Evaluation of performance and emission behaviour of DI diesel engine powered by biofuel

In this experiment, the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine were tested using bio-fuel (Anise oil) at different loads. The main focus of this study was to compare the existing biodiesel blends with the proposed mixture (anise?+?cerium oxide) of biodiesel blends in terms of engine parameters, cost, efficiency, and pollution control. The blends used in this experiment are B10 (Biodiesel-10%), B20 (Biodiesel-20%), and B30 (Biodiesel-30%). The emission and performance parameters considered for the test are SFC (specific fuel consumption), CO (carbon monoxide), NO_X (nitrogen oxide), and HC (hydrocarbon). These parameters were tested for different load conditions such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. From the results, it shows that SFC is lower for B20 blend compared to that of pure diesel fuel, while B10, B30, B40, and B50 blends have slightly higher values. From the experiment, it is found that emissions of the HC and NO_x were reduced and CO emission is slightly higher than the pure diesel.     

Combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fuelled with blends of methyl ester of cotton seed oil

The combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled and direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester of cotton seed oil (MECSO) and its blends with neat diesel fuel were examined. The experiments were conducted at a constant speed under steady-state condition with a Kirloskar TAF 1 engine. Combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), cumulative heat release rate (CHRR), maximum cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, ignition delay, duration of injection and combustion duration of MECSO and its blends with diesel were evaluated and compared with those of diesel fuel. From the analysis, it was found that the peak cylinder pressure and HRR of diesel were higher when compared with those of MECSO blends. The ignition delay, duration of injection and combustion duration decreased for MECSO blends compared to those of diesel. However, the CHRR of MECSO and its blends were higher than that of diesel. Finally, the study showed that B25 (25% of MECSO and 75% of diesel) gave optimum combustion characteristics for all loads and could be used as a viable alternative fuel in a DI diesel engine without any engine modifications.     

The influence of bio additive on the compression ignition engine with diesel and Jatropha methyl ester biodiesel

The present experimental investigation evaluates the effects of using blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio additive. Both the diesel and biodiesel fuel blend was injected at 23° Before Top Dead Centre to the combustion chamber. The experiment was carried out with three different ratios of bio additive. Biodiesel was extracted from Jatropha oil; 20% (B20) concentration is found to be best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. The bio additive was added to B20MEOJ at various concentrations of 1?ml, 2?ml and 3?ml, respectively. The main objective is to obtain minimum specific fuel consumption, better efficiency and lesser Emission using bio additive blends. The results concluded that full load shows an increase in efficiency when compared with diesel, and highest efficiency is obtained with B20MEOJBA 3?ml bio additive blend. It is noted that there is an increase in thermal efficiency as the blend ratio increases. Biodiesel blend has a performance closer to that of diesel, but emission is reduced in all blends of B20MEOJBA 3?ml compared to that in diesel. Thus the work marks for the suitability of biodiesel blends as an alternate fuel in diesel engines.     

The combined effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

The present experimental investigation focuses on the combined effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of a diesel engine fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends. The C. inophyllum biodiesel-diesel blend was prepared in a proportion of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel (B20) by a volumetric basis with a magnetic stirrer. The MWCNTs (in the mass fraction of 40?ppm) were dispersed into the B20 fuel with the help of an ultrasonicator. The results show that brake thermal efficiency increases by 7.6% with the addition of MWCNTs to the B20 fuel, decreases by 2.42% with the EGR to the B20 fuel, and increases by 2.26% with the addition of MWCNTs and EGR to the B20 fuel compared to the B20 fuel. The maximum cylinder pressure and heat release rate was occurred as 67.35 bar and 74.80?kJ/m³ deg for the B20MWCNT40 fuel at full load condition. The CO and HC emissions for the B20MWCNT40+20%EGR fuel sample were lower compared to the B20 fuel. The Smoke emissions were reduced for B20MWCNT40 fuel compared to the B20 fuel. The NO_x emissions were reduced by 25.6%, 29.7% for B20+20%EGR, B20MWCNT40+20%EGR fuel samples compared to the B20 fuel.     

Performance characteristics of CI engine using blends of waste cooking oil methyl ester,ethanol and diesel

ABSTRACT

The main emphasis of this work is to explore the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil and its utilisation in CI engine blended with ethanol and conventional diesel. Waste cooking oil methyl esters (WCOME) was prepared by transesterification with a heterogeneous catalyst such as CaO. Diesel and WCOME blends of five different proportions with 5% of ethanol uniformly added to them were used as a fuel in a variable compression ratio, constant speed, compression ignition engine. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine at part and full load conditions were compared with that of neat diesel, varying the compression ratio from 18 to 22. From the experimental results, the blend comprising 20% waste cooking oil, 5% ethanol and 75% mineral diesel showed ameliorated performance and emission characteristics, compared with all the other fuel blends at an optimum compression ratio of 21.     

Evaporation rate and engine performance analysis of coated diesel engine using Raphanus sativus biodiesel and its diesel blends

An experimental investigation to measure the evaporation rates, PSZ-coated engine performance and emissions of radish biodiesel (Methyl Ester of radish oil) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat radish biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air velocity of 0.2?m/s with a constant temperature of 200°C. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilised in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of the fuels. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it can be suggested that a blend of B25–B75 could be optimally used in coated diesel engine settings without any modifications on it.     

Impact of nano additive on engine characteristics using blends of thyme oil with diesel

Diesel engines have been the ‘primus motor’ of transportation in the world since a long time now. However, the depletion of fuel supplies, recent concerns over the environment and the ever-increasing fuel prices have made the search for an alternative fuel of paramount importance. A considerable amount of interest has been shown by researchers to evaluate different plant and vegetable oils as a replacement of diesel. Based on this background, an attempt to investigate Thyme oil as a substitute to diesel without any modifications in the engine was made. The experiment was conducted on a 1500?rpm, four-stroke, diesel engine with single cylinder which is water cooled. Cerium Oxide nano additive was added to the blends of thyme oil with diesel and its effects on the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and exhaust emissions were examined. The experimental results portrayed better values of brake thermal efficiency and low SFC with B10 (10 parts of oil with 90 parts of diesel) and B20 samples of the blends, while the B40 blend showed lower NO_x emissions at all loads. The HC content was found to increase with the increasing quantity of thyme oil in the blends.     

Impact of compression ratio analysis in waste cooking oil biodiesels–diesel blends as fuel

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of diesel engine with waste cooking oils methyl ester–diesel blends as fuel. The DI engine fuelled with Waste Cooking Rice Bran Methyl Ester (WCRBME) and Waste Cooking Cotton Seed Oil Methyl Ester (WCCSME) prepared by the transesterification process was investigated for its combustion and then compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel (PBDF). Experiments were conducted at a constant speed of 1500?rpm and maintained at a full-load condition for the compression ratio of 17:1, 18:1 and 19:1 and blending ratios B20, B40, B60 and B80.The fuel properties were strictly measured as per ASTM testing methods and these observed properties are verified to be well within the limits of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standards. The combustion characteristics of heat release rate and combustion pressure of WCRBME & WCCSME were found closer to diesel.     

Bio-ethanol additive effect on direct injection diesel engine performance,emission and combustion characteristics – an experimental examination

ABSTRACT

The present investigation explores the effect of dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) blends and ethanol additive on TV1 Kirloskar diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the experimental study, it is concluded that DSOME-B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel?+?80% diesel) has shown appreciable performance and lower HC and CO emissions among all other blends. Hence DSOME-B20 is optimised as best fuel blend and it is carried for further investigations to study the effect of bio-ethanol additive on diesel engine performance. From the study it apparent that diesel engine operated with ethanol additive and 20% dairy scum biodiesel blended fuels shown the satisfactorily improved emission characteristics when compared to petroleum diesel fuel operation. Finally, from the experimental investigation, it concludes that addition of ethanol shown the slightly higher HC, CO emission and improved BTE, BSFC, NOx and CO₂ than sole B20 biodiesel blend. Among all three (3%, 6% and 9%) ethanol additive ratios, E6% (6%-ethanol with B20) ethanol additive exhibits slightly better BTE, BSFC, cylinder pressure and heat release rate hence 6% ethanol additive with B20 biodiesel blend would furnish beneficial effects in the diesel engine.     

Performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using linseed oil as biodiesel by varying injection timing

The depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand leads to research in alternate fuels. The alternate fuels are bio-degradable, renewable and non-toxic. Many types of oils are re-used in biodiesel production, considering their availability, among which linseed oil is the most significant one. Injection timing plays a major role among various injection parameters which affects its performance and emission characteristics. This paper focuses on experimental investigation on a single cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine with output of 5.2?kW at 1500?rpm at various injection timings, 20, 23, 26 degree BTDC for observing the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using methyl esters of linseed oil and its blends. The blends are B10, B20, and fuel characteristics are observed. The results show that when compared with diesel it gives an increase in BTHE and reduction in SFC. Both the biodiesel blends give lesser NOx. Slightly higher CO and HC emission were found. The performance and emissions were increased in when injection increased.     

Experimental investigations on the influence of properties of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel on performance,combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

The current state of future energy and environmental crises has revitalised the need to find alternative sources of energy due to escalating oil prices and depleting oil reserves. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been a growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel that can become a suitable diesel fuel substitute for compression ignition engine. Biodiesel offers a very promising alternative to diesel fuel, since they are renewable and have similar properties. Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil collected from different restaurants in the Nagapattinam region of South India was converted into methyl esters (biodiesel) by transesterification. Biodiesel produced from C. inophyllum oil was blended with diesel by different volume proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Biodiesel and its blends were tested on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at a constant speed by varying loads from 0% to 100% in steps of 20% to analyse its performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The results obtained were compared with that of diesel fuel. B25 (27.5%) showed better performance than diesel fuel (26.28%) at full load and B50 showed performances similar to diesel fuel. Smoke density of B25 was slightly (2.6%) higher than that of diesel at full load conditions. At full load, measured carbon monoxide emissions for B25 and B50 were 4% lower than that of diesel. Hydrocarbon emissions for B25 and B100 were 5.37% and 25.8% higher than that of diesel, respectively. Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission was lower for all biodiesel blends. NO_x emissions of B100 and B75 were lower than that of diesel by 22.16% and 13.29% at full load, respectively. Combustion profile was smoother, and no knocking problem was observed while operating with biodiesel blends. B75 produced peak cylinder pressure.     

Energy and exergy analysis of a CI engine using tyre pyrolysis oil blends with diesel

Tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) blend with diesel can be used as an alternate fuel. Tests have been carried out to analyse the energy and exergy characteristics of diesel engine fuelled by B10, B20 and B30 blend of TPO with diesel fuel. TPO was derived from waste automobile tyres through vacuum pyrolysis process (batch type). In this paper, the brake thermal efficiencies of TPO of different blends (10%, 20% and 30%) are compared with the pure diesel and discussed. Further, exergy and energy values of TPO–diesel with different blends are analysed.     

Experimental analysis on a DI diesel engine with cerium-oxide-added Mahua methyl ester blends

An investigational research is carried out to found the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticles additives in diesel and biodiesel blends. Mahua methyl ester was produced by transesterification and blended with diesel. Cerium oxide nanoparticles of 50 and 100?ppm in proportion are subjected to high-speed mechanical agitation followed by ultra-sonication. The experimentations was conducted on a single cylinder DI diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500?rpm using different cerium-oxide (CeO₂)-blended biodiesel fuel (B20?+?50?ppm, B20?+?100?ppm, B50?+?50?ppm and B50?+?100?ppm) and the outcomes were compared with those of neat diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (B20 and B50). The experimental results indicated that brake thermal efficiency of B20?+?100?ppm cerium oxide was increased by 1.8 with 1% betterment in specific fuel consumption. Emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide were reasonably lower than Diesel fuel.     

Performance and Emission characteristics of cotton seed and neem oil biodiesel with CeO2 additives in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Energy utilisation from renewable sources plays a vital role in meeting the demands of a clean environment. Commercialisation of biodiesel is comparatively less than that of other alternative sources due to its suitability and yield. This paper is focused on performance and emission characteristics of neem oil biodiesel and cotton seed oil biodiesel blended with cerium oxide as an additive. The blending proportion was B10, B20, B30, B40 and 100% diesel. The testing was performed in a single-cylinder diesel engine coupled with an exhaust gas analyser. The performance characteristics were obtained in between the brake power with specific fuel consumption and emission characteristics such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gases. It was observed that the combination of B20 proportion with CeO₂ blend produces effect results with other blends in specific fuel consumption and reduced emission behaviour.     

Combustion characteristics of the direct injection diesel engine fuelled with corn oil methyl ester

Petroleum-based fuels is a finite resource that is rapidly depleting. Consequently, petroleum reserves are not sufficient enough to last many years. In this research, an experimental investigation has been performed to give insight into the potential of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The experimental work has been carried out to estimate the combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, DI diesel engine fuelled with corn oil methyl ester (COME) and diesel blends. The COME was preheated to temperatures namely 50°C, 70°C and 90°C before it was supplied to the engine. The optimised preheated temperature of 70°C was chosen based on the higher brake thermal efficiency and lower specific fuel consumption. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics are evaluated by running the engine with COME and diesel blends at this preheated temperature. In this paper, the combustion characteristics are only discussed. The combustion characteristics such as ignition delay, maximum rate of pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, mass fraction burned and combustion duration of COME methyl ester and diesel were evaluated and compared with neat diesel. The rate of pressure rise and maximum combustion pressure inside the cylinder were high for COME blends compared with neat diesel. The heat release rate of diesel is higher compared with COME blends. The ignition delay and combustion duration are decreased for COME blends compared with neat diesel. The cumulative heat release rate and mass fraction burnt of COME blends are higher than neat diesel.     

An experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with blends of cottonseed oil methyl ester with cold and hot EGR

An experimental investigation of diesel engine using cottonseed oil biodiesel and its blends with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) techniques has been carried out. An optimum nozzle opening pressure of 250 bar and lower static injection timing of 20° before top dead centre (bTDC) are considered because it has been observed that these conditions only give minimum emissions. From the test results, it could be noted that there is an increasing trend of emission characteristics of HC, smoke density and NO_x for both cold and hot EGR for all blends of fuel with respect to brake power. As compared with cold EGR, the hot EGR gives lower emissions at all loads. In hot EGR, among the blends, at no-load and full-load conditions, the B100 gives the highest reduction in NO_x of 14.23% and 7.91%, respectively. However, the use of EGR leads to a rise in soot emission because of soot–NO_x trade-off for both the cases.     

Experimental study of diethyl ether addition on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine

Recently investigations were carried out on the utilisation of light fraction pyrolysis oil (LFPO) in diesel engine, which was obtained from a tyre recycling plant. The 40LFPO blend, which comprised 40% LFPO and 60% diesel composition gave better performance and lower emissions than the blends containing 20LFPO, 60LFPO and 80LFPO. The ignition delays of the blends were longer than that of diesel fuel, because of their lower cetane numbers. The aim of this investigation was to study effect the adding small quantities of Diethyl ether (DEE) whose cetane number is 125, to 40LFPO on the engine behaviour in terms of performance parameters and exhaust emissions. The percentage of DEE was varied from 1% to 4% in steps of 1% on a volume basis. The results of the performance and emission parameters of the engine run on the 40LFPO-DEE blends were evaluated, compared with the diesel operation of the same engine and presented in this article.     

The influence of injection parameters on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine using biofuel-blended-pure diesel fuel

The transport sector is the most essential driver of growth and economic development, which is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, responsible for almost a quarter of the global carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, the experiments were conducted for an injection timing of 21° with standard injection pressure of 220?bar at different proportions such as 20%, 40% and 60% of biodiesel blends with pure diesel fuel. Other parameters like injection pressure and mass flow rate are kept constant. The performance parameters for running the engine are 1500?rpm and a rated power of 4.4?kW. The performance test resulted in the increased BTE and reduction in the SFEC for B20 blend as compared to the other proportions. The emission characteristics show that the CO, UHC and NO_x were decreased for B20 when compared with the other proportions.     

Effects of hydrocarbon fuel extracted from waste transformer oil on a DI diesel engine

In this study, hydrocarbon fuel (HCF) was derived from waste transformer oil through a traditional base-catalysed trans-esterification process. The experimental investigations using its blends of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and diesel fuel were carried out separately. The HCF obtained from waste transformer oil is used in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine without any engine modification to evaluate its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The results indicate that the engine operating on test fuel blends shows a marginal increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with a significant reduction in smoke. Nitrous oxides (NO_x) emission was slightly higher for test fuel blends than for diesel. The results show that at maximum load conditions, 25% HCF reduces carbon monoxide, smoke and hydrocarbon emission by 50%, 31% and 10%, respectively, whereas 50% HCF shows a greater BTE than other blends and is 12% higher than that of the diesel fuel. The combustion characteristics of fuel blends closely followed those of standard diesel.     

Performance,combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder constant speed compression ignition engine using soybean methyl esters

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to produce biodiesel from soybean oil and to investigate its characteristics. Soybean oil-based bio diesel properties are observed and tested in the fuel testing laboratory with standard procedures. It is found that soybean oil-based biodiesel has similar properties as that of diesel fuel. An experimental set-up was used in the study to analyse the performance, combustion and emission of soybean oil biodiesel with respect to normal diesel by using different blends (B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100). It is observed that there is no difficulty found in running the engine, but the performance of the biodiesel blends quite deviated from normal diesel. The combustion characteristics of the tested blends were in agreement with normal diesel. The carbon emissions are much lower for soybean oil biodiesel blends than diesel.