建筑业供应链管理特点及作用分析

通过阐述建筑施工企业的行业特点，进而介绍了建筑业供应链的概念及结构模型，归纳了建筑业供应链管理的特征，阐明了建筑业实施供应链管理的必要性，以促进建筑业的稳步、健康发展。     

A service-oriented integrated information framework for RFID/WSN-based intelligent construction supply chain management

As buildings are now taller, larger, and more complex, it has become increasingly more difficult to secure stockyards for materials and to resolve the surrounding traffic problems, creating an increased need for Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery. To support JIT delivery, it is necessary to build a framework that can facilitate the collection and share of information on construction components and material flow throughout the whole supply chain process. Many researchers have suggested that radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor network technologies could improve the effectiveness and efficiency of JIT management. In addition, service-oriented architecture (SOA), the services of which enable the interfacing of a heterogeneous system environment of parties involved in the supply chain management process, is suggested in the manufacturing industry as one of the solutions for effective collection and sharing of information in supply chain management. However, the construction industry has limits in applying the framework suggested in the manufacturing industry since the supply chain process in the construction industry is extremely dynamic due to frequent changes in the design and plans of construction projects. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a seamlessly integrated information management framework that can provide logistics information to project stakeholders for their decision making. The pilot test of the framework developed in this research showed that it can improve time efficiency by about 32% compared to the traditional supply chain management. The result of this research is expected to be utilized effectively as a basic framework to manage information in RFID/WSN based construction supply chain management (CSCM) environments.     

The non-adoption of supply chain management

Largely taken for granted within the UK construction sector has been a view that supply chain management theory is robust, relevant and reliable. As such it has formed a substantial aspect of previous and contemporary policy and government funded research. Despite this, the general view of its development and diffusion over the last 15 years within the construction industry has been problematic. Coincidentally, prevailing debates within the supply chain management academic community point to the lack of unified theory, models of diffusion and strong connections to organization theory. Using Straussian grounded theory, iterations between data and organization theory provided a fresh perspective on the development and diffusion of supply chain management in construction. This inductive research provided contextually rich explanations for development and diffusion that explicitly connected with and drew upon robust, relevant and reliable theories of institutions, innovation diffusion, triads, quasifirms and mechanisms of organizational governance. These explanations challenge the simplistic assumption that chains and networks of organizations are holistically managed and controlled by any single organization or institution in the construction industry. The debate therefore shifts away from proselytizing supply chain management towards research that explores the rigour, relevance and reliability of supply chain management assumptions in construction. The gap between industry practice and policy is exposed and the question is posed: to what extent policy and practice do, or should, constitute a recursive relationship.     

工程供应链中物流管理的关键问题与对策研究

工程供应链物流管理对于工程系统绩效具有十分重要的意义。根据工程物流的实际运作情况,构建出工程供应链物流管理的概念模型并对其进行系统分析。在此基础上,提出了工程供应链物流管理的特点及其面临的关键问题;并遵循工程供应链物流管理的协调优化思想给出几点策略建议:构建"集成"、"协调"与"共享"的物流运作原则;统一规划物流运作系统,构建可靠的物流运作网络;与供应商构建战略伙伴关系,整合物流运营商的运输能力;构建施工承包商与物资供应商的信息共享机制等,旨在为提高工程供应链中物流管理的绩效提供理论依据。     

Bringing planning back into the picture – How can supply chain planning aid in dealing with supply chain-related problems in construction?

There are several supply chain-related problems facing the construction industry, such as poor construction site logistics, lack of communication and trust. These problems can jeopardize construction projects through delays and cost overruns. Supply chain planning, a part of supply chain management (SCM), can be used as a tool to deal with these problems. The purpose of this paper is to study how linkages between common supply chain-related problems in construction can be illustrated and to demonstrate how they could be resolved through supply chain planning. Firstly, we identify how the linkages between common problems can be illustrated, and secondly the role of supply chain planning in resolving these problems. A conceptual model is developed that was verified using three cases with Swedish gypsum and kitchen supply chains. The model is shown to be useful in illustrating how supply chain problems occurring at executional level on-site are related to problems originating in lack of planning at company/pre-construction level. The study thus demonstrates how supply chain planning can aid in resolving supply chain problems. The paper contributes by bringing planning back into the picture and by showing how supply chain planning can help to adopt SCM in construction.     

Third-party logistics in construction: the case of a large hospital project

The construction supply chain is of temporary nature and complex, with many interactions between multiple actors in different construction projects. This challenging context typically leads to relatively higher costs and lower productivity, compared to other industries. Supply chain management (SCM) has been put forward as a mean to better handle this challenging context. As a part of SCM initiatives some construction industry stakeholders have turned to third-party logistics (TPL) providers, especially in large construction projects. The use of TPL providers is a new, and under-investigated, phenomenon in the construction industry. The main purpose of this study is thus to explore the use of a TPL provider in a large construction project and to analyse its resulting effects. Driving forces and possible concerns for implementing TPL are identified and the possibility for TPL to be a facilitator for implementing SCM in construction is investigated. The research is based on a literature review and an explorative case study of a large hospital project in Sweden, where the client and the main contractor have initiated the use of a TPL provider to coordinate sourcing and materials handling activities on site. The results show positive effects on establishing an effective interface between the construction site and the supply chain. The results also show that a TPL solution facilitates an increase in productive work at the construction site itself, a reduction of costs and an increased utilisation of site assets. On the downside, the study also shows a lack of SCM knowledge amongst the involved actors in the project, hindering them to reap the full potential of TPL.     

Augmented process model for e-tendering: Towards integrating object models with document management systems

The management of the construction industry is exponentially increasing in complexity since it has to deal with highly fragmented, complex and unique combinations of business relations, communications and processes. Each phase in the construction cycle requires effective communication/sharing of information/knowledge as well as coordination among project participants and stakeholders, thus leading to timing and technical content transfer enhancements and/or problems as well as related efficiency and/or profitability loss. Recent advances in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are considered essential and promising in improving sharing/exchange of project information as well as communication among construction industry stakeholders whilst reducing associated costs and time.One facet of such advances in ICT is evident from the proactive indulgement of the construction supply chain in collaborative extranets. Extranets are able to capture the supply chain communication practices and provide a controlled communication hub as well as document management databases with all ICT enhanced features. In parallel, the construction industry has recognized the importance of sharing and exchanging project information across the supply chain through project integrated databases. However, such advancements in the ICT utilisation in construction industry were unable to develop a system that exchanges/shares project information, at the element level, over a well defined matrix of communication that can also integrate into the business processes of the members of supply chain.The objective of this study is to highlight the needs to bridge this gap through the development of an augmented process model which will enable integrated databases to support collaborative extranets at the Tender stage. This paper will discuss the features, limitation and nature of the process and information models which can be integrated into the core business processes of the construction supply chain members. This is basically achieved by investigating the communication processes and information exchanged across the supply chain during the construction tendering phase.     

供应链管理在建筑业的应用研究

给出了建设供应链的定义 ,从建设过程参与者的角度建立了一种典型的建设供应链模型 ,分析了建设行业供应链的特征、属性和存在的问题。基于供应链管理的定义和基本原理 ,对建设供应链管理进行了界定。从关系管理的角度提出了包括承包商 (供应商 )选择、冲突管理、风险管理、创新管理、绩效管理五个关系管理主体和一个信息支撑系统的集成化建设供应链管理框架 ,为在建筑业成功应用供应链管理提供了参考。最后对传统的建筑管理方法和集成化建设供应链管理方法进行了比较分析。     

建筑材料供应链运作中物流资源整合问题的研究探索

众所周知,目前市场环境已经发生了较大变化,传统粗放的建筑材料供应链模式已经不能满足当前建筑材料的运作需求,因此必须及时对传统的经营模式进行改变。改变传统在一定程度上是对新经营模式的检验,在此种基础上产生了物流服务外包。物流服务外包已经成为提高物流行业的主要操作方法,对物流行业经济效益及市场地位的提升具有很大作用。同时还要加强机制整合,构建长期合作的战略关系,提高与第三方的整理力度,营造和谐统一的市场竞争氛围。建筑材料供应链的工作效率以及其实际运作水平在很大程度上决定着工程施工及项目建设成本,严重时还会影响整个工程链中所有人员的实际经济利益。对建筑材料的物流资源整合的研究和探讨俨然成为一个热门的话题。     

RFID Enabled Knowledge‐Based Precast Construction Supply Chain

Radio frequency identification (RFID) helps improve supply chain efficiency by providing item‐level identification and real‐time information. Today, barcode continues to be the main identification technology for precast construction applications. In this research, we investigate the data‐driven mechanisms and benefits of utilizing RFID in knowledge‐based precast construction supply chains. With computer‐aided self‐learning capability, we simulate three models for manual‐, barcode‐, and RFID‐enabled precast construction supply chain. The results of 100 precast wall‐panel construction in a two‐echelon precast construction supply chain reveal that the knowledge‐based RFID system could generate 62.0% saving of operational costs, which is 29.0% higher than that of a barcode‐based system. As a result, the computer‐aided adaptive learning mechanism based on RFID is verifiable to improve the overall operational performance by reducing lead time, operational errors, and costs. Due to the lack of existing literature of data technology utilization in the precast construction industry, our findings in this research could improve the decision making regarding technology selection, as well as help with the operationalization of RFID and transformation to intelligent precast construction management in big data environment.     

智能建造产业的核心企业供应链组织结构解析

智能建造将给传统建筑业产业链带来变革,进而引起全产业链条上相关企业供应链关系的重构、竞合与创新变化。根据智能建造的特征挖掘出四个关键子产业,构建供应链集成框架,并分析供应链组织元素,在此基础上,提出智能建造产业的核心企业供应链组织集成模式,以推动智能建造产业的发展。     

Automated multi-objective construction logistics optimization system

Construction logistics planning entails the coordination of supply and site activities by integrating their decisions and recognizing existing interdependencies to minimize the total material management cost. Despite the preliminary estimates of its benefits to the construction industry, few contractors adopted logistics management because of its demand for detailed data and decision of material supply and site operations. This paper presents the development of a new automated multi-objective construction logistics optimization system (AMCLOS) that would support the contractors in optimally planning material supply and storage. AMCLOS provides a holistic framework of automatically retrieving project spatial and temporal data from existing scheduling and BIM electronic files, seamlessly integrating relevant contractor and suppliers' data, and optimizing material supply and site decisions to minimize total logistics costs. The performance of AMCLOS was validated against a previous construction logistics planning model, which provided useful insights on material supply and storage logistics in congested and spacious sites. The developed system is envisioned to increase the implementation of logistics management practices and early integration and coordination of construction supply and site processes.     

绿色供应链管理在我国建筑业的应用研究

界定了建筑业绿色供应链管理的内容,分析了建筑业实行绿色供应链管理的必要性,以及目前在建筑业实行绿色供应链管理存在的问题和应采取的措施。     

对我国推行建筑供应链管理的思考

与制造业供应链管理应用的繁荣相比,建筑业供应链管理尚处于发展时期,需要更深入的研究和更广泛的应用.明确了建筑供应链管理的涵义与特征,阐述了在我国推行建筑供应链管理是一种必然趋势,并剖析了我国已具备推行建筑供应链管理的基本条件,最后指出我国推行建筑供应链管理应解决好的几个关键问题,以期对促进我国推行建筑供应链管理有所裨益.     

Simulation modelling for logistics re-engineering in the construction company

Much attention is being paid to the significant role of logistics in the construction industry, with reference both to the total supply chain and to its individual links, called the ‘internal logistic system’. Rationalization of activity in the logistics sphere leads to lowered production costs and increased quality. However, rationalization of logistic processes often involves re-engineering, i.e. reconstruction or making changes, for instance in the structure of supply chains, in the organization of physical and information flows, in ways of taking up decisions, etc. This paper describes the effectiveness of a simulation modelling approach in improving logistic systems in construction, by applying information collected from Polish construction practice. Graphical and analytical models of company logistic systems are the basis for making simulators using GPSS World?. Two models of different structures from the point of view of physical and information flow were chosen, several different strategies for controlling these flows were worked out, values of particular parameters of the model were defined and the optimum solution was sought. The assumed optimization criterion is minimizing logistics costs. An analysis of the research results can be used to indicate re-engineering needs for the internal models of the logistic systems investigated.     

An industrial organization economic supply chain approach for the construction industry: a review

Understanding industries in terms of the concepts of chains, clusters and networks is becoming increasingly important in economies around the world. Supply chain management for an individual organization is an emerging field of research in the construction management discipline, but less attention has been devoted to investigating the nature of the construction supply chains and their industrial organizational economic environment. This selected review of construction and mainstream management supply chain literature is organized around four themes; distribution, production, strategic procurement management and industrial organization economics, and highlights the need to develop an industrial organization economic supply chain framework for construction. The merging of the supply chain concept with the industrial organization model as a methodology for understanding firm conduct and industry structure and performance is an important contribution to both construction supply chain and construction economic theory. Much of the industrial organization supply chain literature has tended to focus upon manufacturing industries, where typically firms are permanent organizations. This raises issues as to the differences between industries founded upon temporary compared with permanent organizations. There is potential for the development of an industrial organization methodology applicable to the project based industry. Ultimately industrial organization research seeks to have direct implications for industry performance and government policies.     

Achieving the unlikely: innovating in the loosely coupled construction system

Previous research suggests that a characteristic of the construction industry is a lack of technological innovation. Since this is seen as a problem, much theoretical development within construction management focuses on explaining the lack of innovation. Less effort has been expended on using such explanatory theories for investigating those rare exceptions in which construction firms succeed in the unlikely: successfully developing a new technology. This article makes use of the recently suggested framework by Dubois and Gadde. They describe the construction industry as a ‘loosely coupled system’ with four types of couplings, discuss why the particular mix of couplings in the construction system leads to a lack of innovation, and suggest types of couplings that construction firms should experiment with and change in order to boost innovation. A case study of a contractor developing a new technology is presented in terms of Dubois and Gadde's concepts and implications. The findings partly support and partly contradict their hypotheses. It seems that innovation is possible even if only a few of the existing couplings are changed. The most important changes relate to the tightening of intrafirm sequential inter‐project couplings enabling learning from project to project, and contract‐related couplings especially the design‐construction interface.     

Inter-organizational unfairness in the construction industry

There are numerous examples of unfair inter-organizational business practices in the construction industry. Conflict and confrontation, corruption, bid-shopping, insecurity of payment and supply chain exploitation are just some examples which have been documented over several decades in many countries. There have been numerous initiatives to make the construction industry a fairer business environment, but these have been largely developed in a conceptual vacuum. Consequently, few advances have been made in making the industry a fairer place to do business. To address the lack of theory in this area and provide a conceptual foundation for future improvement, theories of organizational justice were used as the basis for a survey of 135 consultants, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers from across the Australian construction supply chain. The findings reveal that mainstream theories of justice may need refinement and reorganization to be applied to a construction industry context. Furthermore, in contrast to much previous research, the results indicate that levels of interpersonal, social and informational justice are high within the Australian construction industry. However, they also show that more can be done to improve levels of procedural and distributive justice, particularly in relation to subcontractors and suppliers in the construction supply chain. Many of these findings are transferable to other countries which are culturally, contractually and organizationally similar to the Australian construction industry.     

建筑供应链的敏捷化策略

本文根据建筑业供应链节点多、链条长、变化快等特征提出了建筑供应链敏捷化策略:MC、延迟、业务外包和知识共享.分析研究了建筑供应链实施敏捷策略所需条件及实施过程中注意的问题,并给出了一些案例.     

基于BIM 的建筑供应链信息流模型的应用研究

在我国项目管理领域推行建筑供应链管理是一种必然趋势。建筑信息模型（BIM）是数字技术在建筑业中直接表达,信息是项目管理中的重要资源,信息流对建筑供应链管理有着特别重要的意义。文章从BIM 和建筑供应链的研究现状出发,提出了将BIM 应用于建筑供应链信息流管理的设想,并设计了基于BIM 的建筑供应链的信息流模型基本架构,进而研究了如何解决建筑供应链参与方的不同数据接口间的信息交换问题,以及基于BIM 的建筑供应链信息流模型在信息共享方面所具有的优势。