适用于制导控制一体化的模糊滑模方法

为了提高打击大机动目标命中率、机动性和燃油利用率, 设计一种适用于制导控制一体化的模糊滑模方法. 建立拦截导弹制导控制一体化模型, 选取零控脱靶量作为滑模面, 将制导律嵌入控制器的设计中, 并将运动学关系与 动力学特性有机融合. 在滑模控制器中加入模糊环节, 有效克服了滑模方法的抖振问题. 目标蛇形机动的弹道仿真结果表明, 所提出方法可以有效提高系统各方面的性能.

     

A Sensor-Based Controller for Homing of Underactuated AUVs

A new sensor-based homing integrated guidance and control law is presented to drive an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) toward a fixed target, in three dimensions, using the information provided by an ultrashort baseline (USBL) positioning system. The guidance and control law is first derived using quaternions to express the vehicle's attitude kinematics, which are directly obtained from the time differences of arrival (TDOA) measured by the USBL sensor. The dynamics are then included resorting to backstepping techniques. The proposed Lyapunov-based control law yields global asymptotic stability in the absence of external disturbances and is further extended, keeping the same properties, to the case where constant known ocean currents affect the dynamics of the vehicle. Finally, a globally exponentially stable nonlinear TDOA and range-based observer is introduced to estimate the ocean current and uniform asymptotic stability is obtained for the overall closed-loop system. Simulations are presented illustrating the performance of the proposed solutions.      

Nonlinear generalised dynamic inversion for aircraft manoeuvring control

The nonlinear control problem of aircraft trajectory tracking is tackled in the framework of multiple linear time-varying constrained control using the newly developed paradigm of generalised dynamic inversion. The time differential forms of the multiple constraints encapsulate the control objectives, and are inverted to obtain the reference trajectory-realising control law. The inversion process utilises the Moore–Penrose generalised inverse and the associated nullspace projection, and it predictably involves the problematic generalised inversion singularity. Thus, a singularity avoidance scheme based on a new type of dynamically scaled generalised inverses is introduced that guarantees both asymptotically stable tracking and singularity avoidance. The steady-state closed-loop system allows for two inherently noninterfering control actions working towards a unified goal to exploit the aircraft's control authority over the entire state space. One control action is performed by the particular part of the control law on the range space of the transposed constraint matrix, and it works to impose the prescribed aircraft constrained dynamics. The other control action is performed by the auxiliary part of the control law on the complementary orthogonal nullspace of the constraint matrix, and it provides aircraft's global inner stability using the concept of perturbed feedback linearisation. Numerical simulations of an aggressive multiaxial aircraft coordinated manoeuvre verify the efficacy of designing nonlinear flight control systems via this methodology.     

Integrated guidance and control of elastic flight vehicle based on robust MPC

Integrated guidance and control of an elastic flight vehicle based on constrained robust model predictive control is proposed. The design is based on a partial state feedback control law that minimizes a cost function within the framework of linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that the solution of the defined optimization problem stabilizes the nonlinear plant. Nonlinear kinematics and dynamics are taken into account, and internal stability of the closed‐loop nonlinear system is guaranteed. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed integrated guidance and control against non‐maneuvering and weaving targets are evaluated using computer simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust fuzzy 3D path following for autonomous underwater vehicle subject to uncertainties

This paper addresses a three-dimensional (3D) path following control problem for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) subject to both internal and external uncertainties. A two-layered framework synthesizing the 3D guidance law and heuristic fuzzy control is proposed to achieve robust adaptive following along a predefined path. In the first layer, a 3D guidance controller for underactuated AUV is presented to guarantee the stability of path following in the kinematics stage. In the second layer, a heuristic adaptive fuzzy algorithm based on the guidance command and feedback linearization Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is developed in the dynamics stage to account for the nonlinear dynamics and system uncertainties, including inaccuracy modelling parameters and time-varying environmental disturbances. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the heuristic fuzzy controller is presented. Against most existing methods for 3D path following, the proposed robust fuzzy control scheme reduces the design and implementation costs of complicated dynamics controller, and relaxes the knowledge of the accuracy dynamics modelling and environmental disturbances. Finally, numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and illustrate the outperformance of the proposed controller as well.     

智能车辆路径跟踪控制方法

为了提高智能车辆路径跟踪控制器的可靠性和控制精度,提出一种基于误差动力学模型的路径跟踪控制方法.基于车辆运动学模型和动力学模型建立系统误差动力学模型,并在此基础上推导出车辆路径跟踪控制的稳态控制律,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论验证稳态控制律的正确性.为了减小外部干扰对控制性能的影响,提高控制器的可靠性,进一步设计基于车辆侧向位移误差的瞬态控制律,并利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论验证闭环系统的稳定性.稳态控制律和瞬态控制律构成了非线性的路径跟踪控制器.通过与车辆路径跟踪常用的线性控制器和非线性控制器对比验证所提出控制方法的有效性,线性控制器选用LQR控制器,非线性控制器选用Stanley控制器.仿真结果表明,与LQR控制器相比,所提出控制方法的路径跟踪控制精度、抗干扰性和可靠性更好.与Stanley控制器相比,所提出控制方法具有更好的路径跟踪控制精度和控制收敛速度,且在大曲率路径跟踪过程中具有更好的可靠性.     

Path tracking of underactuated ships with general form of dynamics

This article considers the path tracking problem for underactuated ships with general form of dynamics including uncertainties. By introducing certain two polar coordinate transformations, the ship's tracking kinematics and dynamics can be transformed into certain two-inputs–two-outputs nonlinear strict-feedback form. To avoid possible singularity problem in the backstepping control design, we introduce an asymptotic modification of orientation concept. Presented tracking scheme can guarantee the uniformly ultimately boundedness of closed-loop system in terms of polar coordinates. For the convenience of comparison with previous related works, where all tracking schemes were discussed in the Cartesian frame, we carry out some case studies to investigate the conditions under which the proposed tracking method can guarantee the same stability and convergence properties of tracking errors in the Cartesian frame. Numerical simulation studies are also carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of presented tracking scheme.     

Visual servoing of mobile robots for posture stabilization: from theory to experiments

On the basis of the kinematic model of a unicycle mobile robot in polar coordinates, an adaptive visual servoing strategy is proposed to regulate the mobile robot to its desired pose. By regarding the unknown depth as model uncertainty, the system error vector can be chosen as measurable signals that are reconstructed by a motion estimation technique. Then, an adaptive controller is carefully designed along with a parameter updating mechanism to compensate for the unknown depth information online. On the basis of Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle's invariance principle, rigorous stability analysis is conducted. Because the control law is elegantly designed on the basis of the polar‐coordinate‐based representation of error dynamics, the consequent maneuver behavior is natural, and the resulting path is short. Experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非匹配不确定性影响下的无人车路径跟踪控制

针对无人车在非匹配不确定性影响下的路径跟踪控制问题,设计一种基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的滑模控制器.首先,根据车辆运动学和动力学方程,同时考虑轮胎侧滑造成的不确定性、车辆侧偏约束以及随机干扰影响,建立车辆非线性不确定系统模型;然后,提出一种线性滑模路径跟踪控制方法,给出线性滑模面存在的充分条件,并推导出线性滑模面存在的显式公式,以保证约束于该滑模面的降阶等价系统的二次稳定性;最后,在SerretFrenet坐标系下验证车辆单、双移线运动时的路径跟踪控制效果.仿真结果表明,所设计的滑模控制器可以保证对参考路径的稳定跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

水冷壁爬壁机器人路径跟踪研究

摘要：准确的直线运动是水冷壁爬壁机器人完成磨损检测工作的前提,为了保证其做直线运动,设计了一种水冷壁爬壁机器人路径跟踪控制律。本文通过建立爬壁机器人的运动学模型,用摄像机采集水冷壁图像,对图像处理并提取直线路径,实现对其位姿的反馈,再根据Backstepping跟踪算法设计路径跟踪控制律对机器人位姿进行控制,同时采用Lyapunov稳定理论对控制律的收敛性进行验证,最后通过MATLAB软件进行仿真实验,仿真结果验证了控制律的有效性。     

Sonar-based guidance of unmanned underwater vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of the design and coordination of guidance and sonarbased motion estimation algorithms for unmanned underwater vehicles. In the framework of a two-layered hierarchical architecture uncoupling the system's dynamics and kinematics, a couple of guidance laws for approaching a target with the desired orientation and following an environmental feature have been designed with Lyapunov-based techniques. Suitable acoustic-based estimators of the corresponding operational variables have been designed and integrated with the guidance and control system. A finite state machine combined with a suitable interface for event generation allows the coordinated execution of basic guidance and motion estimation tasks to carry out more complex functions. Experimental results of pool trials of a prototype unmanned underwater vehicle executing free-space maneuvering, wall-following tasks and the more complex mission of following the perimeter of the trial pool are reported and discussed.     

4WD-4WS型床椅一体化机器人室内定位与点镇定控制研究

以床椅一体化机器人为研究对象,通过设计相应的运动控制器,并结合所搭建的组合导航定位测控系统,实现了室内环境下的点镇定控制;首先,设计了一种四轮转向-四轮驱动模式的全向床椅机器人样机,并对其运动学进行分析;其次,通过不连续坐标变换,用极坐标形式表示当前位姿与目标位姿间的全局控制误差,并选取合适的位姿误差变量对系统模型进行描述,设计出一种基于位置闭环的全局反馈控制器;继而,根据控制器的需要,设计搭建基于卡尔曼滤波的IMU/UWB组合导航定位系统,实现床椅一体化机器人的全局实时精确定位;最后,采用Lyapunov函数法,对所设计控制器中的控制律进行稳定性分析;MATLAB仿真实验与现场实验均表明所设计的点镇定方法控制效果良好。     

追踪器本体坐标系下航天器姿轨一体化控制律设计

在追踪航天器本体坐标系下, 联合相对轨道动力学模型和四元素姿态动力学模型, 引入推进器配置矩阵, 建立六自由度姿态和轨道一体化模型. 该模型避免了控制输入向追踪器本体坐标系下的转换. 在此基础上, 采用输入-状态(ISS) 稳定性原理, 在干扰输入信息完全未知的情况下, 设计了非线性鲁棒一体化控制律. 该控制律实现了对椭圆轨道上目标航天器的扰动抑制和跟踪, 具有较好的鲁棒性和跟踪性. 最后, 针对运行在椭圆轨道上的目标给出仿真结果, 表明了所提出的一体化控制律的可行性和有效性.

     

Integrated Guidance and Feedback Control of Underactuated Robotics System in SE(3)

An integrated guidance and feedback control scheme for steering an underactuated vehicle through desired waypoints in three-dimensional space, is developed here. The underactuated vehicle is modeled as a rigid body with four control inputs. These control inputs actuate the three degrees of freedom of rotational motion and one degree of freedom of translational motion in a vehicle body-fixed coordinate frame. This actuation model is appropriate for a wide range of underactuated vehicles including spacecraft with internal attitude actuators, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, fixed-wing multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), maneuverable robotic vehicles, etc. The guidance problem is developed on the special Euclidean group of rigid body motions, SE(3), in the framework ofgeometric mechanics, which represents the vehicle dynamics globally on this configuration manifold. The integrated guidance and control algorithm selects the desired trajectory for the translational motion that passes through the given waypoints, and the desired trajectory for the attitude based on the desired thrust direction to achieve the translational motion trajectory. A feedback control law is then obtained to steer the underactuated vehicle towards the desired trajectories in translation and rotation. This integrated guidance and control scheme takes into account known bounds on control inputs and generates a trajectory that is continuous and at least twice differentiable, which can be implemented with continuous and bounded control inputs. The integrated guidance and feedback control scheme is applied to an underactuated quadcopter UAV to autonomously generate a trajectory through a series of given waypoints in SE(3) and track the desired trajectory in finite time. The overall stability analysis of the feedback system is addressed. Discrete time models for the dynamics and control schemes of the UAV are obtained in the form of Lie group variational integrators using the discrete Lagrange-d’Alembert principle. Almost global asymptotic stability of the feedback system over its state space is shown analytically and verified through numerical simulations.     

纵向速度和艏向角受限的水面艇有限时间协同路径跟踪

研究多个欠驱动水面艇在纵向速度和艏向角受限情况下的协同有限时间直线路径跟踪问题.针对水面艇在位置和速度方向上受到的干扰,考虑欠驱动水面艇同时受到匹配和不匹配扰动的情况,通过在控制方案中引入积分视线制导律和有限时间观测器来估计并补偿两类扰动.设计非对称障碍Lyapunov函数来保证欠驱动水面艇在航行过程中不违反约束条件,...     

基于滑模控制的导弹制导系统设计

对传统的导弹制导系统进行改进设计,改善导弹的路径跟踪效果。首先引入Dubins曲线对导弹进行航迹规划进行,并基于滑模控制进行导弹制导策略的设计,自动驾驶仪系统采用级联比例积分控制器。Dubins曲线能为导弹创建更平滑的参考轨迹,减少导弹的超冲运动与振荡现象。滑模控制通过计算导弹与参考轨迹的相对距离,获得参考方位角,进而实现对参考轨迹的跟踪,能够提高制导系统响应速度、抗干扰能力。对导弹跟踪路径效果进行仿真,对比引入dubins曲线前后导弹的跟踪轨迹的误差与振荡现象,证明了引入dubins曲线对于导弹的路径规划工作具有显著帮助,并对结果中的一些现象进行了讨论。并已dubins曲线作为仿真路径,对传统比例制导策略和改进型滑模控制制导策略的仿真结果进行对比,证明了改进型制导系统设计的可行性,并对其路径跟踪表现的特点进行了讨论。     

含攻击角约束的网络化弹药分布式模糊协同制导律

在舰炮网络化弹药打击近岸机动目标的末制导段,提出了一种考虑攻击角约束的有限时间分布式模糊协同制导律.构建网络化弹药–目标相对运动模型,设计扩张状态观测器估计目标的切向、法向加速度.在视线切向,为保证命中时刻在有限时间内趋于一致,采用积分滑模设计分布式有限时间协同制导律;在视线法向,为在有限时间内零化视线角误差、视线角速率并改善控制指令终端发散现象,采用非奇异终端滑模设计两阶段制导律.为削弱控制指令抖振、补偿干扰,设计模糊自适应系统,并通过Lyapunov理论证明了全系统状态的一致最终有界性与有限时间收敛性.仿真实验表明:该制导律使网络化弹药在打击机动形式不同的目标时,均具备较好的协同制导性能.     

Wheeled mobile robot navigation using proportional navigation

We present a method for wheeled mobile robot navigation based on the proportional navigation law. This method integrates the robot's kinematics equations and geometric rules. According to the control strategy, the robot's angular velocity is proportional to the rate of turn of the angle of the line of sight that joins the robot and the goal. We derive a relative kinematics system which models the navigation problem of the robot in polar coordinates. The kinematics model captures the robot path as a function of the control law parameters. It turns out that different paths are obtained for different control parameters. Since the control parameters are real, the number of possible paths is infinite. Results concerning the navigation using our control law are rigorously proven. An extensive simulation confirms our theoretical results.     

A guidance law with finite time convergence considering autopilot dynamics and uncertainties

Taking into consideration both the autopilot dynamics and uncertainties, this paper proposes a finite time convergent guidance law for homing missile to intercept a maneuvering target. Firstly, an exact observer (differentiator) is employed to estimate the target maneuvers in finite time. Then, a finite time convergent guidance law is designed based on the existing finite time sliding-mode control theory. It is proved that the line-of-sight (LOS) angular rate converges to zero in finite time under the proposed guidance law. Compared with the existing finite time guidance laws, this guidance law can compensate for the effects of the autopilot dynamics and uncertainties, and the information used for feedback control is much easier to obtain. Finally, simulation results show that our scheme, as a finite time convergent algorithm, has strong robustness to bounded disturbances.     

民用飞机多级健康状态评估技术研究

保障飞机安全高效地运行,不断提高飞机派遣可靠度是每一家航空公司需担负的责任和不懈追求的目标;民用飞机多级健康状态评估技术将充分利用各类工程数据、技术数据和可靠性分析数据,建立飞机技术派遣量化评估方法,甄选影响飞机技术派遣的主要参数,并通过对各参数进行权重分配,建立综合量化分析模型,针对专机、VIP及其他特殊航线运行要求,精准高效地为飞机的技术派遣提供决策依据,保证特殊运行航班的安全性以及签派可靠度;在航空公司机队的实际应用中表明,基于飞机多级健康状态的评估系统能够有效地提高机队的派遣可靠度和日利用率,具有重要的工程应用价值。