failure to keep maturity distinctions in mind has led to some rather unsupportable analogies between psychology and physics. In the writer's opinion, it could only be unfortunate if we were to attempt to establish the kinship of our science to physics on the grounds proposed by Berenda: that, since science has given up the ontological quest, all science is permitted artistic license. One senses that the weakness of Berenda's analogy between physics and psychology lies in the fact that hardly anywhere in psychology do we find it possible to apply those principles by which reflective physicists have resolved what appear to be the logical difficulties of entertaining alternative theories. In answer to Berenda, then, the writer would propose that, until there is more logical order in our theories, more mathematical models, it may be that we are premature in trumpeting our emancipation from the ontological search. True, we are not looking for the real, but we are seeking representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parametric Instability of a Liquid Metal Sessile Drop Under a High Frequency Amplitude-Modulate Magnetic Field

The parametric instability behavior of a liquid mercury sessile drop under high frequency Amplitude-Modulate Magnetic Field(AMMF),i.e.a high frequency magnetic field(carder wave)modulated by a low frequency sine wave(modulate wave),is investigated experimentally.The free surface contour of the mercury drop is observed by a CCD camera while varying the frequency and amplitude of the high frequency AMMF.At a given frequency and amplitude,the edge deformations with an azimuthal wave numbers(modes n=3,4,5,6)were excited.     

Access to health information and support: a public highway or a private road?

Information and communication technologies may help reduce health disparities through their potential for promoting health, preventing disease, and supporting clinical care for all. Unfortunately, those who have preventable health problems and lack health insurance coverage are the least likely to have access to such technologies. Barriers to access include cost, geographic location, illiteracy, disability, and factors related to the capacity of people to use these technologies appropriately and effectively. A goal of universal access to health information and support is proposed to augment existing initiatives to improve the health of individuals and the public. Both public- and private-sector stakeholders, particularly government agencies and private corporations, will need to collaboratively reduce the gap between the health information "haves" and "have-nots." This will include supporting health information technology access in homes and public places, developing applications for the growing diversity of users, funding research on access-related issues, ensuring the quality of health information and support, enhancing literacy in health and technology, training health information intermediaries, and integrating the concept of universal access to health information and support into health planning processes.     

Hardfacing of a Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel Component Using a Nickel-Base Alloy

A dashpot piston made of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel is hardfaced with NiCr-B alloy by the Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) process. During initial trials, a large number of cracks were observed in the hardface deposit when hardfacing was carried out directly on the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel substrate using a preheat temperature of 723 K. Both the deposit and the martensitic structure formed in the heat affected zone of the substrate during deposition are hard and hence were unable to absorb the thermal stresses generated, leading to cracking. Subsequently, hardfacing trials carried out with an intermediate layer of 2 mm thick Inconel-625 alloy, were successful and deposits were crack-free. Use of a relatively soft Inconel-625 between the hardface deposit and the substrate reduced martensite formation in the substrate, and thus the cracking susceptibility of the deposit.     

Is clinical psychology a science?

"Science is a matter of degree of systematic logical organization of phenomena; clinical psychology is a science to a degree that will rise in proportion to such systematization," but its development depends upon creative thinking and a vital matrix of pervasive, sympathetic, and qualitative experiences. A "science of personal human behavior seems more feasible in the domain of deviant (neurotic, psychic) behavior than in mentally healthy behavior. One may predict and logically systematize compulsive (neurotic) behavior, whereas the mentally healthy man is more spontaneous, free, and creative in his personal behavior—hence, in detail, less predictable or logically organizable. A science of clinical psychology seems more realizable (as to detailed prediction) than a science of general healthy personalityp" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Discovery of a human hand?

We report on an unusual bone finding in the northeast of Germany. The "human hand of a child" was identified as the left foot of a baboon.     

An Experimental Study of a Bubble-Driven Liquid Metal Flow Under the Influence of a Rotating Magnetic Field

In this study we investigate the flow structure in a liquid metal cylinder while a bubble-driven flow is superposed with a rotating magnetic field(RMF).Argon gas is injected through a nozzle into a column of the eutectic alloy GalnSn.Without electromagnetic stirring the bubble plume in the centre region of the cylindrical vessel produces a recirculation with high velocities near the free surface while the fluid velocities in the bottom region remain rather low.The measurements revealed the potential of the RMF to control both the amplitude of the meridional flow and the bubble distribution and to provide an effective mixing in the whole fluid volume.Various periodic flow patterns were observed in a certain parameter range with respect to variations of the magnetic field strength and the gas flow rate.     

Does a helping hand mean a heavy heart? Helping behavior and well-being among spouse caregivers.

Being a caregiver for an ill or disabled loved one is widely recognized as a threat to the caregiver’s quality of life. Nonetheless, research indicates that helping behavior, broadly construed, promotes well-being. Could helping behavior in a caregiving context promote well-being as well? In the present study, we used ecological momentary assessment to measure active helping behavior and both positive and negative affect in 73 spouse caregivers. Results indicate that when controlling for care recipient illness status and functional impairment and caregiver “on call” caregiving time, active helping predicted greater caregiver positive affect—especially for individuals who perceived themselves as interdependent with their spouse. In addition, although both helping and on-call time predicted greater negative affect for caregivers who perceived low interdependence, helping was unrelated to negative affect among caregivers perceiving high interdependence. Helping valued loved ones may promote caregivers’ well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)