铝合金材料的微动疲劳及其防护研究进展

主要论述微动疲劳的研究的必要性和微动疲劳的基本概念。我们研究微动疲劳主要从4个部分来进行论述,即微动疲劳的影响因素、机理研究、防护方法和寿命预测的发展过程,其中机理研究和防护方法我们要着重阐述一下,这是有效防范或者减轻微动疲劳的对铸件的伤害的根本。最后根据其研究情况,提出一些尚未得到解决的问题,有待以后研究攻破。     

微动疲劳研究进展

介绍了微动疲劳的概念和实验装置,详细综述了微动疲劳的国内外研究现状,全面地分析讨论了微动疲劳的影响因素(接触压力、滑移幅值、实验频率、摩擦力、环境、材料性质)、损伤机理、寿命评估方法和防护措施,并提出了今后研究的展望。     

铝合金材料的微动疲劳研究进展

综述了铝合金材料的微动疲劳研究进展,介绍了铝合金材料的微动疲劳、裂纹萌生和扩展机制、影响因素和微观机理,同时总结了抗铝合金微动疲劳的表面工程的最新研究进展。最后从铝合金材料的微动疲劳实验研究、裂纹萌生和扩展机制以及微观机理等方面概述了铝合金材料的微动疲劳研究趋势。     

高速列车轮轴微动疲劳影响因素概述

对影响微动疲劳的各种因素进行了概括总结,特别是对高速列车轮轴微动疲劳有重大影响的位移幅度﹑接触压力﹑频率﹑环境和表面处理状况等因素进行了详细的讨论.归纳了微动疲劳寿命随各影响因素变化的规律,指出了各因素作用机理的主要研究进展,在此基础上,对高速列车轮轴微动疲劳的研究前景进行了展望.     

Ti－1023合金的微动疲劳及防护

本文对近β钛合金Ｔｉ－１０Ｖ－２Ｆｅ－３Ａｌ在７４０℃，２ｈ，ＷＱ＋５１０℃，８ｈ，ＡＣ状态下的微动疲劳特性及防护工艺进行了研究，结果表明合金的疲劳强度对微动损伤十分敏感，下降幅度达６６％。疲劳损伤主要以脱层形式出现，微动损伤诱发疲劳裂纹是导致早期断裂的主要原因。离子注入、离子镀、离子氮化和ＤＪＢ－８２３固体薄膜保护等表面强化工艺对该合金的微动疲劳防护都不理想。     

椭圆形路径载荷下的微动疲劳失效特征

为了解微动疲劳失效机理,通过柱面对柱面的接触方式,研究了60Si2Mn钢在椭圆形路径、拉扭耦合作用下的多轴低周微动疲劳特性,深入分析讨论了不同轴向循环拉伸应力幅值对摩擦磨损表面和断口形貌的影响.结果认为：磨损区产生的氧化物磨屑对微动区磨擦损伤行为具有显著影响;微动摩擦磨损对试样表面的影响深度只有数十微米;微动疲劳裂纹源...     

微动疲劳中的应力状态参数和微动磨损参数的研究

本文对微动疲劳中的力学参数作出了研究。微动接触面上的力学参数可分为应力状态参数（SSP）和微动磨损参数（FWP）两类，并将应力状态参数综合为当量应力σ-1E,而将微动磨损参数用摩擦功W来表示．对桥式微动疲劳试件和燕尾型榫联接试件的数值分析表明，在微动接触面上疲劳断裂处的σ-1E和W值较大。因此，有可能使用了σ-1E和W值作为预测微动疲劳失效的两个基本参数。     

18CrNiMo7-6合金钢的弯曲微动疲劳特性

对18CrNiMo7-6合金钢进行弯曲微动疲劳实验,建立弯曲微动疲劳S-N曲线,并对实验结果进行分析。结果表明:该合金钢的弯曲微动疲劳S-N曲线不同于中碳钢材料,也不同于常规弯曲疲劳,而是呈"ε"型曲线特征。随着弯曲疲劳应力的增加,微动运行区域由部分滑移区向混合区和滑移区转变,损伤区的磨损机制以剥层、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。在混合区内,裂纹最易萌生和扩展,且裂纹均萌生于材料接触区次表面。受接触应力和弯曲疲劳应力影响,弯曲微动疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展可分为三个阶段:初期,在接触应力控制下,裂纹萌生于次表面;随后,裂纹受接触应力和弯曲疲劳应力共同控制,转向更大角度方向扩展;最后,裂纹完全受弯曲疲劳应力控制而垂直于接触表面扩展,直至断裂失效。     

接触应力和高温环境对Inconel 690合金微动疲劳寿命的影响

核电设备中的蒸气发生器传热管材料Inconel690合金在高温高压力下易发生微动而影响其使用寿命.在Instron 8850动态疲劳试验机上采用自制的微动疲劳装置,研究了Inconel 690合金钢与同种材料对摩时的微动疲劳特性,重点考察了接触应力与环境温度对其微动疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明:当接触应力较小时,微动桥压块与试件表面间有相对滑动,微动运行于滑移区,且微动疲劳寿命随接触应力的增加快速下降;当接触应力超过80 MPa后,微动运行于混合区,当接触应力在120 MPa左右时微动疲劳寿命达到最低值;而随着接触应力的继续增大,微动由混合区向部分滑移区转变,疲劳寿命呈上升趋势;环境温度的升高加速了微动接触界面的氧化并可导致疲劳寿命下降;当温度超过300℃时,微动疲劳寿命接近最低值且不再随环境温度的增加而发生明显下降.     

35CrMoA微动疲劳特性及其微结构研究

通过平面对平面的接触方式,研究35CrMoA微动疲劳特性及其微结构,通过透射电镜(TEM)观察并分析了微动疲劳过程中不同接触应力及不同循环周次时接触区位错的组态。结果表明,随着接触应力的增大,其寿命不断降低,但在不同接触应力区间内,疲劳寿命降低的趋势不同;随着微动疲劳周次增加,其位错密度逐渐增大并互缠结在一起,进一步演化为位错胞;在不同接触应力下,微动疲劳后期都形成了位错胞结构;微动疲劳表层发现有层错亚结构,并且微动接触区的表层容易形成驻留滑移带。     

An apparatus for quantitative fretting testing

The design and construction of an apparatus for performing quantitative fretting fatigue experiments is described. The device allows accurate measurement and control of normal contact force, tangential contact force, relative displacement between contacting surfaces and bulk fretting loads, as well as measurement of average friction coefficients. Its design is simple, and includes interchangeable fretting contact pads, allowing the use of various pad geometries without major adjustment. The device incorporates many points of adjustment for alignment and compliance, making it a robust frame for a wide variety of fretting fatigue conditions involving different materials. The capabilities of this device are also verified by results of fretting fatigue experiments conducted on a 7075-T6 aluminium alloy.     

A fracture mechanics approach to high cycle fretting fatigue based on the worst case fret concept – I. Model development

An integrated analytical and experimental approach was taken to develop a fracture mechanics-based methodology for predicting the limiting threshold stress of high-cycle fretting fatigue in structural alloys. The contact stress field for two flat surfaces under fretting was analyzed via an integral equation technique. The local fretting stress field of the uncracked body was then utilized to obtain the stress intensity factor of an arbitrarily oriented fatigue crack using a continuum dislocation formulation. The limiting threshold stress ranges for the nonpropagation of fretting fatigue cracks were predicted on the basis that the fretting fatigue cracks are small cracks that exhibit a size-dependent growth threshold and propagate at stress intensity ranges below the large-crack threshold. In part I, the development of the worst-case fret (WCF) model is described. The influence of the limiting high-cycle fatigue (HCF) threshold stress on a variety of fretting fatigue parameters such as bearing pressure, pad geometry, shear stress, mode mixity, and coefficient of friction are elucidated by parametric calculations. In part II, the WCF model is applied to treating HCF of Ti-6Al-4V where model predictions are compared against critical experiments performed on a kilohertz fretting-fatigue rig.     

A multiaxial fretting fatigue test for spline coupling contact

A novel fretting fatigue experimental methodology is presented for mimicking the salient fretting variables for arbitrary axial locations within a complex spline coupling geometry, under combined torque, axial loading and rotating bending moment. The approach permits the simulation, in a simplified test arrangement, of the superimposed multiaxial fretting conditions between the spline teeth. This is achieved via the combination of a low frequency in-plane cyclic normal clamping load and a higher frequency out-of-plane cyclic fatigue stress. The latter is known from spline fatigue tests to play a critical role, along with torque and axial loads, in fretting fatigue cracking of splines.     

钛合金的微动疲劳及其防护

对近年来国内外采用表面技术提高钛合金微动疲劳抗力的研究和进展做了简要的综述，分析了微动疲劳的影响因素以及各种表面技术的应用和作用机制。指出采用多种表面技术，如戈面机械强化、表面涂层和镀膜、高能束处理以及复合表面技术等均可不同程度地改善钛合金的抗微动疲劳性能，同时简要指出了各种表面技术的使用限制。     

Influence of fretting on the fatigue strength at the vise clamp-specimen interface

Fretting fatigue is one of the most important phenomena for inducing a significant reduction of fatigue strength and consequently, leading to unexpected failure accidents of the engineering structures even at very low stresses. In the present study, both plain and fretting fatigue tests with zero mean stress were carried out on two different types of steel, low-carbon steel and martensitic stainless steel, by means of a reversed bending fatigue testing machine. The drop in the fatigue strengths through fretting at vise clamp-specimen interface were significant for both tested steels. The fretting processes produced a reduction in fatigue strength of about 27% for low-carbon steel and 16% for martensitic stainless steel.     

High cycle fatigue mechanisms of aluminum self‐piercing riveted joints

A study examining the fatigue failure mechanism of self‐piercing riveted (SPR) joints between aluminum alloy 6111‐T4 and 5754‐O is presented in this paper. In particular, the high‐cycle fatigue behavior of the SPR joints in the lap‐shear configuration is characterized. Experimental fatigue testing revealed that failure of SPR joints occurred because of cracks propagating through the sheet thickness at locations away from the rivet. In‐depth postmortem analysis showed that significant fretting wear occurred at the location of the fatigue crack initiation. Energy dispersive X‐ray of the fretting debris revealed the presence of aluminum oxide that is consistent with fretting initiated fatigue damage. High‐fidelity finite element analysis of the SPR process revealed high surface contact pressure at the location of fretting‐initiated fatigue determined by postmortem analysis of failed coupons. Furthermore, fatigue modeling predictions of the number of cycles to failure based on linear elastic fracture mechanics supports the conclusion that fretting‐initiated fatigue occurred at regions of high surface contact pressure and not at locations of nominal high‐stress concentration at the rivet.     

Effects of cyclic frequency and contact pressure on fretting fatigue under two-level block loading

Fretting fatigue tests involving the contact of flat and cylindrical titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V surfaces, and constant- and two-level block remote bulk stresses are described. The constant-amplitude tests have been performed at cyclic frequencies of 1 and 200 Hz. The two-level block spectra involve the superposition of a 1-Hz, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) constant-amplitude component and a 200-Hz, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) component. Two values of contact pressure are considered. The cyclic frequency of 200 Hz is found to curtail the constant-amplitude fretting fatigue life regardless of the contact pressure applied. Increasing the contact pressure reduces life at 1 Hz but does not have any effect at 200 Hz. Under two-level block loading, the fretting fatigue life is determined primarily by the stress amplitude and high-cyclic frequency of the HCF component of the load spectrum. The LCF component is found to play a secondary role in the determination of the two-level block fretting fatigue life. Fracture topographies for the different test conditions are documented.