Fire Safety Measures in Historic Buildings for University Use

The paper summarises the results of an investigation intended to develop guidelines for implementing fire safety measures in historic buildings converted to university use, and which can be utilised in making design decisions and assessing project feasibility. In particular, the paper focuses on the relationships between a building's historical type, the applicable regulatory and performance requirements, and the design solutions that can be adopted in a given situation. The examples of such solutions provided in the paper, which regard functional requirements as well as those for fire safety, accessibility and utilities systems, are drawn from an analysis of recent case studies of historic building conversion to university use, evaluating the design approaches which were adopted and possible alternatives. In addition, the paper presents a series of parametric appraisals of the typical costs incurred in construction and utilities installation, together with a discussion of the development and application of a risk analysis method which can be used to evaluate the overall performance of specific design solutions or construction situations.     

Fire Risk Index for Historic Buildings

Fire protection engineers and preservation architects have long recognized the difficulty in applying building and fire codes to historic buildings. Small, older buildings of significant historic value need an efficient approach to performance-based evaluation. One technique that has gained acceptance is fire risk indexing. The Historic Fire Risk Index described in this paper uses a linear additive model of multiple attribute evaluation to produce a measure of relative fire risk. Weights are established to indicate the importance or significance of fire risk parameters. Then, for each specific historic structure, parameter grades, i.e., the amount or degree that a parameter is present, are determined from information collected in a detailed site survey. Fire risk is evaluated by the scalar product of the parameter weights and grades, producing a single numerical value representing the level of fire safety provided in the building. This is a more rational and more transparent method than the risk indexing systems currently published in model codes and standards.     

历史保护性建筑的安全监测实践

历史保护性建筑由于其宝贵的历史文化价值，越来越受到人们的重视，人们也更加关注这些建筑的安全状况。结构监测技术在监测和维护结构安全方面可以起到重要作用，文章通过在保护性建筑上安装监测系统对其安全状况进行长时间的监测，以确保这些建筑安全。     

Fire Safety Code for Historic Structures

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) periodically updates each fire safety code and standard that it develops. Acknowledging the need for a document to prescribe fire safety for historic buildings, a complete and thorough rewrite of NFPA 914 was undertaken. The former recommended practice has now been issued as the Code for Fire Protection in Historic Structures. The 2001 edition identifies a process for analyzing fire safety needs in historic buildings, outlines generic approaches to dealing with specific provisions of other codes that may endanger historic integrity, and includes a performance-based approach to fire safety in historic buildings. This paper describes the background, revision process, and current proposed content NFPA 914.     

浅析影响高层建筑的消防安全因素

本文针对现代高层建筑的实际问题,结合消防工作者的经验,简单介绍了高层建筑火灾的特点,简要分析了影响高层建筑的消防安全因素,提出了解决消防安全问题的相关对策。     

高层住宅建筑消防安全探析

随着高层住宅火灾事故的频发,高层住宅的消防安全问题日渐受到社会各界的关注。本文通过分析当前高层住宅在消防安全方面存在的各种问题,对如何加强高层住宅的消防安全建设提出了相关建议。     

古建筑消防安全特性及防火对策研析

古建筑多为木质结构,并且年代久远,极易发生火灾,存在着特别重大的消防安全隐患。本文从古建筑的消防安全特性出发,探讨了如何运用现代的消防手段,并提出了新形势下古建筑防火对策和措施。     

古建筑消防安全特性及防火对策研析

古建筑多为木质结构,并且年代久远,极易发生火灾,存在着特别重大的消防安全隐患。本文从古建筑的消防安全特性出发,探讨了如何运用现代的消防手段,并提出了新形势下古建筑防火对策和措施。     

古建筑消防安全对策

本文对古建筑的火灾危险性进行了分析,并从火灾预防、探测报警和消防灭火这3个方面阐述了古建筑的消防安全对策。     

建筑防火的性能设计方法

了解建筑防火性能设计的概念和发展过程,熟悉防火性能设计的内容,讨论实施性能设计方法的问题。     

社区建筑消防安全浅谈

社区建筑多数集大型综合商业体、高贸街区、大型高度居住社区等为一体,人员密集,可燃物校多。然而,社区防火安全能力相对不足,安全隐患不容乐观。笔者结合十余年的消防工作实践,现就社区安全消防管理难题、问题解决对策进行了初步探讨。     

建筑防火的性能设计方法

了解建筑防火性能设计的概念和发展过程,熟悉防火性能设计的内容,讨论实施性能设计方法的问题.     

社区建筑消防安全浅谈

社区建筑多数集大型综合商业体、高贸街区、大型高度居住社区等为一体,人员密集,可燃物校多。然而,社区防火安全能力相对不足,安全隐患不容乐观。笔者结合十余年的消防工作实践,现就社区安全消防管理难题、问题解决对策进行了初步探讨。     

优秀历史建筑安全评估方法探究

优秀历史建筑是既有建筑中一类特殊的建筑,蕴涵了丰富的历史文化内涵,如何客观地对其安全性能进行评估是一个重要课题。引入目标使用期的概念,充分考虑非结构构件等因素,采用模糊数学的方法对优秀历史建筑的安全性能进行评估是一次研究探索。结合兰心大楼工程实例,具体阐述了采用模糊数学分析的优秀历史建筑的安全评估方法。     

Fire Safety Performance of Japanese Traditional Wood/Soil Walls and Implications for the Restoration of Historic Buildings in Urban Districts

Grass-root research activities to clarify fire safety performance of Japanese traditional wooden construction are introduced. The activities aim to resolve conflict between the restoration of historic buildings and the reduction of risk and hazard of urban fires. Among various activities, scope and results of fire resistance tests on traditional soil wall assemblies supported by timber frame are reported in detail. The test results indicate an encouraging prospect for the rational fire safety assessment of historic buildings and further development of fire-safe traditional constructions for the restoration of historic buildings and historic urban districts.     

公共建筑安全防火设计思考

在各式各样的火灾当中,建筑火灾特别是公共建筑发生的火灾造成的损失是最大的,对人类造成的伤害也是最为严重的。     

浅析展览中心类建筑的消防安全

大型展览中心类建筑的防火问题是当前建筑防火设计的难点之一,无现成的规范可依据。以调查研究为基础,分析此类建筑的特点和火灾危险性,给出此类建筑消防安全的一些思考。     

大型公共建筑的防火性能化安全设计

针对大型公共建筑的具体特点,结合国内外研究成果和工程实践经验,分析了大型公共建筑防火性能化安全设计的主要步骤和方法。