3,6-二(吡啶-2-基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪的合成及应用

以2-氰基吡啶和水合肼为原料,经过Pinner反应和氧化反应合成得到3,6-二(吡啶-2-基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(化合物1),收率为88.6%。对影响产物收率的因素进行了考察,确定了第二步氧化反应的反应温度为0℃,反应时间1.0h。化合物1分别与6,7-二溴-1,4-二氢-1,4-环氧萘(化合物4a)和6,7-二甲氧基-1,4-二氢-1,4-环氧萘(化合物4b)反应得到5,6-二溴异苯并呋喃(化合物5a)和5,6-二甲氧基异苯并呋喃(化合物5b)的收率分别为51.3%和48.5%。化合物1和化合物5a以及化合物5b的结构均采用~1H-NMR和ESI-MS进行了表征。     

3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪及其含能盐的合成与性能

以3,6-双(3,5-二甲基吡唑基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BDT)为原料,通过肼基取代反应得到了3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪(DHT)。优化了3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪的合成条件,得到纯度为98.5%的DHT,收率为92%(文献收率77%)。为了改善DHT的应用性能,合成了3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪的硝酸盐(DHTN)和高氯酸盐(DHTP),并测试了其部分性能。改进了DHTN的合成工艺和合成过程的安全性,收率为91%。结果表明,DHTN的密度为1.708g/cm3,放热分解峰温为104.5℃,爆速为8 541.3m/s,H50为38cm,摩擦感度为4%;DHTP的密度为1.765g/cm3,放热分解峰温为197.4℃,爆速为8 882m/s,H50为8cm,摩擦感度为100%。     

3,6-二氨基-1,2,4,5-四嗪的百克量合成、晶体结构和热行为

以3,6-双(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪为原料,合成了3,6-二氨基-1,2,4,5-四嗪(DATz),产率为98.7%,合成量为500g/批。采用核磁、红外光谱、质谱和元素分析等对产物的结构进行了表征。在N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水的混合溶剂中培养了DATz的单晶,用X-射线单晶衍射仪测定了晶体结构。采用DSC、TG-DTG和固体原位反应池/FT-IR联用等分析方法研究了DATz的热分解行为。结果表明,该晶体为正交晶系,属Cmcm空间群,晶体学参数为:a=0.9431(4)nm,b=0.7850(3)nm,c=0.6267(3)nm,V=0.464(3)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.605g/cm3,μ=0.123mm-1,F(000)=232,R1=0.0407,wR2=0.1278。DATz的放热分解峰温度为342.17℃,热稳定性较好,可能的热分解机理为先发生四嗪环的开环反应,后进行取代基氨基的分解反应。     

不对称1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物的合成和晶体结构研究

以三氨基胍硝酸盐为原料,通过环化、氧化和肼化反应,合成了八个不对称1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物,通过元素分析、1 H NMR、IR、MS对产品进行了结构表征。单晶X-射线衍射研究结果表明,N-环己基-6-(3,5-二甲基-1 H-吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-胺属于单斜晶系,a=1.3661(4)nm,b=0.6997(2)nm,c=1.5853(5)nm;β=113.262(3);V=1.3921(7)nm3。晶体结构显示,该晶体化合物在分子间N-H…N氢键和π…π共轭的作用下稳定。     

3,6-二胍基-1,2,4,5-四嗪二硝基胍盐的合成及性能预估

以水合肼、硝酸胍以及硝基胍为原料,制备了3,6-二胍基-1,2,4,5-四嗪二硝基胍盐并优化了反应条件。用DSC和TG-DTG研究了其热分解行为,运用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**理论水平下预估了其爆轰性能。结果表明,在反应时间为4h,反应温度为50℃的优化合成条件下,目标化合物产率最高为82.2%。该化合物在260℃左右剧烈分解,表明其具有良好的热稳定性。用Born-Haber循环求得该化合物的生成热为294.9kJ/mol。用Monte-Carlo方法预估该化合物的理论密度为1.69g/cm3。用Kamlet-Jacobs公式计算出该化合物的爆速为7.67km/s,爆压为25.04GPa,表明3,6-二胍基-1,2,4,5-四嗪二硝基胍盐具有优越的爆轰性能。     

N,N′-二(间甲氧基苯基)-3,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,2,4,5-四嗪-1,4-二甲酰胺的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

采用双光气法合成间甲氧基苯异氰酸酯。由它与 3 ,6 -二甲基 - 1 ,6 -二氢 - 1 ,2 ,4,5 -四嗪合成的新化合物 N,N′-二 (间甲氧基苯基 ) - 3 ,6 -二甲基 - 1 ,4-二氢 - 1 ,2 ,4,5 -四嗪 - 1 ,4-二甲酰胺对 P3 88和 A- 5 4 9肿瘤细胞生长具有明显抑制作用。同时改进了以间氨基苯酚为原料制备间甲氧基苯胺的工艺。     

四嗪衍生物的合成及其抗癌性能的研究Ⅱ.钯/碳催化氧化合成3,6-二甲基-1,6-二氢-1,2,4,5-四嗪

研究了合成标题化合物时各种因素对产率的影响,发现用三聚乙醛解聚制备的新鲜乙醛为原料,是至关重要的.乙醛与水合肼反应温度为5～10℃,六氢四嗪氧化脱氢时间72h,并以3%Pd/C取代PtO2作催化剂,产率40%.     

6-[2-（1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基）肼基]-1,3,5-三嗪类化合物的合成和抗肿瘤活性研究

以3,6-二（3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基）-1,2,4,5-四嗪为原料,与水合肼反应,得到3-取代-6-肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪,进一步与三聚氯氰和胺反应,得到6-[2-（1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基）肼基]-1,3,5-三嗪类化合物,通过元素分析、1HNMR、IR和MS对这些化合物进行了表征;并进一步将此类化合物进行体外人绒毛膜癌细胞株Bewo、子宫内膜癌细胞株Ishikawa、人肺癌细胞株A549、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、人白血病细胞株HL-60的测试,以顺铂为对照,发现此类化合物具有一定的体外抗肿瘤活性,值得进一步研究.     

农药四螨嗪合成新工艺的研究

从邻氯苯甲醛出发，经缩合、氯代、环合、氯化四步制得农药杀虫剂3，6—双(2—氯苯基)—1，2，4，5—四嗪。并用正交设计法对氯代过程进行优化，得出最佳工艺为：双(2—氯苯亚甲基)肼和冰醋酸投料比为10g：35m1，温度20℃，搅拌时产率最高，为84．5％，全程收率为59.3％，而现有生产工艺邻氯苯甲酰氯法的总收率为13．2％。     

A near planar disilver complex of 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine

The ligand 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine forms a 2:2 complex with silver(I) rather than the expected [4×4] grid; each of the two silver centres is in a near square-planar coordination environment.     

3,6-二苯甲酰苊的合成与表征

为制备新型精细化工和功能高分子中间体,研究了在高活性Lewis酸无水AlCl3催化下,苊与苯甲酰氯的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应,GC/MS分析发现生成了3,6-二苯甲酰苊;用GC法考察了各种反应条件对3,6-二苯甲酰苊收率的影响,结果表明,在以1 mmol苊为基准,苯甲酰氯8mmol,AlCl38 mmol,溶剂为CCl4(15 mL),反应温度45℃,反应时间10 h的条件下,3,6-二苯甲酰苊的收率可达到84.2%,选择性达89.9%。通过萃取、重结晶等方法得到3,6-二苯甲酰苊的纯品。通过FT IR、GC/MS和1H NMR等分析测试手段鉴定了其结构。     

Pericyclic Domino reactions with 3,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: A convenient entry into azo cage compounds

3,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ( 1 ) characterized by a highly reactive, electron deficient diazdiene system reacted with several cyclic and acyclic bis-dienophiles to yield the cage compounds 11 , 19a, b , 31a, b and 41 in a pericyclic homo-domino reaction in good yields. The first step of the domino reactions is an inverse electron demand inter-molecular Diels–Alder addition followed by elimination of nitrogen to give 4,5-dihydropyridazines which then undergo a terminal ring closure to yield the cage compounds. The solvent employed and the reaction temperature is of crucial importance. Whereas in nitromethane and at elevated temperatures the main products are the cage compounds, at lower temperature and in dichloromethane as solvent the initially formed 4,5-dihydropyridazines are frequently converted to 1,4-dihydropyridazines by a 1,3-H-shift. Treatment of the tetrazine 1 with cyclooctatriene 23 did not lead to a cage compound in any case; instead via valence tautomeric species octa-1,3,5,7-tetraene 23a and bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene 23b the twofold pyridazine-substituted butadienes 24 and 26 together with the tricyclic cyclobuta[f]phthalazine 25 were formed.     

Study on the Azido‐Tetrazolo Tautomerizations of 3,6‐Bis(azido)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine

The azido‐tetrazolo tautomerizations of 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DIAT) in different solvents were investigated with HPLC and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. 6‐Amino‐tetrazolo[1,5‐b]‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (ATTZ) was irreversibly formed as the final product by azido‐cyclization following N₂ elimination from one of the azido substituents at room temperature in DMSO. The structure of ATTZ was characterized by X‐ray crystallography; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mass spectrometry, as well as IR and ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The crystal density was found to be 1.272 g cm⁻³. DSC result suggested that ATTZ with the melting point of 84 °C strongly decomposes with explosion at 198 °C, which can be regarded as a primary explosive.     

Synthesis of high metal‐complexation linear elastomers containing sym‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine rings

We report the synthesis of polyurethane‐urea elastomers containing 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine covalently reacted within the main chains of the polymers. Our study investigates the synthesis of 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DAT), the polymerization reaction conditions for reacting DAT into the backbone of segmented polyurethane elastomers, and the metal‐complexation capabilities of tetrazine‐containing elastomers with cobalt (II) chloride. Tetrazines are highly colored and electro‐active heterocyclic moieties, which have a very high electron affinity which make them reducible at high to very high potentials. Upon complexation with metals, we observed a strong color shift of the polymers from deep red to blue indicating the binding efficacy for the polymers. We quantified the metal‐complexation capability of the tetrazine elastomers and determined a molar ratio of approximately two metal atoms per tetrazine allowing us to provide a plausible complexation mechanism for the active polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

3,6-二氨水杨酸的合成研究

标题化合物是一种重要的医药中间体,也是合成高效、低毒除草剂麦草畏的关键中间体.以廉价易得的2,5-二氯硝基苯为初始原料,经过水合肼还原、重氮化反应合成2,5-二氯苯酚,再在高温高压下进行羧基化反应合成标题化合物.通过单因素实验,研究了以上反应的关键影响因素,得到了适宜的合成条件,标题化合物的收率65.8％(以2,5-二氯硝基苯计),纯度99.24％,满足应用要求.该合成方法简单经济,产物纯度高、易于分离,收率较高.产物和中间体经过红外光谱和核磁共振波谱分析,表明其特征与标准物一致.     

四嗪类高氮含能化合物的合成与表征

以硝酸胍、水合肼、乙酰丙酮为起始原料制得3,6-对(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BT);以BT为前躯体,经亲核取代得到几种1,2,4,5-四嗪类高氮含能化合物,包括3-肼基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(HDM PT)、3-叠氮基-6-(3,5-二甲基吡唑)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(IADM PT)、3,6-二肼基-1,2,4,5-四嗪(DHT)、3,6-二叠氮基-1,2,4,5-四嗪(D IAT)、3,6-二胍基-1,2,4,5-四嗪(DGTZ)。采用红外、质谱、核磁等分析手段对其进行了表征。     

3,6-Bis(2-arylethenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine – Synthese,Flüssigkristallinität und Photochemie

3,6-Bis(2-arylethenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazines - Synthesis, LC Properties and Photochemistry The (E,E)-3,6-Bis(2-arylethenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazines 8 were prepared in a synthetic sequence starting with aromatic aldehydes 1 and cinnamic acids 2 , respectively (Scheme 1). The rod-like conjugated molecules represent calamitic mesogens as well as extended chromophores. Hence, we investigated the formation of liquid crystals, achieved by the introduction of long flexible side chains, and the photochemical behaviour that is characterized by the fragmentation of the central ring (Scheme 3).     

四嗪吡唑类新化合物的合成及其杀螨活性

以氟螨嗪为先导化合物,设计、合成了4个四嗪吡唑类新化合物,通过1~H NMR、元素分析确证了结构。对螨卵的活性测定结果显示,在10 mg/L质量浓度下,新化合物9a、9b对朱砂叶螨螨卵活性分别为86%、83%,远高于对照药剂氟螨嗪。