Dietary Intake and Food Sources of EPA, DPA and DHA in Australian Children

Secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity survey was undertaken to assess the intake and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA (excluding supplements) in 4,487 children aged 2–16 years. An average of two 24-h dietary recalls was analysed for each child and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA were assessed using the Australian nutrient composition database called AUSNUT 2007. Median (inter quartile range, IQR) for EPA, DPA and DHA intakes (mg/day) for 2–3, 4–8, 9–13, 14–16 year were: EPA 5.3 (1.5–14), 6.7 (1.8–18), 8.7 (2.6–23), 9.8 (2.7–28) respectively; DPA 6.2 (2.2–14), 8.2 (3.3–18), 10.8 (4.3–24), 12.2 (5–29) respectively; and DHA 3.9 (0.6–24), 5.1 (0.9–26), 6.8 (1.1–27), 7.8 (1.5–33) respectively. Energy-adjusted intakes of EPA, DPA and DHA in children who ate fish were 7.5, 2 and 16-fold higher, respectively (P < 0.001) compared to those who did not eat fish during the 2 days of the survey. Intake of total long chain n-3 PUFA was compared to the energy adjusted suggested dietary target (SDT) for Australian children and 20 % of children who ate fish during the 2 days of the survey met the SDT. Fish and seafood products were the largest contributors to DHA (76 %) and EPA (59 %) intake, while meat, poultry and game contributed to 56 % DPA. Meat consumption was 8.5 times greater than that for fish/seafood. Australian children do not consume the recommended amounts of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, which could be explained by low fish consumption.     

A comparative analysis of China and other countries in metabolic engineering: Output,impact and collaboration

In recent years, metabolic engineering has made great progress in both academic research and industrial applications. However, we have not found any articles that specifically analyze the current state of metabolic engineering in China in comparison with other countries. Here, we review the current development and future trends of global metabolic engineering, conduct an in-depth benchmarking analysis of the development situation of China’s metabolic engineering, and identify current problems as well as future trends. We searched publications in the Scopus database from 2015 to September 2020 in the field of metabolic engineering, and analyzed the output in general, including publication trends, research distribution, popular journals, hot topics and vital institutions, but also analyzed the share of citations, field-weighted citation impact, and production in collaboration with strategic countries in science and technology. This study aims to serve as a reference for later studies, offering a comprehensive view of China’s contribution to metabolic engineering, and as a tool for the elaboration of national public policy in science and technology.