升流式厌氧-好氧曝气一体化滤池处理生活污水

对升流式厌氧-好氧曝气一体化滤池处理生活污水进行了试验研究,探讨了生物膜的形成及供气量、水力停留时间对处理效果的影响.结果表明：在好氧曝气段滤池按气水比3：1,HRT为9.8h,进水COD150～320mg/L条件下,出水COD降至10.7～12.8mg/L,SS降至10.6～13.1mg/L,TN降至11.2～16.8mg/L.     

高原地区曝气池氧传质的影响因素研究

为提高高原地区污水生物处理曝气过程的效率,对比研究了气压分别为96 kPa和72 kPa时,不同曝气量下,曝气方式和污泥含量对曝气池氧传质的影响规律。结果表明,曝气量从150 mL/min提高至600 mL/min,不同气压下2种曝气方式的氧总传质系数(K_La)和气压降低的负面影响均增大,相同条件时微孔曝气盘的K_La总是大于微孔曝气软管;气压降低使2种曝气方式最高动力效率和氧转移效率对应的适宜曝气量均呈下降趋势;对K_La的影响程度为曝气量大气压力MLSS含量,K_La与大气压力和曝气量呈正相关,与MLSS含量呈负相关;微生物耗氧速率会因气压降低有不同程度的提高,72 kPa下的比耗氧速率比96 kPa下平均高43.8%。     

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器的氧传质特性

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器(IAL-CHS)的氧传质性能测定结果表明,IAL-CHS反应器与普通气升式反应器相比氧传递能力更强,氧传质效果更好,氧转移效率更高。进行清水充氧试验分别采用0.006、0.018、0.025、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 m.3h-1的曝气强度,最初IAL-CHS反应器的氧传递系数(Kla)20与曝气强度呈正相关,在0.1m3.h-1的曝气强度下氧传质系数增至最大值,之后再提高曝气强度反应器的氧传递系数反而降低。然而反应器的氧转移效率EO2值始终随着曝气强度的升高而减少。     

曝气量对自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)中试工艺运行的影响

设计了由两个圆罐串联的自热式高温好氧消化中试系统，处理城市污水污泥.采用批式试验，测试氧化还原电位（ORP），探讨曝气量对污泥稳定化处理效果的影响.试验发现，曝气量不能过高或过低，过高起到散热作用，使反应器自升温的温度下降，过低则影响微生物的活性，反应器的温度也低，两种情况都会造成挥发性悬浮固体（VSS）去除率降低.对于VSS浓度为46.6g/L的污泥，曝气量取0.6～1.0m^3/h较好，VSS的去除率可达到39.2%，趋于稳定化.通过测试ORP发现微氧环境有利于VSS的降解，提高VSS的去除率.在消化过程中反应器内ORP最低为-360mV，反应器中不仅有好氧菌，还存在厌氧菌和兼性菌。     

内循环好氧生物流化床处理糖业废水试验研究

应用内循环好氧生物流化床对COD(cr)和NH3-N质量浓度分别为350-580mg/L和7-12mg/L的甘蔗制糖废水进行处理.以人工合成的高分子颗粒作生物膜载体,通过改变空气流量和水力停留时间,考察不同操作条件下对不同浓度废水的COD(cr)和NH3-N去除效果.试验表明,在进气量为40L/h、水力停留时间为3-4...     

陶瓷膜曝气强化臭氧传质研究

为了探究陶瓷膜曝气对臭氧气液传质的影响,对三种陶瓷膜进行了性能的表征与评价,并从陶瓷膜孔径、臭氧投加量、进气流量、温度、pH等方面对液相臭氧浓度和表观传质系数进行了考察。结果表明：1号陶瓷膜传质效果最好,其液相臭氧平衡浓度和表观体积传质系数（K_La）分别为微孔曝气的3倍和2.1倍。最佳的液相平衡臭氧浓度（10.20 mg/L）和K_La(0.519 2 min^-1)在1号陶瓷膜、臭氧投加量为43.92 mg/L、温度20℃、进气流量400 L/h,pH为7条件下取得。     

内循环生物流化床曝气过程氧传质特性研究

针对水-空气-高分子颗粒三相体系,测试了内循环好氧生物流化床曝气过程中气-液相间氧传递的体积传质系数KLa,分析了操作参数(进气量QG、固含率εs和升降流区截面积比Ar/Ad)对氧传质系数KLa的影响。结果表明,KLa随着进气量的提高呈线性增加趋势;固含率对KLa有正反两方面的作用,存在一个较适宜的固含率使氧传质效率达到最高;随升降流区截面积比Ar/Ad的增大,KLa随之提高。基于KLa影响因素的分析对实验数据进行拟合,建立了关于体积传质系数KLa的关联式:Kd=2.23×10-6Reb0.582Ab0.976εs0.016。该关联式预测结果与实验数据吻合良好,对类似流化床反应器的设计有一定参考价值。     

生物膜法A2/O2焦化废水处理系统中好氧反应器工艺特性

以焦化厂废水处理系统气浮设备出水为水源,在中试规模上研究了生物膜法A2/O2系统中好氧反应器的工艺特性和效果.研究结果表明,系统进水COD为1 000～2 200 mg/L,NH3-N质量浓度为200~400mg/L,水解酸化反应器HRT为20 h,缺氧反应器HRT为24 h,一级好氧反应器和二级好氧反应器HRT均为48 h,二级好氧反应器硝化液回流比为3,一级好氧反应器COD容积负荷为0.40 ks/(m3·d),二级好氧反应器COD容积负荷<0.07 kg/(m3.d).NH3-N容积负荷为0.022 kg/(m3·d)时,生物膜法A2/O2系统处理出水COD和NH3-N浓度可以同时达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)中的一级排放标准.     

好氧-缺氧高效分离生物流化复合反应器处理生活污水的中试研究

鉴于污水处理中对氮、磷去除率的要求和内循环二相生物流化床反应器存在的不足,开发了一种一体化好氧-缺氧高效分离生物流化复合反应器(HSBCR)。HSBCR好氧循环流化区采用了独特的分格结构,并且在同一个反应器中实现了好氧,缺氧分区运行。HSBCR中试反应器处理生活污水的结果表明,随着好氧区水力停留时间从10 h延长到25 h,反应器对NH3-N的去除效果上升,对总氮的去除效果表明该反应器具有较好的反硝化效果。     

膜生物流化床处理城市污水的影响因素研究

膜生物流化床(MBFB)是将传统生物流化床与膜生物反应器(MBR)有机结合的产物。试验采用MBFB处理城市污水,考察了载体投加量和曝气强度对MBFB系统气含率和污染物去除的影响。结果表明,载体投加量及曝气强度过高或过低均会对系统传质效果和污染物去除产生不利影响。载体投加量为10%,曝气强度为47.7 L(/m.2h),对应气水体积比为12:1时,MBFB系统能取得较好的传质效果和污染物去除效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。