A rejoinder to Notarius.

Responds to C. I. Notarius's (see record 1984-11607-001) rebuttal of the present author's (see record 1984-11616-001) criticisms of a study by Notarius et al (see record 1983-05644-001) which supported the discharge model of the facial expressivity/physiological reactivity relationship. It is concluded that only when all data from the Notarius et al study are examined will one know what their results have shown. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comment on Notarius, Wemple, Ingraham, Burns, and Kollar's study of emotional responses to an interpersonal stressor.

Discusses several methodological, statistical, and interpretative problems in a study of interpersonal stress, facial expressivity, and physiological reactivity conducted by C. I. Notarius et al (see record 1983-05644-001). (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some comments about cognitions as causal variables.

Notes problems with the position forwarded by I. S. Schonfeld (see record 1990-31203-001) that cognitive behaviors may play a role in antisocial behaviors. A longitudinal study by L. R. Huesmann et al (see record 1987-15097-001) is cited that is not consistent with Schonfeld's hypothesis but is consistent with the hypothesis presented by G. R. Patterson et al (see record 1989-26278-001) that achievement failures are the result of antisocial behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When selective adaptation and contrast effects are distinct: A reply to Diehl, Kluender, and Parker.

Two alternative conceptualizations of selective adaptation with speech have recently received attention: the adaptation level theory (AL) outlined by R. L. Diehl (see record 1981-05067-001) and a 2-stage model outlined by the 1st author and P. Jusczyk (see record 1982-00351-001). Diehl et al (see record 1986-05428-001) reported evidence of streaming in selective adaptation and claimed that their results provide a counterdemonstration to recent studies that have argued against the AL approach. It is shown how the Diehl et al results can be accounted for by both the 2-stage model and AL theory. Results are presented from a study with 74 undergraduates that compared adaptation and paired-comparison procedures. These results are precisely as predicted by the 2-stage model, but they cannot be accounted for by AL theory. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Cognitive-behavioral therapy in geriatric depression": Reply to Riskind, Beck, and Steer.

Responds to the challenge by J. H. Riskind et al (see record 1986-12531-001) to the interpretation by J. L. Steuer et al (see record 1984-21146-001) that changes observed on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in depressed geriatric patients treated with cognitive-behavioral (CB) group psychotherapy did not demonstrate superiority for CB therapy over a psychodynamic approach. Riskind et al proposed that somatic items on the other rating instruments used might not be valid in geriatric patients and thus might render those scales less sensitive. Reanalyses of the psychotherapy data and data from a placebo-controlled study of tricyclic antidepressants by the present 3rd author et al (see record 1983-21474-001) did not support this assertion. Somatic items proved to be sensitive to change in both studies. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Repetition effects in word and pseudoword identification: Comment on Salasoo, Shiffrin, and Feustel.

Discusses 2 recent articles by T. C. Feustel et al (see record 1984-08643-001) and A. Salasoo et al (see record 1986-03032-001), which argue that word identification is based on episodic and semantic memory. Feustel et al argued for separate processing stages affected by repetition (episodic memory) and lexicality (semantic memory). To account for the finding that number of repetitions interacts with lexicality, Salasoo et al invoked the same 2 types of memory, operating in parallel rather than serially. It is argued that data by Salasoo et al are compatible with a wide variety of competing theories, including some that do not involve episodic memory. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Prediger.

Responds to D. J. Prediger's (see record 1980-20237-001) criticism of the comparison by the present author et al (see record 1979-27466-001) of the Self-Directed Search (raw-scored), Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (norm-scored), and a combination of the 2 measures. Additional research is reported to guide future study of the impact of interest inventories. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On worthwhile icons: Reply to Di Lollo and Haber.

Responds to R. N. Haber's (see record 1986-11000-001) and V. Di Lollo's (see record 1986-10993-001) comments on the study of a procedure to estimate the worth of an icon conducted by the present author et al (see record 1986-00309-001). In response to Haber, the author maintains that icons can be spatiotopic as well as retinotopic, knowledge of icons is necessary for designing video-display systems, and ecological validity should not be a criterion for the scientific investigation of some topics. Responding to Di Lollo, the author argues that this general model does not account for several salient aspects of data by the present author et al. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depression and the search for negative evaluations: More evidence of the role of self-verification strivings.

W. B. Swann et al (see record 1992-27469-001) suggested that depressed and dysphoric persons verify their self-conceptions by seeking rather negative appraisals. J. M. Hooley and J. E. Richters (see record 1992-27439-001) and L. B. Alloy and A. J. Lipman (see record 1992-27420-001) have worried that (1) idiosyncratic features of the Swann et al participants and design may have produced their effects and (2) Swann et al presented no evidence that self-verification strivings are motivated. The authors address these issues empirically. Study 1 showed that 20 dysphoric participants preferred interacting with a person who appraised them unfavorably over participating in another study, in comparison with 30 nondysphorics. Study 2 revealed that 26 dysphoric persons responded to feedback that challenged their negative self-view by working to reaffirm their low self-esteem, in comparison with 47 nondysphorics. These findings support the notion that at some level depressed and dysphoric persons want rather negative appraisals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Recent studies by R. J. Ivnik et al (see record 1993-04116-001), J. F. Malec et al (see record 1993-04120-001), and J. J. Ryan et al (see record 1991-08835-001) have provided age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R). The current study compared IQ scores based on these newer age-extended norms in 216 elderly Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Results showed that when the norms from Ryan et al were used, IQ scores were consistently the same as or higher than when WAIS—R manual norms were used. When the norms provided by Ivnik et al and Malec et al were used, IQ scores tended to be lower than WAIS—R manual norms for younger patients with more intellectual impairment. Results illustrate the importance of reporting the normative sample upon which IQ test scores for older adults are based and provide guidelines for selecting which set of age-extended WAIS—R norms to use with cognitively impaired elderly Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modeling alphabetic retrieval: Rejoinder to Klahr (1994).

In D. Klahr's (see record 1994-24197-001) reply to J. Scharroo et al (see record 1994-24216-001), he ignored the basic critique on the hierarchy in the Klahr et al (see record 1984-05777-001) model of alphabetic retrieval. In this rejoinder, the modeling of alphabetic retrieval and the shape of response time curves with respect to the strong and weak tests and the alphabetic position effect is discussed. From discussion of these 2 points, it should be clear why Klahr did not deal with the main objections raised in Scharroo et al: (1) Klahr et al's (1983) response time curves did not show the predicted sawtooth shape and (2) there was no reason to assume an additional level (Level 1) in modeling alphabetic retrieval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hearts and bonds: Resisting classification and closure.

Responds to criticisms made by H. Peskin (see record 1993-45259-001) of the article by Stroebe et al (see record 1993-05637-001). Stroebe et al assert that their representation of J. Bowlby's (1980) conception of grief as lending itself to a modernist zeitgeist is an accurate one and that Peskin's views are idiosyncratic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rose-colored glasses? Never: If anything, shades of brownp Reply to Choca et al.

In response to the criticism of J. P. Choca et al (see record 1987-19792-001) concerning the present author's (see record 1986-20485-001) study of prospective payment in the Veterans Administration, it is asserted that the present author shares the concerns of Choca et al regarding the severe statistical and clinical limitations of diagnostic related groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Scanning and form-contingent color aftereffects.

G. K. Humphrey et al (see record 1994-28172-001) and J. Broerse and P. Grimbeek (see record 1994-28160-001) suggested that the form-contingent color aftereffect reported by S. Siegel et al (see record 1992-22207-001) would not be obtained if Ss were instructed to scan the induction and assessment forms. The authors present data from 10 adult Ss who were instructed to scan the forms. These scanning Ss displayed aftereffects that were no different from those described earlier by Siegel et al. Scanning Ss do display spatiotopic contingent color aftereffects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Avoiding bias in the search for artifact: A reply to Carlopio, Adair, Lindsay, and Spinner.

J. Carlopio et al (see record 1983-31564-001) criticized several aspects of the present authors' (see record 1982-12761-001) procedures and conclusions in a study of S roles and contended that the entire "subject role" approach is misguided. In this reply, the merits of the arguments and follow-up study of Carlopio et al are considered along with the "alternative" conception of S behavior they proposed. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Encounter research.

Refers readers interested in the article by D. Hartley et al (see record 1977-01609-001) to 4 articles on encounter research by M. J. Diamond and J. L. Shapiro (see record 1976-05062-001), J. Rowan (see record 1976-02670-001), W. Schutz (see record 1976-02672-001), and P. B. Smith (see record 1976-02673-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PhD recipients in psychology and biology: A comment.

Comments that the article by H. Schuckman (see record 1988-11977-001), reporting no difference in the rate of publication of male and female biology and psychology students in the 4 yrs following receipt of their PhD degrees, parallels the results of E. Goldstein (see record 1979-25912-001), and are in contrast with results reported by J. R. Cole and H. Zuckerman (see record 1988-15525-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Effective dissemination of energy-related information: Applying social psychology and evaluation research": Rejoinder.

Responds to comments by E. S. Geller (see record 1992-37385-001) and P. B. Crabb (see record 1992-37381-001) on the M. L. Dennis et al (see record 1991-08669-001) review of social and behavioral science literature related to energy conservation (EC). The Dennis et al article was not an attempt to recommend a comprehensive EC policy but rather intended to show how prior research and experience could be used to make information more effective in producing changes in public behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Source of data as a factor in assessing symptoms of hyperkinesis.

The lack of agreement between teachers and parents in assessing the symptoms of hyperkinesis in children has been demonstrated in a study by J. E. Langhorne et al (see record 1976-22537-001). P. G. Zukow et al (see record 1979-05204-001) have recently criticized that investigation on several methodological points. In response to the criticisms of Zukow et al, the results of a separate analysis of the data of Langhorne et al that corroborates their original findings are presented. In this study, 127 hyperkinetic children were rated on home and school behavior scales by parents and teachers. Essentially no agreement between parents and teachers was found in ratings of 3 behaviors. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What kind of a hypothesis is the distinction between episodic and semantic memory?

Responds to comments by G. McKoon et al (see record 1986-19143-001) regarding the present author's (1983; also see record 1985-03110-001) claims of a distinction between semantic and episodic memory by asserting that the hypothetico-deductive method of testing theories advocated by McKoon et al is not an appropriate procedure for evaluating the validity of classification according to learning and memory phenomena and processes. (73 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)