基于“猫眼效应”的激光主动成像探测系统性能分析

通过对调制对比度限制下的作用距离建模,文中分析了激光主动成像探测系统的性能.首先描述了系统组成,然后通过调制对比度的表达式导出了作用距离模型,最后根据"猫眼"目标和漫反射目标不同的特性分别进行了仿真计算.结果表明:激光主动成像探测系统基于"猫眼"效应探测时性能大大提高.     

激光斜入射条件下“猫眼”效应的实验研究

"猫眼"目标回波功率是激光主动探测系统的重要指标,可用来评估光电装备"猫眼"效应的强弱,并为探测器的优化设计提供参考。依据所建立的斜入射条件下"猫眼"目标回波功率数学模型,仿真分析了入射角对"猫眼"目标回波功率的影响,利用搭建的激光主动探测系统对典型"猫眼"目标进行了实验研究,理论仿真结果与实验结果表明,激光在有限斜入射条件下,"猫眼"目标回波功率将随入射角的增大而迅速下降,并很快湮没于噪声之中。这为进一步研究基于"猫眼"效应的激光主动探测适用条件提供必要的实验依据。     

空中目标的激光主动探测

文章提出对目标采用基于“猫眼效应”的激光主动探测技术进行探测。首先介绍了基 于“猫眼效应”的探测原理,推导作用距离方程,并做了可行性分析。最后通过仿真计算,证明激光主动探测技术用于无人机探测是可行的。     

离焦量对“猫眼效应”反射特性的影响

为了研究目标光学系统在焦平面反射元件离焦情况下的"猫眼效应"反射特性,采用ZEMAX光学设计及分析软件对"猫眼"目标进行建模和仿真,得出了入射激光通过"猫眼"目标后的能量通过率、后向反射激光束的发散角、远场光斑及其能量分布情况等特性,以及正负离焦量对反射特性影响的区别,并且得出在离焦情况下能够产生"猫眼效应"后向反射光所必需的入射激光束的入射角范围.结果表明,离焦量对"猫眼效应"后向反射光特性有决定性的影响,尤其是对远场光强影响较为显著,这为激光主动探测体制的探测能力分析提供了可靠性依据.     

离焦状态下“猫眼”效应的实验研究

“猫眼”目标回波功率是激光主动探测系统的重要指标,可用米评估光电装备“猫眼”效应的强弱,并为探测器的优化设计提供参考。分别建立了正负离焦状态下“猫眼”目标回波功率数学模型,仿真分析了离焦量对“猫眼”目标回波功率的影响,利用搭建的激光主动探测系统及倒置的望远系统,实现了离焦状态下典型“猫眼”效应的实验。理论仿真结果与实验...     

"猫眼"目标回波功率的影响因素分析

光电系统广泛存在着所谓的"猫眼效应",针对"猫眼"目标的反射特性,建立了正负离焦时"猫眼"目标回波发散角数学模型,采用几何光学方法对正入射条件下具有"猫眼效应"光学系统的回波发散角进行了推导,总结出离焦条件下"猫眼"目标的回波功率计算公式,分析了各因素对"猫眼"目标回波功率的影响,并对理论分析的结果进行了验证.结果表明:"猫眼"目标的回波功率受发射激光参数、大气透过率、"猫眼"目标光学系统参数等诸多因素影响,其中压缩激光发散角、提高发射功率能够显著增强回波功率,增加大气能见度和"猫眼"目标反射面反射率同样增加回波功率,而离焦量的增大则会引起回波功率的衰减.     

“猫眼效应”的物理模型及证明

本文阐述了光学系统中存在的"猫眼效应"物理模型,利用傅氏变换性质证明了"猫眼效应".当激光光束以任一角度入射至"猫眼"光学系统时,将沿入射光方向返回。对普通目标和"猫眼"目标的光学反回率作了比较。     

光学系统的球差对激光主动侦察的影响

利用光学窗口“猫眼效应”进行的激光主动侦察易受光学镜头的像差的影响。通过建立球差光学系统“猫眼效应”的理论模型,并运用数值仿真计算的方法,分析了目标光学系统的球差与侦察激光的回波发散角、接收功率以及最大侦察距离等参数的关系。结果表明目标光学系统的球差会明显增大回波发散角、降低回波接收功率和减小最大侦察距离,对激光主动侦察造成不良的影响。     

基于“猫眼效应”的Nd:YAG激光谐振腔

阐述了“猫眼效应”的基本原理,分析了将“猫眼”目标作为激光谐振腔腔镜,取代普通激光器球面腔镜,获得激光振荡的可能性;计算了“猫眼”目标作为激光腔镜时的等效反射率,指出利用激光在其焦平面的聚焦特性实现激光干扰的新方法。并在实验中得到证实。     

主动探测回波激光脉冲时域特性

利用猫眼效应原理实施目标主动探测,能够快速、准确发现空间光学侦察设备。激光脉冲辐照不同的反射目标,产生回波经大气传输后具有不同的脉冲展宽,利用该特性可实现对不同目标的识别和定位。利用光子散射理论分析了近地面气溶胶散射效应引起的脉冲展宽,给出了影响脉冲展宽的主要因素,建立了猫眼和漫反射背景回波脉冲展宽的计算物理模型;为验证模型,设计并实施了基于飞艇平台的动态主动探测验证实验,实验结果表明:激光脉冲经过8～10 km斜程大气传输,猫眼和飞艇背景漫反射回波分别展宽了20～30 ns和90 ns,与物理模型计算值具有较好的一致性,验证了物理模型的正确性,该模型可为区分和提取猫眼回波信号提供理论依据。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks