Integrated amateur band and ultra-wide band monopole antenna with multiple band-notched

This paper presents the integrated amateur band and ultra-wide band (UWB) monopole antenna with integrated multiple band–notched characteristics. It is designed for avoiding the potential interference of frequencies 3.99 GHz (3.83 GHz–4.34 GHz), 4.86 GHz (4.48 GHz–5.63 GHz), 7.20 GHz (6.10 GHz–7.55 GHz) and 8.0 GHz (7.62 GHz–8.47 GHz) with VSWR 4.9, 11.5, 6.4 and 5.3, respectively. Equivalent parallel resonant circuits have been presented for each band-notched frequencies of the antenna. Antenna operates in amateur band 1.2 GHz (1.05 GHz–1.3 GHz) and UWB band from 3.2 GHz–13.9 GHz. Different substrates are used to verify the working of the proposed antenna. Integrated GSM band from 0.6 GHz to 1.8 GHz can also be achieved by changing the radius of the radiating patch. Antenna gain varied from 1.4 dBi to 9.8 dBi. Measured results are presented to validate the antenna performances.     

An Optimal Design of Fractal Antenna with Modified Ground Structure for Wideband Applications

This paper premeditates an optimal design of fractal antenna with modified ground structure for wideband applications. The proposed antenna has been designed by taking numerous iterations started from 0th to 3rd. To attain the wideband characteristics, the partial ground plane has been introduced in the 3rd iteration, and the length of the ground plane has been varied to enhance the bandwidth. The maximum value of bandwidth has been adorned in the final iteration as 1.88 and 0.20 GHz. Further, this bandwidth has been improved and embellished as 2.48 GHz within the frequency range of 3–6 GHz by employing horizontal and vertical extensions in the partial ground plane. Antenna is simulated by using HFSS and performance parameters of antenna like return loss (S_11?≤???10 dB), gain and radiation efficiency are in the acceptable limits. The maximum value of gain is reported as 5.1 dB and radiation pattern is also omnidirectional. The proposed antenna is useful for the wireless applications as WiMAX (3.4–3.69 GHz) and WLAN (5.15–5.35 and 5.72–5.82 GHz) Simulated and experimental results are also juxtaposed and found in good agreement with each other.     

Design of a patch antenna with square ring-shaped-coupled ground for on-/off body communication

Bio-telemetry is an advanced area of research that enables the transmission of biomedical parameters from human body to external monitoring device. Wearable antennas showing robust performance are attaining attention for RF bio-telemetry. A square ring-shaped ground antenna with a truncated patch is investigated for dual mode, on-body and off-body communication. The proposed antenna structure is analysed and optimised on a multi-layered flat tissue phantom. Proposed design resonates at 2.6 GHz with |S11| ?22 dB and at 5.2 GHz with |S11| ?35 dB on the phantom gel. Wide bandwidth of 520 MHz (2.33–2.85 GHz) and 620 MHz (4.78–5.4 GHz) efficiently covers ISM, LTE and WLAN bands and enables the antenna to withstand frequency detuning due to different body postures. Antenna shows maximum radiation efficiency of 15% at 2.45 GHz band when placed close to the tissue. Low specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.459/0.523/0.303 W/Kg at 2.45/2.6/5.2 GHz ensures the tissue safety.     

Ultra-Wideband Slot Antenna with Rejection of WLAN and ITU Bands Using Protruded Strip Resonators

In this paper, a different method for designing a new slot antenna with dual band-notched characteristic for ultra-wideband applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a square-ring radiating stub with an inverted T-shaped strip protruded inside the ring, a feed-line with an E-shaped strip protruded inside the rectangular slot, and a ground plane with a pair of L-shaped strips protruded inside the extra rectangular slot. In this study, by using a a pair of L-shaped strips protruded inside the slot in the ground plane, additional resonance is excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. By using this modified structure in the ground plane, the antenna provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 130 % (3.01–15.35 GHz). To generate a single band-notched function, we convert a square radiating patch to a square-ring with an inverted T-shaped strip. Finally, by adding a rectangular slot with a protruded E-shaped strip in the microstrip feed line, a dual band-notched function is achieved. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band-notched slot antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with two notched bands, covering all the 5–6 GHz wireless local area network, 8–8.5 GHz international telecommunication union bands.     

A novel broadband circularly polarised monopole antenna

A novel broadband circularly polarised (CP) monopole antenna is designed and implemented in this article. The antenna consists of a radiating patch that is composed of an annular-ring linked by a square ring over the corner and a modified ground plane. The broadband property is achieved based on a novel monopole structure that is connected by two perturbed loops, so the CP wave is generated due to the perturbation. Besides, by cutting a rectangular slit and embedding a vertical stub on the ground plane, the impedance and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths can be greatly enhanced. The measured results reveal that the proposed monopole antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.575 GHz from 2.3 to 6.85 GHz, reaching the particularly broad bandwidth of 99.5%. Furthermore, a wide 3-dB AR bandwidth of 34.6% (1.53 GHz, 3.65–5.18 GHz) centred at 4.42 GHz is achieved. The radiation characteristics of the designed antenna are also presented.     

Dual Band-Notched Small Monopole Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for UWB Applications

This article proposes a novel printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband applications with dual band-notch function. The antenna consists of a disc-shaped radiating patch with a pair of folded strips arms, and a ground plane with a two L-shaped conductor backed plane, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 140 % (2.6–14.43 GHz). In order to generate single band-notch characteristics, we use a modified disc-shaped radiating patch with a pair of folded strips arms also by using this modified radiating patch, additional resonance is excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. By adding two L-shaped conductor backed plane in the ground plane a dual band notch function is achieved. The measured results reveal that the presented dual band-notch monopole antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with two notched bands, covering all the 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX and 4 GHz C bands. The designed antenna has a small size of $12\times 18\,\hbox {mm}^{2}$ .     

Compact,Isolation Enhanced,Band-Notched SWB–MIMO Antenna Suited for Wireless Personal Communications

Herein, a Conductor Backed Co-Planar Waveguide fed, compact, slotted Multiple–Input–Multiple–Output or MIMO antenna having Super Wideband (SWB) response and tunable band-notching feature is presented. In addition, an improved method for cut-off frequency prediction of the antenna is formulated. A super wide frequency response from 01.21 to 34.0 GHz and notches at Wireless Local Area Networks or WLAN bands (04.92–05.83 GHz) and Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access or WiMAX bands (03.30 GHz–03.70 GHz) are obtained. By fine tuning the dimensions of the Split Ring Resonator Structure introduced in the radiating element, band-notched characteristics centered at 05.50 GHz WLAN band is obtained. A second band notch having centre frequency at 03.50 GHz for the WiMAX band is obtained by the introduction of a Spiral Microstrip Defected Structure in the feeding segment. The antenna is 20?×?36?×?1 mm³ in dimension. Acceptable gain all through the functional bandwidth, excepting the notched bands makes the MIMO antenna a novel contender for SWB operations particularly for Wireless Personal Communications.

     

Design of Compact Planar Triple Band-Notch Monopole Antenna for Ultra-wideband Applications

In this article a microstrip-fed mickey shaped monopole antenna with triple notched band characteristics for ultra-wideband applications is presented. By etching two slots in the ground plane, improved VSWR bandwidth is achieved. Mickey shape radiating patch provides 10 dB return-loss bandwidth from 3.10 to 10.60 GHz. By etching three simple C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, three existing wireless communication systems which interfere with UWB band is removed which includes WiMAX IEEE802.16 (3.30–3.80 GHz), WLAN IEEE802.11a/h/j/n (5.15–5.35, 5.25–5.35, 5.47–5.725, 5.725–5.825 GHz) and X-band downlink satellite system (7.1–7.9 GHz). Experimental results reveal that the proposed antenna exhibits desirable radiation patterns in the far field, resulting omnidirectional like pattern in the H-plane and nearly dipole like pattern in the E-plane.     

Broadband Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna for sub-6-GHz 5G communications

This paper presents the design of a miniaturized broadband monopole antenna for 5G and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed monopole evolved from a rectangular geometry of size 12 × 5 mm. The slot and stub loading techniques are used to improve the impedance matching offered by the antenna. Furthermore, bandwidth broadening is achieved using lumped elements loaded onto the aperture of the antenna. The proposed miniaturized antenna exhibits a measured impedance bandwidth of 63.6% (3.0–5.8 GHz) covering the 5G spectrum allocations under sub-6 GHz and the WLAN services. The antenna elements are replicated along the sides of the mock mobile handset PCB to study the functionality of the eight-element MIMO antenna. The prototype MIMO antenna fabricated and tested in the laboratory offers a peak gain of 3 dBi and total efficiency greater than 72%. Owing to miniaturization, the spatial distribution of the antenna element provides a low envelope correlation (ECC) of less than 0.2 and good diversity gain (DG) greater than 7.8 dB. In addition, the mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), multiplexing efficiency (ME), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are evaluated and presented. The estimated MIMO metrics are within the desired range of operation and hence make the antenna suitable for a complex propagation environment. The prototype antenna is developed on a thin microwave laminate with low-loss characteristics and tested under laboratory conditions. The outcomes indicate that the proposed eight-element antenna can be applied to 5G MIMO communications.     

New CRLH-Based Planar Slotted Antennas with Helical Inductors for Wireless Communication Systems,RF-Circuits and Microwave Devices at UHF–SHF Bands

Two novel planar slotted-antennas (PSAs) are presented that exhibit good radiation characteristics at the UHF–SHF bands. The proposed antennas are constructed using metamaterial unit-cells constituted from capacitive slots etched in the radiating patch and grounded spiral shaped inductive stubs. The proposed PSA design is fabricated on a commercially available dielectric substrate, i.e. Rogers RO4003 with permittivity of 3.38 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The first PSA comprising five symmetrical unit-cells of slot–inductor–slot configuration operates over a wide bandwidth extending from 1 to 4.2 GHz with a peak gain of 1.5 dBi and efficiency of 35 % at 2 GHz. The second PSA consists of ten asymmetrical unit-cells of slot–inductor configuration on the same size of substrate as the first PSA, enhances the antenna gain by 2 dB and efficiency by 25 % and operates over 0.75–4.5 GHz. The asymmetrical unit-cell effectively increases the aperture size of the antenna without comprising its size. The electrical size of the antenna is 0.083λ₀ × 0.033λ₀ × 0.005λ₀, where free-space wavelength (λ₀) is 1 GHz.     

Compact UWB monopole antenna with quadruple band notched characteristics

ABSTRACT

A compact planar Ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with quadruple band notch characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a notched rectangular radiating patch with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a defected ground plane. The quadruple band notched functions are achieved by utilising two inverted U-shaped slots, a symmetrical split ring resonator pair (SSRRP) and a via hole. The fabricated antenna has a compact size of 24 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm with an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.86 to 12.2 GHz for magnitude of S₁₁ < ?10 dB. The four band notched characteristics of proposed antenna are in the WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) band (3.25–3.55 GHz), C band (3.7–4.2 GHz), WLAN (wireless local area network) band (5.2–5.9 GHz) and the downlink frequency band of X band (7–7.8 GHz) for satellite communication are obtained. The measured and simulation results of proposed antenna are in good agreement to achieve impedance matching, stable radiation patterns, constant gain and group delay over the operating bandwidth.     

Design and Analysis of MIMO Antenna with High Isolation and Dual Notched Band Characteristics for Wireless Applications

A very compact Superwideband multiple-input–multiple-output antenna with dual notched band characteristics is presented. Superwideband characteristics is obtained by means of radiating patch and high isolation between two input ports are obtained by using T-shaped stub in ground plane. Two rejection bands (wireless interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)/C-band and wireless local area network) are obtained by etching two elliptical slots on radiating patch. Antenna offers large measured useable bandwidth of 2.60–20.04 GHz. Diversity performance is studied in terms of envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain and total active reflection coefficient. Antenna also offers desirable radiation pattern, gain and radiation efficiency which makes proposed antenna quite suitable for different wireless applications.

     

一种新型宽带圆极化介质谐振器天线设计与实现*

设计了一种宽带圆极化介质谐振器天线,为一种鼠笼形的宽带一分四90毅相移功分微带馈电网络,采用缝隙耦合对介质谐振器顺序旋转耦合馈电。天线结构紧凑、加工简单,仿真和实测结果吻合良好,其阻抗带宽和低于3dB的轴比带宽重叠部分在1.09 GHz-1.83GHz、为50.7%。增益大于3dB 及轴比小于3dB 的波束宽度均达到90°。天线工作频率覆盖四大导航系统,包括中国的北斗系统、美国的GPS 系统、欧洲的伽利略(GALTLEO)系统和俄罗斯的格洛纳斯(GLONASS )系统的频段,天线可应用于全球卫星导航定位系统和无线宽带通信系统中。     

Dual-Band Antenna Fed with CPW Technology Using Modified Mirrored L-Shaped Conductor-Back Plane

This paper describes a novel configuration of a CPW-fed printed monopole antenna that depicts dual-band operations of WLAN and X-bands. The proposed antenna consists of a simple rectangular-shaped patch as the main radiator, the modified mirrored L-shaped conductor back plane element, and the partial rectangular CPW-ground surface. Dual-band performances can be obtained by embedding and adjusting dimensions of strips on mirrored L-Shaped conductor back plane element. The impedance bandwidth with \(\hbox {s}_{11} < -10\)  dB is about 2.2 GHz (5.05–7.25 GHz) or 36 % for 5 GHz band and 5.2 GHz (7.6–12.8 GHz) or 51 % for X-band. The measured peak gains are about 1.8 dBi at WLAN-band and 4.3 dBi at X-band. The Experimental results indicate that the fabricated antenna with proper dimensions, good radiation characteristics, and reasonable measured gains can be a good candidate for various applications of the future multi-band wireless communication systems and mobile device.     

A dual-band CP dual-orthogonal arms monopole antenna with slanting edge DGS for C-band wireless applications

This communication describes a novel design of circularly-polarized (CP) monopole antenna for dual-band performance. The proposed design offers an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 3.7 GHz in the frequency range 2.9–6.6 GHz in the lower band and 1 GHz (7.7–8.7 GHz) in the upper band. Proposed antenna has a wide CP (3 dB axial-ratio) bandwidth of 2.42 GHz (46.6%) in lower band (4.08–6.5 GHz) and 300 MHz in upper frequency band (8.1–8.4 GHz). The CP bandwidth is achieved through dual orthogonal arms and slanting edge defected ground structure (DGS). Proposed antenna is suitable for the C-Band wireless applications including WLAN, Wi-MAX communication systems.     

Low profile single feed monopole antenna for quad-band circularly polarised applications

ABSTRACT

A single fed monopole antenna for circularly polarised quad-band applications is presented. The antenna radiator is comprised of half ring-shaped arcs integrated with the 50Ω microstrip feed line. In the proposed design, the circular polarisation is achieved by means of integrating ring, stubs and implanting an open-ended C-shaped slot in the ground surface. The designed antenna has a ?10 dB impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.41 GHz to 4.14 GHz and 4.34 GHz to 6.33 GHz. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth varies from 3.01 to 3.21 GHz, 3.46 to 3.79 GHz, 4.53 to 4.68 GHz and 5.08 to 5.10 GHz, therefore, exciting four circularly polarised bands. The proposed antenna covers almost all the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards and may be a suitable candidate for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The optimisation of the designed antenna is conducted using tool Ansys HFSS and found simulated results in a good match with measured results.     

Bi-directional UWB MIMO Antenna for Superior Spatial Diversity,and/or Multiplexing MIMO Performance

In this paper, a two-element UWB MIMO antenna with bi-directional radiation pattern is designed for superior UWB MIMO performance. The designed antenna adopts asymmetric coplanar waveguide ground feeding. The proposed antenna ECC is lower than the ECC of its omni-directional peer antenna. Simulated and measured ECC is lower than 0.016 over the entire ultra-wide bandwidth (3.1–10.6 GHz). The isolation between elements of the designed antenna is 20–25 dB exceeding the average in recently published works. The designed antenna has a diversity gain of almost 10 dB and average multiplexing efficiency of 85% over the entire ultra-wide bandwidth. The antenna preserves radiation efficiency higher than 0.96 and gain 3 dB. The diversity performance of the proposed UWB MIMO antenna is proven through real rich-multipath indoor environment measurements. Stationarity of the elected channel is evaluated through 100 successive measurements separated by a 3-min period for 5 h long. The measured spatial correlation coefficients are much lower than 0.5 in different scenarios.     

一种宽带WLAN贴片天线

文中提出了一种单馈的宽带贴片天线应用于无线局域网络通信。该天线由方形贴片、电抗性阻抗表面以及电磁带隙结构组成。文中提出同时加载电抗性阻抗表面和电磁带隙结构能够实现小型化以及宽带化。电抗性阻抗表面作为接地平面能够降低天线的谐振频率。电磁带隙结构能够提高天线的阻抗带宽。测试结果表明所提出的WLAN贴片天线的相对带宽为22.3%(S₁₁=-10 dB),覆盖4.77～5.97 GHz,可以获得6.3～7.2 dBi增益。与现有宽带小型化天线相比,该天线在保证宽带小型化的前提下仍具有较高增益,且辐射性能具有较高的一致性,十分有利于其应用。该天线能够覆盖IEEE 802.11a标准所规定的5 GHz频段,能够实现无线局域网之间的高速数传。     

Design and Optimization of Dual Band Microstrip Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

Dual-frequency operation of antenna has become a necessity for many applications in recent wireless communication systems, such as GPS, GSM services each operating at two different frequency bands. A new technique to achieve dual band operation from different types of microstrip antennas is presented here. An evolutionary design process using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in conjunction with the method of moments (MoM) is employed effectively to obtain the geometric parameters of the antenna performance. In this article a PSO based on IE3D®? method is used to design dual band inset feed microstrip antenna. Maximum return loss is obtained at 2.4 GHz is ?43.95 dB and at 3.08 GHz is ?27.4 dB. Its bandwidth, of 33.54 MHz, ranges from 2.38355 GHz to 2.41709 GHz. Simulated and experimental results of the antenna are discussed.