纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的制备和表征

以纳米纤维素(NCC)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂还原硝酸银,化学还原法制备纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子。m(Ag)/m(NCC)=5%制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子,X射线衍射分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中NCC和银纳米粒子相互混合并未改变各自的晶型,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中银纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.87nm,与透射电子显微镜(TEM)所测银纳米粒子直径(10nm)相近;热重分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的热稳定性较纳米纤维素稍有下降。透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析、紫外光谱分析、固含量分析、机理分析和抑菌活性分析结果表明,m(Ag)/m(NCC)=3%时制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,且银纳米粒子在纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中分散较均匀。     

金属纳米粒子修饰的石墨烯加强铜基复合材料

利用镍纳米粒子修饰石墨烯(GPLs)制备石墨烯镍纳米粒子复合物(Ni-GPLs);将复合物作为增强相作用于Cu基体(NiGPLs-Cu),研究其力学性能;采用SEM、TEM、XRD、FT-IR和XPS等对Ni-GPLs进行表征。结果表明:Ni-GPLs由附着在GPLs上且分散均匀的镍纳米颗粒构成,镍离子通过化学还原在GPLs表面合成Ni-GPLs;含有体积分数为0.8%Ni-GPLs的Ni-GPL-Cu复合材料的极限抗拉强度(UTS)显著提高,比纯Cu的高出42%,大大提高Ni-GPLs-Cu的力学性能。     

纤维素基材料负载金属纳米粒子催化降解研究进展

由于金属纳米粒子具有高催化活性、反应选择性和易于制备等特点,其被认为是化学反应中的优异催化剂,但存在着高成本、难分离、易团聚、不可回收再利用等缺点。纤维素是迄今最丰富的可再生天然聚合物,广泛存在于高等植物、动物及细菌中,而又由于其高比表面积、较好的稳定性及化学可修饰性,因此纤维素基材料可以作为金属纳米粒子的良好载体。对近年来纤维素基材料负载金属纳米粒子催化剂的制备及催化性能进行了综述,以便有关科研人员了解多方位的有效尝试方法和探讨的途径。     

木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料的制备及其应用研究进展

木质素是一种最丰富的芳香族天然高分子生物质资源,木质素纳米粒子既具有木质素原本特点,还具有纳米材料的纳米效应等特性,在众多功能材料领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,特别是作为绿色还原剂直接还原金属离子生成木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料,被广泛应用于催化领域等。本文综述了木质素纳米粒子的制备及其在金属离子还原和金属纳米粒子负载的研究进展,重点综述了木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料在不同应用领域的研究进展,最后总结并展望了木质素在金属纳米粒子复合材料制备和应用中面临的机遇和挑战。      

碳纳米管和金属纳米粒子的异质连接研究进展

碳纳米管作为金属纳米粒子的载体材料,用于催化荆、纳米电子学、光学、纳米生物技术等领域.但碳纳米管与金属之间表面张力的差异显著,不利于金属纳米粒子附着.通过碳纳米管表面改性,利用功能基团可实现较好的异质连接.分析了碳纳米管与金属纳米粒子之间的异质连接及其在功能材料中的应用研究状况,探讨了解决碳纳米管/金属复合材料界面结合问题的各种方法,展望了异质连接技术的发展趋势.     

无机纳米粒子/乳液复合材料的研究进展

无机纳米粒子/乳液复合材料是近几年发展起来的一种新型材料。本文中首先介绍了无机纳米粒子表面改性的原理和方法,然后总结了制备无机纳米粒子/乳液复合材料的方法及特点,最后对无机纳米粒子/乳液复合材料今后的发展提出一些见解。     

纳米纤维素的应用研究进展

纳米纤维素是一种新型的天然高分子材料,具有高结晶度、高强度等特殊的理化性质和优良的机械性能,其应用范围将越来越广泛。主要综述了纳米纤维素在酶固定化、生物传感、生物成像、医药及造纸工业等方面的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的研究进展

目的综述了纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的制备方法和机理,找出纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的基本复合方法。方法比较分析沉淀法、水热反应法、微乳液法、溶胶凝胶法、高温分解法等制备纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的优缺点。结果总结了纤维素磁性纳米复合膜研究和应用进展,并为今后纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的发展提出了建议和新思路。结论采用原位复合的方法制备纤维素磁性纳米复合膜是目前的研究热点,具有显著的意义和广阔的发展前景。     

微生物合成金属纳米粒子研究进展

当前金属纳米粒子主要采用物理和化学方法合成，但微生物也能合成金属纳米粒子，与常规方法相比，微生物合成金属纳米粒子不仅可大量减少还原剂的用量和降低能源成本，而且不污染环境。综述了国内外使用微生物合成金属纳米粒子的研究进展。     

纤维素纳米纤丝增强聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

纤维素纳米纤丝具有优异的力学性能和天然的纳米网状结构,在其增强的聚合物复合材料中发挥了重要作用。本文综述了纤维素纳米纤丝增强亲水性聚合物(酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、淀粉等)及非亲水性聚合物(环氧树脂、聚乙烯、聚乳酸等)复合材料的加工制备与主要性能。针对纤维素纳米纤丝制备成本高、与非亲水性聚合物结合强度低等关键问题,提出了开展进一步研究的建议。     

Robust magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of reduced graphene oxide loaded magnetic metal nanoparticle composites

With the increasing demand for microwave absorbing materials, to develop a microwave absorber with a simple synthesis process is of great significance to the field of protection. Herein we have successfully loaded iron-cobalt-nickel oxide (FeCoNiO_x) onto the as-prepared polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO) through a two-step process. The preparation method has mild reaction conditions without high temperature and pressure compared with the traditional method, which is conducive to large-scale production. Based on effectively combining dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanism, the obtained material possesses excellent electromagnetic waves absorbing performance with the minimum RL value of ?36.28 dB. The results proved that the composites can be endowed with various microwave absorption effects by the adjustion of different component ratios. In addition, the microwave absorption mechanism was dicussed in detail, and we believe that the results of our research have certain guiding significance for preparation of efficient microwave absorbers.     

Femtosecond response of a single metal nanoparticle

The ultrafast nonlinear optical response of a single metal nanoparticle is investigated by combining a high-sensitivity femtosecond pump-probe setup with a spatial modulation microscope. Experiments are performed on 20 and 30 nm silver nanospheres, in situ characterized via their optical linear extinction spectrum. The measured transient response permits investigation of the electron-phonon energy transfer time in a single nanoparticle. Its dependence on the electronic temperature is quantitatively interpreted using the two-temperature model.     

Electrical field-flow fractionation for metal nanoparticle characterization

The potential of electrical field-flow fractionation (ElFFF) for characterization of metal nanoparticles was investigated in this study. Parameters affecting separation and retention such as applied DC voltage and flow rate were examined. Nanoparticles with different types of stabilizers, including citrate and tannic acid, were investigated. Changes to the applied voltage showed a significant influence on separation in ElFFF, and varying flow rate was used to improve plate heights in the experiments. For nanoparticles of a fixed size, the separation was based primarily on electrophoretic mobility. Particles with low electrophoretic mobility elute earlier. Therefore, citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (-2.72 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) eluted earlier than tannic acid stabilized gold nanoparticles (-4.54 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) of the same size. In addition, ElFFF can be used for characterization of gold nanoparticles with different particle sizes including 10, 20, and 40 nm with a fixed stabilizing agent. For a specific separation condition, the separation of 10, 20, and 40 nm gold nanoparticles was clearly based on the particle size as opposed to the electrophoretic mobility, as the elution order was in order of decreasing mobility for 10 (-4.54 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), 20 (-3.97 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), and 40 (-3.76 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) nm particles, respectively.     

Scaling-up metal nanoparticle production by transferred arc discharge

The number of applications and products containing metal nanomaterials has significantly increased over the past years. In order to address the upcoming demand for metal nanoparticles, new scale-up strategies are required. The scale-up of nanoparticle synthesis, especially for metals, is however very challenging. This study reports about a production facility with a new scale-up approach for pure metal nanoparticles. The scale-up approach is the parallelization of multiple transferred arcs in one reactor, which were previously individually optimized. Furthermore, a novel filtration and bagging system is introduced, which is designed to handle pyrophoric metal nanoparticles. It is shown that the production rate of the process scales linearly with the number of transferred arcs, while the particle size stays on the nanoscale.     

On the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticle nanotubes

We have previously described nanoparticle nanotubes (NPNTs), i.e., tubular metallic nanostructures comprising coalesced nanoparticles (NPs), obtained by passing citrate-stabilized metal (Au, Ag, Pd) NP solutions through aminosilane-modified nanoporous alumina membranes. Here we show that the mechanism of NPNT formation involves two stages: (i) electrostatic binding of a monolayer of metal NPs to the amine groups on the membrane pore walls; and (ii) accumulation of NP multilayers and room-temperature coalescence to form solid nanotubes. Free-standing NPNTs are obtained by post-dissolution of the membrane template. An improved fabrication apparatus enabled evaluation of the role of drying and other preparation parameters on the NP coalescence and NPNT formation and structure. Intermittent drying during the NP accumulation stage is necessary for the formation of solid NPNTs, while a slow flow rate of the colloid solution through the membrane pores and reversal of the flow direction promote the formation of more uniform and longer NPNTs.     

Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a metal nanoparticle

The scattering cross section of electromagnetic radiation by a small spherical metal particle has been calculated in the framework of the standard kinetic theory in a dipole approximation. The calculation has been performed for relatively small (～10 nm) particles, which allows the skin effect to be ignored. A mechanism of mixed specular-diffuse reflection of conduction electrons from the particle surface is considered. It is established that, at certain angles of scattering, the mechanism of magnetic-dipole scattering becomes dominating. The influence of kinetic effects on the differential scattering cross section is analyzed.     

Modelling flow and filtration in liquid composite moulding of nanoparticle loaded thermosets

This paper presents analytical and numerical models of liquid moulding of hybrid composites. An 1-D analytical solution of Darcy’s problem, accompanied by nanoparticle filtration kinetics and conservation, has been developed. A non-linear finite difference model incorporating variations in permeability, porosity and viscosity as a function of local nanoparticle loading was formulated. Comparison of the two models allowed verification of their validity, whilst a mesh sensitivity study demonstrated the convergence of the numerical scheme. The limits of validity of the analytical solution were established over a range of infiltration lengths and filtration rates for different nanoparticle loadings. The analytical model provides an accurate and efficient approximation of through thickness infusion of hybrid composites, whereas use of the numerical scheme is necessary for accurate simulation of in-plane filling processes. The models developed here can serve as the basis of process design/optimisation for the production of hybrid composites with controlled distribution of nano-reinforcement.     

表面负载不同金属离子的活性炭吸附二苯并噻吩

主要研究活性炭表面负载不同金属离子以提高其对二苯并噻吩吸附性能.通过浸渍法制备5种负载过渡金属离子活性炭Ag(Ⅰ)/AC、Cu(Ⅱ)/AC、Ni(Ⅱ)/AC、Zn(Ⅱ)/AC和Fe(Ⅲ)/AC.用静态吸附法测定了二苯并噻吩在不同活性炭上的吸附平衡等温线,并应用软硬酸碱理论分析和讨论活性炭表面负载不同金属离子对二苯并噻吩吸附性能的影响.结果表明活性炭表面负载Ag ,Ni2 、Cu2 或Zn2 离子,可提高其对二苯并噻吩的吸附,而活性炭表面负载Fe3 ,反而降低了其对二苯并噻吩的吸附能力.由于Ag 价格昂贵,而Ni2 、Cu2 和Zn2 价廉易得,而且Zn(Ⅱ)/AC、Cu(Ⅱ)/AC和Ni(Ⅱ)/AC对二苯并噻吩又具有良好的吸附能力,故表面负载Ni2 、Cu2 和Zn2 可改善活性炭吸附脱除油品中有机硫化物的能力.