结合概率图模型与DNN的DDoS攻击检测方法

从传统网络到物联网,分布式拒绝服务攻击一直是网络安全的隐患。为提高分布式拒绝服务攻击的检测率,提出基于概率图模型与深度神经网络的DDoS攻击检测方案。该检测方案由数据预处理阶段和攻击检测阶段组成,在数据预处理阶段,研究了正常数据包与攻击包的区别,分别从TCP、UDP以及IP数据包包头信息提取出较高维的统计特征,根据随机森林计算的特征重要性因子,保留了前22个特征用于流量检测。22个统计特征通过概率图模型的隐马尔科夫算法进行聚类,然后将聚类结果通过检测阶段的深度神经网络对网络数据进行进一步的检测。在CICDoS数据集上进行验证性实验,结果表明,该检测方法的准确率最高可达99.35%,最低检测误报率和漏警率分别可达0.51%和0.12%。     

基于改进双重深度Q网络的入侵检测模型

入侵检测技术作为网络安全有效的防御手段,是网络安全体系中的重要组成部分。随着互联网的快速发展,网络数据量快速增加,网络攻击更加趋于复杂化和多元化,目前主流的入侵检测技术无法有效识别各种攻击。针对实际网络环境中正常流量和攻击流量数据不平衡,且对攻击类流量检测率低的问题,基于深度强化学习提出一种基于改进双重深度Q网络的CBL_DDQN网络入侵检测模型。该模型将一维卷积神经网络和双向长短期记忆网络的混合网络模型引入深度强化学习的DDQN框架,并使用深度强化学习中的反馈学习和策略生成机制训练智能体来对不同类别的攻击样本进行分类,在一定程度上减弱了训练模型过程中对数据标签的依赖性。采用Borderline-SMOTE算法降低数据的不平衡度,从而提高稀有攻击的检测率。通过NSL_KDD和UNSW_NB15数据集对模型的性能进行评估,结果表明：该模型在准确率、精确率、召回率这三项指标上均取得了良好的结果,检测效果远优于Adam-BNDNN、KNN、SVM等检测方法,是一种高效的网络入侵检测模型。     

基于集成学习的僵尸网络在线检测方法

针对现有的僵尸网络研究工作所检测的僵尸网络生命周期的阶段较为单一的问题,提出基于集成学习的僵尸网络在线检测方法。首先,细粒度地标记僵尸网络多个阶段的流量,生成僵尸网络数据集;其次,结合多种特征选择算法生成包含23个特征的重要特征集和包含28个特征的次重要特征集,基于Stacking集成学习技术集成多种深度学习模型,并针对不同的初级分类器提供不同的输入特征集,得到僵尸网络在线检测模型;最后,将僵尸网络在线检测模型部署在网络入口处在线检测多种僵尸网络。实验表明,所提基于集成学习的僵尸网络在线检测方法能够有效地检测出多个阶段的僵尸网络流量,恶意流量检测率可达96.47%。     

一种基于攻击图的高级持续威胁检测方法北大核心CSCD

针对传统入侵检测工具无法检测高级持续威胁(Advanced Persistent Threat,APT)攻击和威胁警报疲劳问题,文章提出一种基于攻击图的APT检测方法 ADBAG(APT Detection Based on Attack Graph),该方法根据网络拓扑、漏洞报告等信息生成攻击图,并利用攻击图对攻击者行为进行预先分析,有效解决了威胁警报疲劳问题。文章结合ATT&CK(Adversarial Tactics,Techniques and Common Knowledge)模型和APT攻击三相检测模型,设计了一种缺失路径匹配评分算法,从攻击全局角度分析和检测APT攻击。同时,设计了基于灰名单的多攻击实体关联方法,以保证生成的APT攻击证据链的准确性。在公开数据集上进行实验,实验结果表明,ADBAG可以有效检测APT攻击,并能够检测基于零日漏洞的APT攻击,进一步定位攻击影响范围。     

一种基于数据挖掘的DDoS攻击入侵检测系统

防御分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击是当前网络安全中最难解决的问题之一。针对该问题文章设计了基于数据挖掘技术的入侵检测系统,使用聚类k-means方法结合Apriori关联规则,较好地解决了数值属性的分类问题,从数据中提取流量特征产生检测模型。实验表明,该系统可以有效检测DDoS攻击。     

基于注意力机制的入侵检测生成对抗网络模型

针对传统基于生成对抗网络（GAN）模型存在生成对抗样本无效且训练效率低等问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的GAN模型,通过在生成器模块引入注意力机制,保留攻击流量攻击功能的同时,对输入向量的不同部分设置不同权值,以实现对关键特征信息的抽取,使得模型可以作出更准确的判断,同时提高训练的效率。生成器根据注意力特征图可以抽取攻击流量中的非功能特征进行修改,提高训练效率,结合判别器判别反馈结果,最终生成器可以生成保留攻击功能的有效对抗样本。实验针对基于卷积神经网络（CNN）类的深度入侵检测系统进行测试,验证了此基于注意力机制的GAN对抗攻击模型生成的对抗流量可以有效降低深度入侵检测系统的识别率,整体识别率降低超过10%,在注意力模块的帮助下模型能够针对重要特征进行训练,使得收敛速度更快、效率更高。     

基于异类挖掘的网络入侵检测方法

针对目前基于异常入侵检测方法所存在的问题，提出了一种基于异类挖掘的聚类方法，该方法通过对采用多种不同类型描述的连接记录对象进行异类数据挖掘，从而实现从大流量网络活动记录数据中快速检测出与正常系统与网络活动相异的已知或未知入侵行为。最后利用KDD ’99入侵检测大赛的数据对所提方法进行了检验，实验结果表明了此方法是有效的。     

基于信任的网络群体异常行为发现

现今大规模网络群体异常事件往往由多个复杂安全事件融合,且这些安全事件之间隐藏着社会化利益与联系,表现出典型的群体性与控制性.对恶意网络群体事件的感知与响应是网络安全管理的重要任务之一.传统的异常检测机制与基于偶图模型的群体异常行为发现方法均未深入分析这些恶意网络行为潜在的社会化关系,且没有考虑交互过程对节点关系的影响.基于此,文中提出一种基于信任的网络群体异常行为发现模型.该模型首先使用网络交互拓扑信息建立网络节点间的信任矩阵;进而结合直接信任度和相关信任度计算网络节点间的相似度,并通过松弛谱聚类算法中的约束条件,增强类数目的自动识别能力,提高节点聚类准确性.实验表明该模型交互能够有效感知网络中的分布式拒绝服务攻击、蠕虫与僵尸网络的异常行为,并对潜伏期内的安全事件行为有较高识别度,同时比基于偶图的行为分类模型具有更高的准确性.     

基于多维聚类挖掘的异常检测方法研究

网络异常检测是网络管理中非常重要的课题,因此已在近年来得到广泛研究.人们在该领域提出了许多先进的网络流量异常检测方法,但是自动准确地对网络流量进行分类和识别来发现网络中的异常流量仍然是一个非常具有挑战性的问题.文中提出了一种基于多维聚类挖掘的异常检测方法,通过两个阶段来实现异常检测.第一阶段先通过多维聚类挖掘算法,自动对网络中的流量进行多维聚类,第二阶段通过计算多维聚类的异常度来实现异常检测.通过文中的方法,网络中的异常流量被自动归类到不同的有意义的聚类中,通过对这些聚类进行分析可以发现网络中的异常行为.最后通过实验对算法进行了验证,结果表明该方法能够有效检测网络中的异常流量.     

面向AI模型训练的DNS窃密数据自动生成

近年来,借助DNS协议良好的隐蔽性和穿透性实施数据窃取已成为诸多APT组织青睐的TTPs,在网络边界监测DNS流量进而精准发现潜在攻击行为已成为企事业单位急需建立的网络防御能力。然而,基于DNS的APT攻击所涉及的恶意样本存在难获取、数量少、活性很低等现实问题,且主流的数据增强技术不适合移植到网络攻防这个语义敏感领域,这些问题制约了AI检测模型训练。为此,本文基于DNS窃密攻击机理分析,并结合了大量真实APT案例和DNS工具,提出了一种基于攻击TTPs的DNS窃密流量数据自动生成及应用方法,设计并实现了DNS窃密流量数据自动生成系统—MalDNS,以生成大规模、高逼真度、完备度可调的DNS窃密数据集。最后,通过实验验证了生成流量数据的有效性,以及对检测模型训练的有效支撑。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。